human tongue filiform papillae under a light microscope at 40X magnification (optic lens is 10X and constant, scanning objective lens is 4X)
human tongue filiform papillae under a light microscope at 100X magnification (low power objective lens is 10X)
human tongue filiform papillae under a light microscope at 400X magnification (high power objective lens is 40X)
photos taken by me
the structures you’re looking at are the filiform papillae on the human tongue. they are the smallest and most numerous type of papilla on the human tongue, and contain no taste buds.
it is made out of irregular connective tissue covered by keratinized epithelial cells, a category of stratified (two layers or more) epithelial cells made up of keratinocytes (skin cells). the filiform papillae contain elastic fibers, making it flexible (which is important to its functions).
speaking of functions: their primary purpose is to manipulate food material, especially for carnivorous animals. they also play a role in texture perception by facilitating friction between food and the tongue.
as you can see, the filiform papillae tend to be vaguely conical, with (sometimes forked) filaments of keratin (the protein that makes up skin) sticking up from it. unfortunately, that’s all i know about it; if you’re still curious, here are some more sources to explore:
🧬 kenhub
🧬 sciencedirect
🧬 national institutes of health
🧬 histology guide (interactive specimen)
🧬 southern illinois university
These tiny “mouths” in the picture are stomata, the pores on plants’ leaves that allow plants to “breathe”. Plants need to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Stomata facilitate gas exchange in photosynthesis by letting these gasses in and out of the plant tissue. Plants are able to open and close their stomata, which is important since water vapour also escapes via the stomata. Closed stomata help prevent the plant from drying out. These images are from my undergraduate research project which focused on the molecular signals controlling stomata opening and closing. These picture are the epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana peeled off and seen under a light microscope.
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