How I learned Japanese - Grammar patterns
I’d like to briefly (turns out I lied, it’s fairly detailed) explain how I got to the point where Japanese grammar patterns are just part of life and I don’t really think about them. The most straightforward guides are Kanzen Master and Tae Kim.
That being said most Japanese textbooks will probably cover most of the grammar from N4&5. Everyone seems to like Genki, I’ve never touched it but it’s probably good.
That’s it, really. My Japanese teacher at my language school in Japan literally photocopies pages out of these books.
Make your flashcards as you read the book and do practice questions. Go to Google, type the grammar pattern + grammar and japanesetest4you will come up. Read those sentences, make your own and get them checked by someone (post them somewhere like HelloTalk) and then realise how pointless every grammar pattern past N3 really is when they tell you a more natural way of not using that grammar pattern.
Also, get some Anki decks.
Pay close attention to how things connect.
What verb conjugation has to come before? Can nouns connect? How to change words? Does nominalisation occur? What does 普通形 mean?
The first question in each multiple choice section in Kanzen Master tests your 繋がり so it’s probably important. Sentences often give away what grammar patterns they will use.
For example, if I gave you the question「お前しか____だろう」
You know it’s gotta be ⑵ because ない always comes after しか。In pretty much every grammar guide these will be written down so get those highlighter engines running!
So that’s basically how you pass N1.
Pay attention to what kind of nuance the grammar has
Some grammar points can only be used when something happens due to the speaker’s intent(意志的行為), some can only be used when things happen of their own accord(自発). Some can’t be used when the speaker and the agent are the same and so on. Kanzen Master has these nuances written down below so again, get those highlighters going!
Make it easy for yourself
Kanzen master is written in Japanese so learning the words that are used to explain other words is a good move. For example, “verb, negative form” would look like 「ない形」or 「否定形」and then instead of “ない but without ない,” you could just say 「未然形」now learning is slightly more convenient and your notes will be cleaner.
There are a lot of grammar patterns that use the same words, 「わけ」「限り」「こと」「もの」「よう」など are the common enemies. Make sure you can easily tell the difference. Take your time and really learn these. As a test, try to explain them to someone else. Try to pick up on the commonly used phrases within each of those widely used words. That helps heaps.
Use SRS! Programs like Anki and WaniKani will do this for you. Now you take way less time to learn a lot more!
Some grammar patterns are really useful in real life but sound odd if you were to write them in an essay
In witness whereof the parties hereunto have set their hands to these presents as a deed on the day month and year hereinbefore mentioned.
If anyone said this to you, you’d probably think it’s a joke.
The grammar patterns that are only used in either context will be marked as 硬い or 話し言葉. Similarly, there are some patterns that you would only use in certain contexts. Political speeches, advertisements, Japanese customer relations. This will be written as a warning but in fine texts at the bottom of each grammar pattern. You know the drill, highlighters! Maybe a different colour this time.
Be aware of what is not used in real life
When you try out your cool new grammar patterns in real life and people don’t react, that’s when you know you’ve got it right. That, or people won’t tell you when you’re wrong. Both are equally likely.
If you’re not sure, ask your friendly resident Japanese person if it’s 言うed. This’ll be edging more into speaking territory but be aware of how Japanese people use (or not use) the grammar that you’ve learned.
People love studying grammar - my thoughts
I get it, there’s formulas and you’re either right or you’re wrong. It’s easy to measure progress cause last week you were on 2課 and now you’re on 4課. And fair enough, the bulk of what you need for JLPT is grammar patterns.
However, if your goal is to pass the JLPT then maybe consider adding another goal but if not, then sure, stick to grammar.
If you wanna do uni in Japan then you’ll need N1
If your goal is to get better at Japanese, then put more time into something like learning 敬語 (respectful language) or making friends with Japanese people. I recommend, for starters, learning the N5 and N4 (I’m not sure but Genki probably covers most of these?) grammar patterns as fast as you can and then allot more of that energy into human connections while studying N3 grammar. Don’t rush into N2 grammar, they’re not used enough to warrant going in head on.
As for N1, being able to recognise the patterns is enough, don’t worry about being able to use them.