#friulian

[thesandlorde]

sometimes you meet other folks with shared ancestry on tumblr via posting your art and sometimes it makes you feel real fuzzy inside (shoutout to @mysticcollage for their knowledge, passion, time and regaling me with friulian facts <3 go check out their art!)

[yvanspijk]

Heute & hodie, hoy, oggi

German heute, which means 'today', looks like and has the same meaning as Latin hodiē, the ancestor of Spanish hoy, Portuguese hoje, Italian oggi and many others. However, these similarities between heute and hodiē are entirely coincidental. Their etymologies are as different as they come. The infographic shows how exactly they're unrelated.

[thepastisalreadywritten]

•

[folkfashion]

Friulian dancers, Italy, by Michael Pasut

[semprelibera]

Jo ti recuardi, Narcís, ti vèvis il colòur

da la sera, quand li ciampanis

a súnin di muàrt.

Pier Paolo Pasolini, Il nini muàrt (Poesie a Casarsa)

[lingcharts]

Colors in some native languages of Italy. Note: spelling/words used may vary by region or locale.

[bocje-ce-ustu]

1, 2, 15?

Thank you for the ask, @akasanata!! 💖

1: Your native language.

Italian, tinged with a northeastern inflection.

2: Which languages you know.

Well, know is kind of a big word :D Let’s just say I’ve been headbutting with (British-ish?) English for most of my life, I’m a student of Japanese (I guess I’m at an intermediate level now) and what you’d call a passive speaker (I get it, but I’m no good at it) of Friulian, my local dialect.I’m fairly familiar with Ancient Greek and Latin thanks to my high school studies, and I’m currently dusting up my little knowledge of (Modern) Greek and German to move on from a beginner’s level.

15: Write a short introduction of yourself in a language other than English.

Tu crodaressis c’o doprarès il japonês par chiste part, e invesite o cîr di presentami par furlan, le lenghe de tiare dulà c’o soi nade e cressude e o vîf cun le me famê. Il furlan al è intrigôs di scrivi par duç, e jo no soi nie buine di fevelalu, gjavant lis noms di cualchi animâl o plante e mûts di dì endemics come il gno url, ma stranamentri cuant c’o ai di léi un numar o une date in un toc di inglês mi ven pitost di leiju par furlan (i numars a son cussì facî in japonês e in furlan, a pet da l’inglês *vaint par furlan*). Cualchidun al dîs ancje che se un furlan al conte une barzalete, un di lenghe spagnûle lu capìs, pe sameancis tra une lenghe e che atre.Ma tornant a me, o soi un clostri, une pìtime e ancje un pôc vedrane, mi plâs fà di gustà e fà fieste, ma no di chês dulà che si bale e si bêf. Lis mês passions a son i libris, le musiche, le rêt, viodi films e serîs talianis e straniaris come une sassine e, naturalmentri, lis lenghis (chist al sune malamentri in taliàn come in furlan). Cumò o ai dit ancje masse, duncje o finìs chi. Ai bulos c’a son rivâts fin chi, grassie!

languages ask meme

[gwendolynlerman]

Discovering the World

Italy 🇮🇹

Basic facts

Official name: Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic)

Capital city: Rome

Population: 58.8 million (2023)

Demonym: Italian

Type of government: unitary parliamentary republic

Head of state: Sergio Mattarella (President)

Head of government: Giorgia Meloni (Prime Minister)

Gross domestic product (purchasing power parity): $3.34 trillion (2024)

Gini coefficient of wealth inequality: 32.5% (medium) (2020)

Human Development Index: 0.906 (very high) (2022)

Currency: euro (EUR)

Fun fact: It is home to the oldest university in the world.

Etymology

There are two theories about the country’s name. One suggests that it derives from an Ancient Greek term for the land of the Italoi tribe. The other one proposes that it comes from the name of local ruler Italus.

Geography

Italy is located in Southern Europe and borders Switzerland and Austria to the north, Slovenia to the northeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, south, and west, France to the northwest, and the enclaves of San Marino and Vatican City.

