Works in Context

[worksincontext-blog]

Mozart: Requiem

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Requiem Mass in D minor, K 626 (1791)

Original title:      

Missa Pro Defunctis 

General notes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)

http://www.choirs.org.uk/prognotes/Mozart%20Requiem.htm 

http://www.classicalnotes.net/classics/mozartrequiem.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)  -  also includes useful information on the structure of this work

spotify:track:4DCacnNSn8bFsowmJioqUM  -  audio documentary in three parts about the composition and reception of the Requiem

Form/structure:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem 

http://www.studymode.com/essays/Requiem-Analysis-65048728.html  -  goto “You may also find ...” for a couple of other discussions of form

Scores and sheet music:

 http://ks.imslp.net/files/imglnks/usimg/d/de/IMSLP293694-PMLP02751-Mozart_-_Requiem_K626_-autograph_fragment-.pdf

http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/c/c8/IMSLP26746-PMLP02751-Mozart_Requiem_score.pdf

Libretto/text:

http://www.good-music-guide.com/reviews/055lyrics.htm  -  in Latin and English

http://www.lcc.uma.es/~ppgg/html/requiem.html  -  en latin y castellano

Other important or related works by Mozart:

 https://open.spotify.com/album/4pGztzjqiTN9LWTNEyH3CP  -  this, plus vols. 2 & 3, are probably a complete list of Mozart’s sacred works.

Biographies of  Mozart:

http://www.biography.com/people/wolfgang-mozart-9417115#death-and-legacy

http://www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/Mozartreq/main.html  -  in tabular/list format: not very elegant, but succinct 

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/mozart/guides/biography-part-1/  -  very readable first part of a series by Classicfm: click on final (red) line “Discover Mozart’s first concert ...) for next episode ...

Bibliographies:

http://www.aplvblog.com/2010/01/mozart-bibliography.html  -  a lifetime of reading here ...

https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/2940862  -  this book would have to be bought, or borrowed from a library

Other works by Mozart for same voice(s), instrument(s) or ensemble:

http://www.mozartproject.org/compositions/ca_01.html  -  list of Mozart’s masses

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

spotify:artist:4NJhFmfw43RLBLjQvxDuRS  -  just about everyone ...

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_for_the_Requiem_Mass  -  this concentrates on the Requiem Mass as a developing concept, and includes a list of notable compositions 

Discography & reviews:

 https://www.discogs.com/artist/95546-Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart  -  complete(?) Mozart discography (about 9000 items...)

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia8ceqIDSJw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5Y2B55nKZY 

spotify:album:7bMpvjE9r9KDv2prNYaVpg

spotify:album:5BVCfpBgtgGNuvb1TYUD5P

Midis:

http://www.learnchoralmusic.co.uk/Mozart/Requiem/requiem.html 

http://www.cyberbass.com/Major_Works/Mozart_W_A/mozart_KV626_requiem.htm

Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc:

http://www.mozartkugel.at/  -  ¡Dulces Mozartianos!

https://historyandartblog.wordpress.com/2016/01/04/anecdoteswolfgang-amadeus-mozart-part-i/ 

Masterclasses:

https://www.classicalmasterclasses.com/es/Mozart-Requiem---Masterclass-with-Prof-Colin-Metters-/19568  -  invitation to join a masterclass in Berlin, in June 2017

The wider context: films, videos, etc. about work and/or composer:

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_W-8p6UF4E  -  Amadeus: version en español

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaE466UVvX4  -  Biografía de Mozart en español

spotify:track:4DCacnNSn8bFsowmJioqUM  -  audio documentary in three parts about the composition and reception of the Requiem

http://www.mozartkugel.at/mozart/mozarts%20erbe?sc_lang=en

[worksincontext-blog]

Elgar: Serenade for Strings

Edward Elgar: Serenade for Strings in E minor, Op. 20 (1888-1892)

   General notes:

http://www.elgar.org/3serenad.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/elgar/notes/note_serenade.shtml

http://readingsymphony.org/ProgramNotes/Jan2011notes.pdf  -  see first page of three

Scores and sheet music:

http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/5/59/IMSLP43667-PMLP34331-ee001a.pdf 

Other important or related works by Elgar:

http://www.research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/List_of_compositions_by_Edward_Elgar  -  the complete works

Choral masterpiece: The Dream of Gerontius

Suite: The Enigma Variations (1899)

Symphony No. 1 (1908)

Violin Concerto in B minor (1910)

