The Vuurmannen [Dutch folklore]
A vuurman, also called a gloeiige (literally translated: “a glowing one” or “one who is glowing”) is a character or a group of characters from Dutch folklore, though the idea can also be found in Scandinavian myths, among others. In Limburg (the Dutch Limburg, not the Flemish one), there are two villages called Venray and Bakel. As the story goes, a group of men from Venray set out one night to steal the boundary marker indicating the border between the two villages and set it exactly 1000 meters towards the center of Bakel, thereby increasing the surface area of the village of Venray.
The people of Bakel were not pleased and a feud arose between the two villages. When the harvest season came and both villages sabotaged each other’s celebratory fair, the people decided that this had gone on long enough. Both mayors, accompanied by a group of men from their respective village, set out to retrieve the boundary marker and put it back where it belonged. But the area between Venray and Bakel was a swamp covered in vegetation and ponds, and the people from Bakel could no longer find the exact location where the marker used to stand.
The mayor of Venray, accompanied by his men, stood next to the marker and claimed “we are standing on Venray soil. If we are lying, may God strike us down”. The mayor of Bakel knew this was a lie and waited for the inevitable bolt of lightning to deep-fry the men of Venray, but nothing happened, so they must have been telling the truth after all. So the two mayors shook hands and life continued as normal.
In truth, the people of Venray were cheating, but they did not lie. Before venturing into the swamp, they put dirt from Venray into their shoes, meaning they were technically indeed standing on Venray soil.
But their cheating did not go unpunished, and after death these people supposedly transformed into vuurmannen, flaming undead spirits that dwell aimlessly in the swamp. Their descriptions vary from floating flames or balls of fire (much like will-of-the-whisps in other folklores) to men whose eyes and throat and constantly on fire. In any case, it is probably not a fate to be envied.
The idea of people cheating with the location of boundary stones (or poles) and being punished for it after death is something that we see in several folklore stories from around the world, like for example the Croatian Krivomjeri ghosts.
Sources:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_gloeiende_kerels_en_kerkekruiers
https://kunst-en-cultuur.infonu.nl/mythologie/188849-vuurman-personage-uit-volksverhalen.html
https://www.brabantserfgoed.nl/page/8092/de-gloei%C3%AFge
(image 1: the story of the vuurman as told by the 1995 Flemish comic book ‘Suske & Wiske en de Vonkende Vuurman’. This is a picture of the book’s cover.) (image source 2: Arnold Böcklin, 1882)
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