There are five main climates: tundra and warm-summer humid continental in the north, subtropical highland in the north and center, humid subtropical in the north and east, and hot-summer Mediterranean in the south and west. Temperatures range from 0 °C (32 °F) in winter to 30 °C (86 °F) in summer. The average annual temperature is 16.1 °C (60.9 °F).

The country is divided into twenty regions (regioni), which are further divided into 107 provinces (province). The largest cities in Italy are Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, and Palermo.

History

2800-1800 BCE: Bell Beaker culture

1800-238 BCE: Nuragic culture

1650-1150 BCE: Apennine culture; Terramare culture

1300-750 BCE: Urnfield culture

1200-901 BCE: Proto-Villanovan culture

900-27 BCE: Etruscan civilization

753-509 BCE: Roman Kingdom

509-27 BCE: Roman Republic

264-146 BCE: Punic Wars

27 BCE-395 CE: Roman Empire

568-774 CE: Kingdom of the Lombards

577-1053: Principality of Benevento

395-1071: Byzantine Empire

697-1797: Republic of Venice

756-1870: Papal States

831-1091: Emirate of Sicily

839-1140: Duchy of Gaeta

851-1077: Principality of Salerno

855-1801: Kingdom of Italy

933-1003: Kingdom of Burgundy

958-1137: Duchy of Amalfi

967-1574: Margravate of Montferrat

967-1797: Marquisate of Finale

1000-1406: Republic of Pisa

1000-1532: Republic of Ancona

1003-1416: County of Savoy

1043-1130: County of Apulia and Calabria

1071-1130: County of Sicily

1088-1465: Principality of Taranto

1099-1797: Republic of Genoa

1115-1569: Republic of Florence

1125-1555: Republic of Siena

1130-1816: Kingdom of Sicily

1160-1805: Republic of Lucca

1164-1715: Crown of Aragon

1192-1797: Republic of Noli

1225-1336: Republic of Massa

1293-1323: Free Municipality of Sassari

1282-1806: Kingdom of Naples

1297-1861: Kingdom of Sardinia

1310-1711: Duchy of Mirandola

1355-1797: Marquisate of Fosdinovo

1371-1728: County of Novellara and Bagnolo

1395-1796: Duchy of Milan

1398-1805: Principality of Piombino

1406-1621: County of Guastalla

1416-1792, 1814-1847: Duchy of Savoy

1447-1450: Golden Ambrosian Republic

1452-1796, 1814-1859: Duchy of Modena and Reggio

1471-1597: Duchy of Ferrara

1473-1836: Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara

1532-1569: Duchy of Florence

1545-1802, 1814-1859: Duchy of Parma and Piacenza

1569-1801, 1814-1860: Grand Duchy of Tuscany

1574-1708: Duchy of Montferrat

1621-1748: Duchy of Guastalla

1647-1648: Neapolitan Republic

1796-1797: Cispadane Republic; Transpadane Republic

1797: Republic of Crema

1797-1802: Cisalpine Republic

1797-1805: Ligurian Republic

1798-1799: Roman Republic

1801-1807: Kingdom of Etruria

1802-1805: Italian Republic

1805-1814: Kingdom of Italy; Principality of Lucca and Piombino

1815-1847: Duchy of Lucca

1815-1848: Duchy of Genoa

1815-1866: Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

1816-1861: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

1848-1849: Republic of San Marco; First Italian War of Independence

1859: Second Italian War of Independence

1859-1860: United Provinces of Central Italy

1861-1946: Kingdom of Italy

1866: Third Italian War of Independence

1882-1960: Italian Empire

1895-1896: First Italo-Ethiopian War

1911-1912: Italo-Turkish War

1935-1937: Second Italo-Ethiopian War

1943-1945: Italian Social Republic; Italian Civil War

1946-present: Italian Republic

1968-1988: Years of Lead

Economy

Italy mainly imports from Germany, China, and France and exports to Germany, the United States, and France. Its top exports are wine, cheese, and pasta.