Symphony No. 2 (1911)

Biographies of  Edward Elgar:

http://www.elgar.org/2spanish.htm  -  ¡en castellano!

http://www.biographyonline.net/music/edward-elgar.html

http://www.research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Edward_Elgar  -  and much more

Bibliographies:

http://www.elgar.org/2bibliog.htm 

http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199757824/obo-9780199757824-0070.xml

Historical perspective:

http://www.research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Edward_Elgar  -  scroll down to “Reputation”

Other works by Elgar for similar ensemble:

http://www.elgar.org/3index.htm#chamber  -  selected works: for string ensemble, see first  box

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/4e60a56a-514a-4a19-a3cc-49927c96b3cb  - scroll down to “Similar Artists”

https://open.spotify.com/artist/430byzy0c5bPn5opiu0SRd  -  go to “Related Artists” tag

Discography & reviews:

http://www.instantencore.com/work/work.aspx?work=5023215 

http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/w/10118/medium-Download/3

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WhN_pjhHY8&list=RD4WhN_pjhHY8#t=43 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4XK0oF88hc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WhN_pjhHY8

spotify:album:3C8ID1XXWCw7ujgnbXZX7B  -  first 3 tracks, with much more

https://vimeo.com/5629427

Other blogs:

https://worcestercathedrallibrary.wordpress.com/2016/05/11/sir-edward-elgar-in-the-first-world-war/

https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog+edward-elgar  -  some of these posts might be of interest

 The wider context: films, videos, etc. about work and/or composer:

http://www.elgar.org/welcome.htm  -  all about Elgar

[worksincontext-blog]

Vivaldi: Concerto for strings and basso continuo

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741): Concerto for strings and basso continuo in A Major, RV159 

Original title:   Concerto in La maggiore per archi e basso continuo      

Form:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripieno_concerto

Scores and sheet music:

https://musescore.com/user/2298116/scores/1330011  -  1st movement only

Other important or related works by Vivaldi:

 http://www.naxos.com/person/Antonio_Vivaldi/22387.htm  -  brief biographical note that mentions some of his most important works, (many of them of course available on the Naxos label)

http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Vivaldi-Work.htm  -  “important” works, listed under various categories, including ripieno concertos and concertos for solo instruments 

http://dardel.info/musique/Vivaldi_catalogue.php  -  complete "Ryom Verzeichnis" (RV) listing

Biographies of  Antonio Vivaldi:

http://www.biography.com/people/antonio-vivaldi-9519560#musical-career

http://www.baroquemusic.org/vivaldi.html  -  colourful article about Vivaldi the baroque composer, and his Venice

Some other biographies (extracted from http://www.notablebiographies.com/):

Heller, Karl. Antonio Vivaldi: The Red Priest of Venice. Portland, OR: Amadeus Press, 1997.

Kolneder, Walter. Antonio Vivaldi: His Life and Work. Edited by Bill Hopkins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Landon, H. C. Robbins. Vivaldi: Voice of the Baroque. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Morgenstern, Sheldon. No Vivaldi in the Garage: A Requiem for Classical Music in North America. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2001.

Bibliographies:

http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199757824/obo-9780199757824-0080.xml 

Historical perspective:

https://global.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Vivaldi 

http://www.music-in-history.com/eng/vivaldi.html  -  scroll down to “Johann Sebastian Bach” for some details of his relatively limited direct influence. By the time his reputation revived in the early 20th century, it was too late to be particularly relevant to contemporary composition.

Other works by Vivaldi for same voice(s), instrument(s) or ensemble:

See “Concertos” in RV catalogue published by dardel.info, above (Other important or related works)

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

 https://open.spotify.com/artist/2QOIawHpSlOwXDvSqQ9YJR  -  click on Related artists tab

Discography & reviews:

http://www.musicstack.com/discography/antonio+vivaldi/page4 

https://www.discogs.com/artist/108566-Antonio-Vivaldi

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxmrZnk34kY 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xRVoTFW01o  -  this is listed as being in A minor, but is actually the A major, RV158

spotify:album:0UJhDzZKnRysNG2FBu9PCK

https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/vivaldi-ripieno-concerto-for/id376209010

[worksincontext-blog]

Galuppi: Concerto a quattro no. 2

Baldassa(r)re Galuppi ( 1706-1785): Concerto a quattro no. 2 in G major (ca. 1740)

General notes:

 Form/structure:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripieno_concerto  -  the ripieno concerto was also known as “a quattro); i.e. four instrumental voices

Scores and sheet music:

None found ...

