In modern folklore, Frau Holle (or Holda, Perchta, Berta) endures as a complex domestic and seasonal spirit. Perhaps her most famous portrayal is in the Brothers Grimm’s tale “Frau Holle” (Kinder- und Hausmärchen, no. 24), where she is depicted as an elderly woman who bestows gold upon a hardworking girl while punishing her lazy step sister. Medieval traditions further reveal her dual nature: ecclesiastical texts, such as those by Burchard of Worms, connect her with demons while popular folk traditions consider her a household spirit and regulating domestic order. Over time, Holda became conflated with figures such as Herodias, Diana, and Perchta, linked to fertility, spinning, and moral judgment, winter, Yule and even the Wütende Heer (“raging host”).
Linguistic evidence traced Holda to the Proto-Germanic root *hulþaz—meaning “gracious” or “friendly”. However, the appearance of “unhulþons” (demons) in the fourth-century Gothic translation of the Bible, such as seen in Mark 1:34, suggests that Holda may be a figure with roots in the pagan past rather than a myth originating in the late Middle Ages.
The translator of the Scripture named Wulfila (c. 311-c. 383) used the term unhulþo (pl. unhulþons) as a lexical equivalent for Greek δαιμόνιον (with privative un-, meaning “malevolent being” or “evil spirit.” fem: “unhulþo” and masc.: “unhulþa” - Grimm, Teutonic Mythology P. 266). As the essay “Holda: Between Folklore and Linguistics” (Indogermanische Forschungen 113, pages 312-338) points out, Wulfila use of unhulþo suggests Goths were familiar with the term and had already been used among the Goths long before he translated the Bible.
The essay “Holda: Between Folklore and Linguistics” goes on to state: “ The existence of unhulþons tells us that the pious concept behind (un)hulþ- is ancient. The application of this term to the demons of the Bible demonstrates the strength and importance of hulþs to Goths as a cultural principle of daily life. That unhulpo, like Holda, was feminine (as opposed to the Greek demons the term translated) implies a continuity in folk belief, that is, a Germanic *hulþo that developed into Frau Holle. Whether this was an individual goddess or a nickname that could be applied to both pagan deities and Christian saints will remain unknown.” (P.334)