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The ascent and descent stage of the Apollo Lunar Module (possibly LM-1 or LM-2) under construction at Grumman's facility in Bethpage, Long Island, New York.
Date: March 14, 1967
Grumman Aircraft Corporation photo: LPS-18-981, LPS-250-221
Cancelled Missions: Apollo AS-278
Planned launch: August 1967
Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB SA-207 and SA-208
Spacecraft: CSM-101 and LM-2
Prime crew:
-Commander: James Alton McDivitt
-Command Module Pilot: David Randolph Scott
-Lunar Module Pilot: Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart
Backup crew:
-Commander: Patten "Tom" Stafford CDR
-Command Module Pilot: John Watts Young
-Lunar Module Pilot: Eugene Andrew "Gene" Cernan
The mission number of AS-278, came from Saturn IB AS-207 and AS-208. It was also known as Apollo 3 and was planned as an D-type mission.
"It was planned that McDivitt's crew would conduct the Apollo D mission - a first manned test in earth orbit of the Lunar Module. Separate Saturn IB launches would put Apollo Block II CSM 101 / AS-207 and Lunar Module LM-2 / AS-208 into earth orbit a day later. The crew would then rendezvous and dock with the lunar module and put it through its paces.
When Schirra's Apollo 2 / AS-205 mission was cancelled in November 1966, the booster went to McDivitt's mission, and it was called AS-205/208, or AS-258."
-information from Astrnautix.com: link
Command Module 101 for Apollo-Saturn 205 mission on the workstand.
NASA ID: S68-42486
LM-2 under construction in Bethpage, Long Island, New York.
NASA ID: S68-36263
This flight was cancelled due of the Apollo 1 launch pad fire on January 27, 1967. After the fire, it was decided to launch the mission on a single Saturn V as Apollo 9. The prime crew remained the same for Apollo 9 but the backup crew flew as Apollo 10.
Information from spacefacts.de: link
Launch of AS-205 (CSM-101/SA-205) from LC-34 while AS-208 (LM-2/SA-208) waiting on LC-37B to launch the next day
Screenshot from orbit-forum.com: link
source, source, source
Cancelled missions: AS-206 (repeat of Apollo 5)
"On March 15, 1968, NASA announced that the planned second unmanned test flight of the Lunar Module (LM) was not needed given the success of the LM-1 flight during Apollo 5 in January. The decision to not fly LM-2 resulted in a significant cost and schedule savings to achieve the goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. And while LM-2 never got to fly in space, it’s use as an important ground test vehicle helped clear the way for the first Moon landing. Because LM-2 was configured for an unmanned flight, it would have been too costly to reconfigure it for a manned flight, primarily to fireproof the cabin. As a result, the first manned test would utilize LM-3, then planned to be launched aboard a Saturn V in late 1968.
The Lunar Module (LM-2) Ascent Stage during vibration tests.
The decision at first put LM-2 and its Saturn IB rocket into storage, but NASA managers decided to use LM-2 as a high-fidelity ground-test vehicle since it contained flight-like systems. After a short time in storage, LM-2 was shipped to the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, where engineers used it for dynamic testing in the Vibration and Acoustic Test Facility (VATF) to better understand the effects of the Saturn V pogo oscillations seen during the Apollo 6 mission in April 1968. The results of those tests contributed to NASA engineers clearing the next Saturn 5 to carry a crew. After the attachment of landing gear, between March and May 1969 engineers in the VATF used LM-2 to conduct drop tests to verify the structural integrity of the vehicle and its subsystems. Because LM-2 contained flight-like vehicle systems, the results of these high-fidelity tests helped clear the Apollo 11 LM-5 to land on the Moon just two months later.
LM-2 ascent stage on display at the 1970 World’s Fair in Osaka, Japan.
After its ground testing days were over, LM-2 continued to be useful. In 1970, its ascent stage spent several months on display at the US Pavillion at 'Expo ’70' in Osaka, Japan, mated to the descent stage of Lunar Test Article-8. When it returned to the United States, it was reunited with its descent stage, modified to appear like the Apollo 11 Lunar Module 'Eagle,' and transferred to the Smithsonian in 1971 for display. In 2016, curators restored and relocated it to the new Boeing Milestones of Flight Hall in the National Air and Space Museum. The Saturn IB rocket that was planned to launch LM-2 came out of storage in May 1973, when it launched the first crew to the Skylab space station."
LM-2 modified to appear like the Apollo 11 Lunar Module "Eagle," on display at the National Air and Space Museum.
NASA ID: link, LM-NOID-09
NASM Smithsonian Institute Archives: link
Apollo Program: Lunar Module (LM) production and names
The Grumman Aerospace Corporation was awarded the contract on November 7, 1962. Originally designated Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), NASA ordered 25 lunar modules (10 test articles and 15 production models) for testing and landing on the moon. This was to go with the 15 Saturn Vs and Apollo CSMs. They were assembled in Grumman's factory in Bethpage, New York.