Other important or related works by Galuppi:

 http://www.last.fm/music/Baldassare+Galuppi  -  in this case, what last.fm’s listeners have been listening to ...

http://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Galuppi%2C_Baldassare  -  this can function as a relatively complete list of Galuppi’s productiuon, though it doesn’t include the Concerto a quattro  that this blog is concerned with

Biographies of Galuppi:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldassare_Galuppi

http://www.last.fm/music/Baldassare+Galuppi/+wiki 

http://www.andreabacchetti.net/PDF/ENGLISH.pdf

Bibliographies:

http://guides.lib.fsu.edu/c.php?g=353115&p=2383523  -  scroll down on this page  to Brief Bibliography

Historical perspective:

Contemporary of e.g. Christoph Willibald Gluck, Domenico Scarlatti, Giuseppe Torelli and CPE Bach

https://global.britannica.com/biography/Baldassare-Galuppi  -  “Father of Opera Buffe”

Related composers and their works (period, movement, nationality or region):

See list of contemporary composers above.  

Discography & reviews:

https://www.discogs.com/artist/1088536-Baldassare-Galuppi 

http://www.naxos.com/person/Baldassare_Galuppi/22428.htm

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

spotify:track:314c3WQpyhS8czxDrzhNUU

https://youtu.be/3v2472TuyBs -  recording of all seven concertos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsZSQBQa0t4  -  as previous recording

Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc:

http://universalium.academic.ru/268745/Galuppi%2C_Baldassare  -  a variety of mostly shorter articles and dictionary entries that refer, sometimes merely in passing, to Galuppi 

[worksincontext-blog]

Corelli: Concerto Grosso Op. 6 no.6

Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713): Concerto Grosso in F major, Op.6 no.6 (<1712; published 1714) 

Original title:      

Concerti grossi con duoi violini e violoncello di concertino obligato e duoi altri violini, viola e basso di concerto grosso  -  refers to suite of 12 concertos 

General background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_concerti_grossi%2C_Op._6_(Corelli) 

Form/structure:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa  -   No. 6 is a so-called “Church Sonata

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa  -  short version of previous web-page, in Spanish

Scores and sheet music:

http://javanese.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/1/1a/IMSLP12130-Corelli_-_Op._6__No._6.pdf 

Other important or related works by Corelli:

The most relevant are probably the other 11 concerti, particularly the other seven of the first eight, the “Church Sonatas”

http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/corelli.php 

Biographies of Arcangelo Corelli:

http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/arcangelo-corelli-454.php

http://www.browsebiography.com/bio-arcangelo_corelli.html

http://www.last.fm/music/Arcangelo+Corelli/+wiki

There is also a good deal of biographical information in the first of the two baroquemusic.org web-sites listed below

Bibliographies:

http://www.geometry.net/composers/corelli_arcangelo.php 

Historical perspective:

http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxcorelli.html  -  wide and lasting influence as composer, violinist and teacher

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

http://www.baroquemusic.org/bqxcorelli.html  -  particularly Francesco Geminiani, Pietro Locatelli, Georg Friedrich Händel, Jean-Baptiste Lully 

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region:

 http://www.classicfm.com/composers/handel/music/handel-concerti-grossi-op-6/

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

 https://play.spotify.com/album/79Zlya0jDoDJrXKXCgyatc  -  scroll down to no. 6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIakY4qCGMA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_qTY2v4mmI

https://www.yourmusics.net/album/i-musici-corelli-concerti-grossi,-op.-6-260656.html

[worksincontext-blog]

Lehmberg: Suite de Danzas Andaluzas

Emilio Lehmberg Ruiz: Suite de Danzas Andaluzas

Scores and sheet music:

http://datos.bne.es/edicion/bipa0000073343.html

Other important or related works by Emilio Lehmberg:

 http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0499754/?nmdp=1&  -  most of Lehmberg’s production consisted of music for the Spanish film industry.

Biographies of Emilio Lehmberg:

https://algundiaenalgunaparte.com/2009/08/26/in-memoriam-50-anos-sin-emilio-lehmberg-ruiz/ 

http://wwwotrascosas.blogspot.com.es/2009/03/compositor-lehmberg-ruiz.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLagd5IR0Aw  -  a series of texted graphics about Lehmberg’s life and work, to the accompaniment, for some reason, of “Eine kleine Nachtmusikk”!