It has gas, marble, and pumice reserves. Services represent 73.9% of the GDP, followed by industry (23.9%) and agriculture (2.1%).

Italy is a member of the Council of Europe, the European Union, the G7, the G20, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Union for the Mediterranean.

Demographics

91% of the population is ethnic Italian. The main religion is Christianity, practiced by 84% of the population, 73.9% of which is Catholic.

It has a positive net migration rate and a fertility rate of 1.2 children per woman. 71% of the population lives in urban areas. Life expectancy is 82 years and the median age is 46.5 years. The literacy rate is 99.2%.

Languages

The official language of the country is Italian. Albanian, Catalan, Croatian, Franco-Provençal, French, Friulian, German, Greek, Ladin, Occitan, Sardinian, and Slovene are recognized as historical minority languages.

Culture

Italy is known for its art, classical music, cuisine, and fashion. Italians are extroverted and warm and gesticulate a lot.

Men traditionally wear a white shirt, a vest, a jacket, white pants (ragas), and a hat. Women wear a white puff-sleeved blouse, a corset, an embroidered skirt, and a veil.

Architecture

Traditional houses in Italy have stone walls, tiled roofs, and balconies.

Cuisine

The Italian diet is based on fish, meat, pasta, and vegetables. Typical dishes include minestrone (a soup with beans, pasta, and vegetables), ossobuco (veal shanks braised with broth and vegetables), panna cotta (a pudding-like dessert made of cream, gelatin, and sugar), parmigiana di melanzane (layered eggplant with cheese and tomato sauce), and spaghetti alla puttanesca (spaghetti with anchovies, capers, olives, and tomatoes).

Holidays and festivals

Like other Christian countries, Italy celebrates Epiphany, Easter Sunday, Easter Monday, Assumption Day, All Saints’ Day, Immaculate Conception, Christmas Day, and Saint Stephen’s Day. It also commemorates New Year’s Day and Labor Day.

Specific Italian holidays include Liberation Day on April 25 and Republic Day on June 2.

Republic Day

Other celebrations include Carnival, the Madonna Bruna Festival, which features a procession and fireworks, and the Palio, a horse race.

Palio

Landmarks

There are 59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex, Amalfi Coast, Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and Monreale, Archeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia, Archeological Area of Agrigento, Archeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata, Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites, Botanical Garden, Padua, Castel del Monte, Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena, Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci, Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula, City of Verona, City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto, Crespi d’Adda, Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna, Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia, Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines, Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta, Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli, Historic Centre of Florence, Historic Centre of Naples, Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura, Historic Centre of San Gimignano, Historic Centre of Siena, Historic Centre of the City of Pienza, Historic Centre of Urbino, Isole Eolie, Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century, Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto, Longobards in Italy. Places of the Power, Mantua and Sabbioneta, Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany, Monte San Giorgio, Mount Etna, Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles, Piazza del Duomo, Pisa, Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto), Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps, Residences of the Royal House of Savoy, Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes, Rock Drawings in Valcamonica, Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, Su Nuraxi di Barumini, Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica, The Dolomites, The Great Spa Towns of Europe, The Porticoes of Bologna, The Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, The Trulli of Alberobello, The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera, Val d’Orcia, Venice and its Lagoon, Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar, Villa Adriana, Tivoli, Villa d’Este, Tivoli, Villa Romana del Casale, Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato.

Villa Adriana

Other landmarks include the Cattolica di Stilo, the Citadel of Alessandria, Lake Maggiore, the Marmore Falls, and the Mole Antonelliana.

Lake Maggiore

Famous people

Andrea Bocelli - singer

Elena Ferrante - writer

Elodie - singer

Ennio Morricone - composer

Giada De Laurentiis - chef

Gianluigi Buffon - soccer player

Gianni Versace - fashion designer

Monica Bellucci - actress

Sara Errani - tennis player

Valentino Rossi - motorcycle racer

Elodie

You can find out more about life in Italy in this post and this video.