23rd December 1761 saw the death of Alastair Ruadh MacDonnell, the government spy in the Jacobite camp known as “Pickle”.
Born in around 1725, the eldest son of John Macdonell (d. 1754), chief of Glengarry. He was brought up as a Catholic and sent to France while still a boy, where he later became a captain in Lord John Drummond’s Scots Royals regiment in 1743, when the French were planning to invade England under pretext of restoring the Stuarts, of which Jacobite clans like the Glengarry Macdonells were of course in favour. While in France, he met Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’), who had arrived from Rome to join the expedition, and stayed with him in Paris after the French abandoned the idea of an invasion. He visited Scotland early in 1745, in order to sound out political feeling there, but returned to France to warn that clan chiefs would support a rising only if backed by French money and arms. Unfortunately, by the time he reached France, Charles had sailed for Scotland to begin the 1745 Jacobite rising.
That autumn, Glengarry sailed with the Scots Royals to join the Jacobite army, but his ship was captured by the British navy off Deal and he was imprisoned in the Tower of London. On his release in 1747 he returned to Paris, where he lived in severe poverty, unable to obtain any financial help from either Charles Stuart or his father James (‘the Old Pretender’). On the death of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, who had become Colonel of the Scots-French Albany regiment in France after his escape from Scotland, Glengarry applied to succeed him in the command, but was turned down.
By the end of 1749 he was living in London, still extremely poor, and secretly trying to obtain permission to settle in Britain. A few months later, however, he reappeared, plainly now in possession of ample funds, and it is generally believed that he had somehow managed to steal some of the Loch Arkaig Treasure, gold sent from Spain to support the Jacobite rising in 1746, which had arrived too late to be of any use and had been concealed for the use of Jacobite supporters. Glengarry was accused of forging James Stuart’s signature to obtain this money.
In the 19th century, Scottish historian Andrew Lang was able to show that Glengarry was in fact a British agent, operating under the code name ‘Pickle’, and that he had been largely responsible for the betrayal of the Jacobite Elibank plot in 1752 and the subsequent capture and execution of Dr Archibald Cameron, Lochiel’s brother, in 1753. The British government seems to have had Cameron executed on an old warrant instead of bringing him to trial in order to avoid exposing Glengarry. He continued to act as a spy until 1754, when his paymaster, Prime Minister Henry Pelham, died, and he succeeded as Glengarry chief on his father’s death in September of the same year. He never married, and on his death in Glengarry in 1761 was succeeded as chief by his nephew Donald.
It is likely that he was recruited as a spy during his imprisonment in the Tower of London, and that he accepted the job due to his poverty and a sense of disillusionment with the Stuarts. He may also have had a grudge against the Camerons, as his brother had been killed accidentally by a Cameron clansman at the battle of Falkirk. He was never exposed during his lifetime and his role as a spy was only revealed by Andrew Lang 150 years later, after extensive research.