Historical perspective: 

http://www.historiadelasinfonia.es/naciones/la-sinfonia-en-espana/la-sinfonia-en-el-siglo-xx/lehmberg/  -  Part biographical and career notes, part a very brief overview of some of Lehmberg’s more important works.

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

Joaquin Nin: https://play.spotify.com/artist/4YMCPJcEW3o1fotejLKB8j  -  and other composers related to Joaquin Nin 

Discography & reviews:

 https://www.amazon.com/Lehmberg-Obras-Orquestales-Emilio/dp/B002WF26FI

This seems to be his only recording, which contains the following works:

Granada, Impresiones del atardecer, Suite Andaluza, Sinfonía

Prestoclassical.co.uk claims that:  “ Lehmberg is now thought to be a significant twentieth-century composer. Born in Malaga, he was the son of a German sailor who had been rescued off the coast of Malaga. His work is now attracting attention for its fine quality and promise of what might have been a most notable career. The music is filmic in places, and Falla-esque in others. Beautifully performed, this is a real discovery!”

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

https://play.spotify.com/album/4E8lcnXDpleXArqA5RxOgw  -  All the tracks of the recording mentioned above.

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=emilio+lehmberg  -  Tracks from the CD above, as well as several other works.

[worksincontext-blog]

Hoffmeister: Viola Concerto

Franz Anton Hoffmeister: Viola Concerto in D major

General notes:

 https://fedora.kug.ac.at/fedora/get/o:13626/bdef:Content/get  Master’s thesis that discusses in some detail both of Hoffmeister’s viola concertos; D major and B flat major. 

Form/structure:

 https://prezi.com/m-qqa9vgwz4b/hoffmeister-viola-concerto-in-d-major/  -  mildly interactive and informative web-page about this concerto.

http://www.viola-in-music.com/viola-concertos.html  -  All about concertos in general and viola concertos in particular, with a useful list of classical period viola concertos

Scores and sheet music:

http://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/viola-concerto-d-major-sheet-music/4636621?aff_id=50330&rows=10&sort=default  -  €23 approx)

http://imslp.org/wiki/Viola_Concerto_in_D_major_(Hoffmeister,_Franz_Anton)

Other important or related works by Hoffmeister:

 http://musicalics.com/en/node/79885  -  Complete list of works by Hoffmeister. The viola concerto is listed under “Concertante music”  -  Bratsche

See “General notes” above for the B flat viola concerto

Biographies of  Hoffmeister:

 http://www.naxos.com/person/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister/22174.htm  -  thumbnail bio (and Naxos recording, of course)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister

http://www.slacker.com/artist/franz-anton-hoffmeister  -  brief bio, with links to some other works.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister  -  ¡en español!

Other works for same voice(s), instrument(s) or ensemble:

 http://musicbrainz.org/artist/99aa0387-ae46-43db-9a1a-bbb035064929/works  -  Hoffmeister wrote quite a number of pieces for viola - mostly etudes.

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

https://open.spotify.com/artist/2TxIbIf3EiutjCRSkhDaDy 

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf#Concertos:_selection_of_best_known_concertos

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf

http://www.viola-in-music.com/viola-concertos.html  -  All about concertos in general and viola concertos in particular, with a useful list of classical period viola concertos

Discography & reviews:

http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp;jsessionid=82335C3590576D1D581D1AE366FD62B6?ordertag=Comprecom5459-587460&album_id=588327

https://www.discogs.com/artist/1919779-Franz-Anton-Hoffmeister

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances:

spotify:artist:2TxIbIf3EiutjCRSkhDaDy

 http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/99aa0387-ae46-43db-9a1a-bbb035064929  -  BBC own recording with the BBC Phil.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH3y-bZkloE

There are also several YouTube recordings of student performances with either orchestra or piano accompaniment; many of the latter cut most of the orchestral introductory passage.

http://www.mimp3s.uno/viola-concerto-in-d-major-i-allegro-franz-anton-hoffmeister-mp3.html  -  multiple performances of the viola concerto.

[worksincontext-blog]

Sibelius: Finlandia

The Jean Sibelius Monument in Helsinki

Jean Sibelius: Finlandia, Op. 26 (1899/1900)

General notes:

 https://finland.fi/arts-culture/finlandia-by-jean-sibelius/

http://www.favorite-classical-composers.com/sibelius-finlandia.html

http://www.sibelius.fi/english/musiikki/ork_finlandia.htm

https://pages.stolaf.edu/music242-spring2014/portfolio/finland-awakes-nationalism-in-sibeliuss-finlandia/ Scroll down on this page for a series of thematic excerpts.