"There were initially four major subcontractors: Bell Aerosystems (ascent engine), Hamilton Standard (environmental control systems), Marquardt (reaction control system) and Rocketdyne (descent engine).
The Primary Guidance, Navigation and Control System (PGNCS) was developed by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory; the Apollo Guidance Computer was manufactured by Raytheon (a similar guidance system was used in the command module). A backup navigation tool, the Abort Guidance System (AGS), was developed by TRW."
-Information from Wikipedia: link
After the Gemini 3 spacecraft was dubbed Molly Brown by Gus Grissom, NASA forbade naming spacecraft. For Apollo 9, this changed due to mission controllers in Houston needing a way to differentiate between the two spacecraft.
Between 1969 and 1972, Grumman produced a series of insignias for their Lunar Modules which were distributed in limited quantities to their employees in the form of decals and prints.
Apollo 5 (LM-1): none
Apollo 3 (and later 2) (LM-2): Never used, intended for a mission similar to Apollo 5. The success of LM-1 led to the cancellation.
Apollo 9 (LM-3): Spider
Apollo 10 (LM-4): Snoopy. The LM ascent stage in heliocentric orbit and is the only known one to have survived intact
Apollo 11 (LM-5): Eagle (originally named haystack)
Apollo 12 (LM-6): Intrepid
Apollo 13 (LM-7): Aquarius
Humorously, Grumman sent North American (the manufacturer of the Apollo Command and Service Module) a tow bill sometime after the crew returned. North American retorted back saying they've never sent them a tow bill for the previous missions.
Apollo 14 (LM-8): Antares.
Apollo 15 (originally) (LM-9): never used, on display the Kennedy Space Center.
Intended for Apollo 15 and was the last H-type mission. When Apollo 18 was cancelled, it was decided to make Apollo 15 the first J-type mission.
Apollo 15 (LM-10): Falcon, originally intended for Apollo 16. First of the extended stay series.
Apollo 16 (LM-11): Orion, originally intended for Apollo 17
Apollo 17 (LM-12): Challenger, originally intended for Apollo 18.
Note: this name was reused for the second operational Space Shuttle Orbiter. After the Challenger Disaster, NASA officially retired the name.
Apollo 18 (LM-13): never used, originally intended for 19. It was partially completed when Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled. Later restored by Grumman workers and is on display at the Cradle of Aviation History and Education Center.
Apollo 19 (LM-14): never used, originally intended for Apollo 20. It was partially completed when Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled. What was completed, was later scrapped.
Apollo 20 (LM-15): never used, partially completed, scrapped. When Apollo 20 was cancelled, it was intended for modification into the Apollo Telescope Mount. Later the Telescope Mount was integrated into Skylab and this dedicated mission was cancelled.
source, source, source, source, source
NASA ID: MSFC-69-MS-G-1300-27, S67-50927, AS09-21-3183, AS10-34-5087, AS11-40-5946, AS12-46-6726, AS13-59-8566, AS14-66-9306, AS15-88-11866, AS16-113-18339, AS17-140-21370
Cancelled Flights: Apollo 3, later 2 (AS-207/208, later AS-205/208) (Part 2)
Commander: James Alton McDivitt
CM Pilot: David Randolph Scott
LM Pilot: Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart
Planned Launch: August 1967
Vehicles: Saturn IB (SA-207 & SA-208, later SA-205 & SA-208), CSM-101, LM-2
"Planned Apollo D mission. Two Saturn IB launches would put Apollo CSM and LM into orbit. CSM crew would dock with LM, test it in earth orbit. Cancelled after Apollo 204 fire.
Before the Apollo 1 fire, it was planned that McDivitt's crew would conduct the Apollo D mission - a first manned test in earth orbit of the Lunar Module. Separate Saturn IB launches would put Apollo Block II CSM 101 / AS-207 and Lunar Module LM-2 / AS-208 into earth orbit. The crew would then rendezvous and dock with the lunar module and put it through its paces. After the fire, it was decided to launch the mission on a single Saturn V as Apollo 9. CSM-101 instead would be used to accomplish the Apollo C mission that Grissom's crew was to have flown.
LM-2 was modified to appear like the Apollo 11 Lunar Module "Eagle," and displayed at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.
When Schirra's Apollo 2 / AS-205 mission was cancelled in November 1966, the booster went to McDivitt's mission, and it was called AS (or Apollo) 205/208, or AS-258 (before Schirra's cancellation, McDivitt's was AS-278, because it used Saturn IB boosters 207 and 208).
-Information from Astronautix.com: link
source
Smithsonian Archives: A19711598000
The LM-2 Descent Stage being readied for tank installations.
Date: September 15, 1966
source
Lunar Module LM-2 being weighed upon arrival at the final assembly area before cleaning.
Date: June 4, 1966
source
Fastest display with MODULAR TUNING SYSTEM (MTS) connection. Switching AFR or Lambda display depending on the setting.
The “Sensor Gauge MTS” is an additional display for the Innovate Wideband Air Fuel Ratio series.
