How much sleep have our protagonists had in V8? How much time has passed since V7?
In regards to sleep, we’ve only seen four of our heroes sleep at all: Oscar, Nora, Penny, and Jaune. And only Jaune slept voluntarily, the rest were knocked out be injuries.
Presumably, Qrow and Robyn have had plenty of time to sleep, and Ruby, Weiss and Blake likely managed to get some sleep while in the manor. Probably in shifts.
In regards to how much time has passed:
The Volume opens some point during the day that began at the end of Volume 7. Chapters 1-4 take place during that day. Chapter 5 takes place during the night of that day. Chapter 6 sees daybreak of the next day, but as Chapter 7 occurs, Salem blocks out the sun around Atlas with a massive storm cloud, making telling the time by the amount of light difficult.
However, the moon and stars are visible in Chapter 8. This doesn’t really mean anything though: the moon can be seen at daytime pretty regularly in the real world. And only a scene earlier, you can see light shining through the windows of Schnee Manor, despite the power cut, indicating there’s daylight, however muted. It’s coming from the back of the manor, similar to the light at sunset in Chapter 4, so I would argue that Chapter 8 occurs around sunset.
But by Chapter 9, it looks like we’ve reached night time again.
Personally, I would put it at Chapter 6 = Daybreak, Chapter 7 = Daytime, Chapter 8 = Sunset, Chapter 9 = Night.
So, we’re on Night 2 since the beginning of Volume 8. It’s been roughly 48 hours since Volume 7, Chapter 8.
It’s been a busy few days, but they have had some downtime between big moments. We can only hope they used that time to rest.