#reading.

[pinkponyflint]

library haul

[aotanaka]

“most of all, i hate you because i think of you. often. it’s disgusting, and i can’t stop.” - cardan greenbriar

&

“you really do want me,” i say, close enough to feel the warmth of his breath at is hitches. “and you hate it.” i change the angle of the knife, turning it so it’s against his neck. he doesn’t looks nearly as alarmed by that as i might expect. not nearly as alarmed as when i bring my mouth to his. - jude duarte

and that’s why fantasy!enemies to lover will always and forever be superior

[explicitlyrics]

AHHHHHHHH

[espresso-girll]

🤎.

[jenovacomplete]

Currently, the most popular “go-to” assessment for [self-injurious behaviours] in the autistic population is a Functional Behavioral Assessment or Analysis (FBA). An FBA is intended to develop and then test various hypotheses in order to eventually determine the “function” of a behavior, in this case self-injurious behaviors (Maurice, Green, & Luce, 1996). A Functional Behavior Assessment or Analysis is a method that is widely used in Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapy and is typically conducted by a Board Certified Behavioral Analyst (BCBA), in order to assume the function of a behavior. Applied Behavioral Analysis utilizes one very small subset of psychology called behavioral psychology or behaviorism as the premise for its treatment practices. The behaviorist movement began predominantly with John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner in the early 1900s. Behaviorists believe that all behavior is simply a reflex or reaction to our outside environment. These early behavioral psychologists insisted that what cannot be observed cannot be scientifically studied and measured, especially intangibles such as sensations, emotions, and thoughts (Myers & DeWall, 2017). The importance of thoughts, emotions, and internal processes became evident with the rise of cognitive psychology, which became more widely acknowledged in the mid-1900s. As a result, the principles of behaviorism that are implemented through ABA therapy do not take into account internal processes. Consequently, the FBA was designed to determine the function or cause of external behaviors by identifying external triggers or stimuli. ABA uses an FBA to try to determine the function of the behavior by using what is called “ABC”-antecedents, behavior, and consequences (Martin & Pear, 2011). An antecedent is stimuli that exists right before a behavior, and the consequence is what occurs after a behavior. For example, a child sees his friend (antecedent), the child runs to his friend and falls down (behavior), the child begins to cry (consequence). In this scenario, you can clearly determine one external function for why the child is crying-he is physically hurt. Now consider an actual case from clinical practice when a nonverbal child was asked to match photos of his family members. Every time he was shown a photo of his father (antecedent), he would throw the iPad (behavior) and thus he did not have to match the photo of his father (consequence). However, the real reason for the behavior was his parents were getting divorced and the father had just moved out of the house. Continuing with the chain of behaviors, the child avoids the task (antecedent), the behaviorist uses reward or punishment to make the child do the task again (behavior), and then the child throws the iPad again and becomes psychologically distressed (consequence). The cycle continues and as a result, the therapist continues to invalidate the child and exacerbate the child’s emotional and psychological distress relating to his parents’ separation. Now recall the first example, the child who falls as he runs to his friend may also be crying due to embarssment or shame, but this would not be an external, measureable factor and it no longer fits within the realm of behaviorism. Behaviorists might realize that the observable behavior is an expression of an internal process, but the understanding and treatment of the behavior is now beyond the scope of a behaviorist.

ABA therapists use an FBA to look at both the antecedent and the consequence of SIBs in order to hypothesize the function of SIBs. It is unclear why one would assume such an assessment/analysis would also be appropriate to assess the thoughts, feelings, and other internal processes that often determine the function of self-injurious behaviors (especially since we know this is the case for SIBs in the non-autistic population). Instead of approaching these SIBs and understanding them the way we understand SIBs in other populations, we have misapplied an FBA in an attempt to measure SIBs despite the fact that it cannot measure such a construct. This makes the assessment unscientific and methodologically flawed. Consequently, the misapplied FBA has sometimes obtained the same information and observation as the previously mentioned research (communication difficulties correlated with SIB), but the conclusions for the functions of SIB reached are varied, inconsistent, and without any scientific basis. Therefore, any treatment recommendations that are derived from an FBA should be considered unreliable since the assessment method in it of itself is unscientific, as it attempts to measure an unobservable construct, which is outside of the sphere of behaviorism and should only be performed by someone trained in psychology.

-> Treating self-injurious behaviors in autism spectrum disorder by Gary Shkedy, Dalia Shkedy & Aileen H. Sandoval-Norton

[lovelyporridge]

worked my way to my first angel number !!

[dolokhoded]

how race and al got together

(in canon era)

requested by @tarantulas4davey

this might be the last im writing for today because homework </3

but canon era race and al!!!!! they're gay

that's it. that's the whole thing, end of post.

ok no fr

race and albert are practically joined at the hip

never seen without each other

share a bunk whenever al stays at the lodge

for economical benefits

totally not because race likes to cuddle and albert has good arms for that

they've been friends for so long that they don't even realize when they started having feelings for each other

i've mentioned before that albert is really good with the littles and they just love him a lot

so that one night one of the little kids woke him up and told him he had a nightmare

and al hadn't realized he woke race up when he got out of bed but he took the little guy go have a glass of milk

they came back upstairs and he fell asleep squeezed between race and al

and race just saw how well albert could handle this and how he took care of this kid and when he felt him pull the blanket back up, making sure it was wrapped well around race's shoulders he just thought "god, i love him."

that was the last moment of calm in race's life because after that it was plain chaos

because out of nowhere albert suddenly got really attractive and as it seems being in love with your best friend isn't the easiest way to go

he's a total mess

cause he goes about 7 shades redder whenever al will casually throw his arm around his shoulders and he cannot stand to see his stupid smirk whenever he'll tease him about whatever and holy fuckin shit why can't he just kiss me already

that's his brain 24/7 after that

it's spring of '99 when they get together

albert and race are sitting on the fire escape when he tells him

"i'm gonna do it tonight."

race didn't understand at first

"i've packed my stuff, i'm leaving my pa's and coming to the lodge."

"for tonight?"

"for every night."

and so it happens

race is waiting right outside when albert bolts out of the house and if he blushed when al grabbed his hand as they ran to the lodge no one needs to know

and so they get to the lodge

adrenaline r u s h i n g

ralbert just loves to rely on adrenaline to get their shit together in everything i ever write jfc

and al pulls him into this big hug and even lifts him off the ground a little

they're both so happy that he's finally out of there jesus christ

so NATURALLY

guess what they do

lololol guess what happened after

they k i t h

they K I T H

albert just looks at him and he's literally like

yes i went to look for the simp emoji for this post

Y'ALL GOTTA HAVE AN ACCURATE DEPICTION OF AL SIMPING.

and he just fuckin smashes their lips together and race is like KAKTJSKYIWIYOAKYBWJ

but yeah <3

they're happy <3

and in the morning all the littles are rlly happy to see albert cause they didn't know he was staying at the lodge tonight

the not-so-littles have some interesting questions

but al doesn't care

he's got a boyfriend to cuddle

that's serious business, boys