Scores and sheet music:

 http://imslp.org/wiki/File:Sibelius_-_Finlandia,_Op.26_No.7_(orch._score).pdf  First page only: Finlandia is not in the public domain in the European Union

 https://www.totalsheetmusic.com/digital-sheet-music/jean-sibelius-full-orchestra-finlandia-score-508637/ This edition costs $9.00

Libretto/text:

https://pages.stolaf.edu/music242-spring2014/portfolio/finland-awakes-nationalism-in-sibeliuss-finlandia/ Scroll down on this page to the text that appears below the series of thematic excerpts.This patriotic hymn is not usually sung in concert performances of this work (outside of Finland)

Other important or related works by  Jean Sibelius:

 http://www.sibelius.fi/english/musiikki/kronologisesti.htm: Complete list of compositions.

The Kalevala: The Finnish national legend, from which Sibelius derived much of his inspiration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalevala

1892, Kullervo, a suite of symphonic movements based on a character of the Kalevalian epic poem:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullervo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullervo_(Sibelius)

Tone poem Tapiola: http://dustofhue.com/1999/04/tapiola/

Symphony for orchestra No. 2 in D major, op. 43 (1902): 

Symphony for orchestra No. 7 in C major, op. 105 (1924)

Concerto for violin and orchestra in D minor, op. 47 (1903-1904, revised in 1905)

Biographies of  Sibelius:

 http://www.sibelius.fi/english/elamankaari/index.htm

http://www.knightstemplar.org/articles/0307/Sibelius.pdf

Bibliographies:

http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199757824/obo-9780199757824-0040.xml

Historical perspective: influences on; influence of:

https://relatedrocks.wordpress.com/2007/10/01/the-sibelius-problem/ 

http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s9592.pdf  (47 pages; heavy going)

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

 http://www.therestisnoise.com/2007/07/sibelius-chapte.html  Scroll down to: “ Milan Kundera, in his 1993 essay collection “Testaments Betrayed", although the whole essay is worth reading.

Discography & reviews:

 http://www.classicalarchives.com/work/45268.html#tvf=tracks&tv=music

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances:

 https://open.spotify.com/track/5vWB9HbTnP0n6aXZpMqBiQ

https://open.spotify.com/track/6hrxmwz44El2T3C0X0DdY0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOSaT6U4e-8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YV0rgHhGn4: this is the hymn, sung a cappella by the Ylioppilaskunnan laulajat male voice choir

Spotify: related artists:

spotify:artist:7jzR5qj8vFnSu5JHaXgFEr

Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc:

 See biographical links: Sibelius was a very quotable composer

[worksincontext-blog]

A Ceremony of Carols

(Edward) Benjamin Britten: A Ceremony of Carols, Op. 28 (1942)

General notes:

http://www.musicweb-international.com/britten.htm

http://camra.stphilipsoconnor.org.au/ceremony_story.php

https://www.boosey.com/cr/music/Benjamin-Britten-A-Ceremony-of-Carols/5158&langid=1

Scores and sheet music:

http://www.sheetmusicplus.com/title/a-ceremony-of-carols-op-28-sheet-music/4163142?ac=1&aff_id=61215

Britten’s works are all(?) still in copyright, so no free sheet music is legally available. GGL “sheet music” for other suppliers of (payable) scores and parts. 

 Libretto/text:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Ceremony_of_Carols   -   Scroll down to Movements

 Other important vocal works by Britten:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymn_to_St_Cecilia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serenade_for_Tenor,_Horn_and_Strings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Illuminations_(Britten)

See also his operas: Billy Budd, Peter Grimes, etc.   -  some are listed here: http://www.ranker.com/list/benjamin-britten-operas/reference 

and of course the War Requiem: http://www.warrequiem.org/

Biographies of Britten:

http://opera.stanford.edu/Britten/bio.html 

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/britten/ 

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Britten

Historical perspective: influences on; influence of:

http://www.musicweb-international.com/britten/rob2.htm   -   basically a brief artistic biography, this mentions numerous influences on Britten, which seem to have been very diverse movements and individual works at least as much as particular composers.

 Other works by Britten:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Benjamin_Britten  -   complete list, according to Wikipedia.

Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

http://www.52composers.com/english-composers.html    -   Thumbnail sketches of 13 English composers of all periods (some more important than others)

http://www.musicweb-international.com/Mark_Morris/UK.htm   -   more than you want to know ...

  Discography & reviews:

 http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W2945_67946   Scroll down for list of other recordings and downloads

See also:  https://www.boosey.com/cr/music/Benjamin-Britten-A-Ceremony-of-Carols/5158&langid=1  -  already listed under General notes above

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances:

https://youtu.be/7CB2JOQkRBw   -   part 1

https://youtu.be/wRHZj7EhkbU   -   part 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=najoenZgZNQ

spotify:album:59CBlYu3nyoc7rqb0pMY2A

Spotify: related artists:

On Spotify, enter: Benjamin Britten - All results. Click on Britten (first disc thumbnail) Click on Related artists

Midi files:

http://www.cyberbass.com/Major_Works/Britten_B/britten_ceremony_carols_satb.htm

http://www.learnchoralmusic.co.uk/Britten/Ceremony%20of%20Carols/c-carols.html 

Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc:

Benjamin Britten: "The old idea of a composer suddenly having a terrific idea and sitting up all night to write it is nonsense. Nighttime is for sleeping."  

 Masterclasses:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwj3g0nLx7M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uPosMztVLU   -   Parts 1 and 2: these are basically about the harp; terrible acoustics

[worksincontext-blog]

Szymanowski: Nocturne and Tarantella

Karol Maciej Szymanowski: Nocturne and Tarantella, Op. 28 (1915) 

Original title:  

Nokturn i tarantela

General notes:

The Nocturne has mainly long elegant lines soaring high above the piano accompaniment, but also sometimes diverts off the pathway into a Spanish idiom (Szymanowski had recently returned from a Mediterranean journey), and is alternately languid and febrile. The Tarantellai s in a typically relentless Neapolitan 6/8 rhythm, with left-hand pizzicatos, double stopping and other effects.  It has impressionistic overtones redolent of Debussy and early Stravinsky, but is also pervaded with the flavours of the Middle East, similarly to many of his works. (from Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturne (what is a nocturne?)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantella (likewise)

 http://www.karolszymanowski.pl/watch-listen/chamber/nocturne-and-tarantella-for-violin-and-piano-op-28-1915/ - notes and excerpts

Scores and sheet music:

http://ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org/files/imglnks/usimg/1/11/IMSLP59685-PMLP122318-Szymanowski_-_Nocturne_and_Tarantella__Op.28.pdf

  Other important or related works by Szymanowski:

Violin concerto no. 1, Op. 35

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._1_(Szymanowski)

http://tarisio.com/lso-digital-exhibition/szymanowski-kochanski-benedetti/

 http://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Szymanowski%2C_Karol (list of works, though not complete, I think)

http://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/shostakovich-szymanowski-violin-sonatas

Biographies of  Szymanowski:

http://culture.pl/en/artist/karol-szymanowski

http://www.universaledition.com/Karol-Szymanowski/composers-and-works/composer/713/biography 

Historical perspective: influences on; influence of:

http://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/focus/celebrating-szymanowski-1882-1937-75-years-on      Both The Gramophone and Wikipedia agree that Wagner was a significant influence on Szymanowski 

http://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/20th-century-violin-and-piano-works      According to The Gramophone, Szymanowski had an extensive influence on much of Bartok’s music; here, the 1st violin sonata is mentioned as an example.

Other works for same voice, instrument or ensemble:

 http://www.violinist.com/discussion/response.cfm?id=21679  

This is simply a list of 20th century works for violin and piano. Google any that look interesting or relevant to download a set of links (enlaces)

E.g. http://www.sibelius.fi/english/musiikki/kamari_viulu_piano.htm     

   Related composers and works (period, movement, nationality or region):

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski

https://www.amazon.com/Lutoslawski-W-Complete-Szymanowski-Janacek/dp/B001SRXLRS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Panufnik              

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbMd33HVABo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBPj4p_3nd8     and several others on YouTube     

spotify:album:3x9WOLEN2wvLBr5dTLhZQD

spotify:track:337XZqDIXsgHIsmivXx4zi

  Spotify’s list of related artists:

spotify:artist:3WLh1Qe8WgEBbb2QJWYYal

[worksincontext-blog]

Haydn: The Creation; Representation of Chaos

Franz Joseph Haydn: The Creation; Representation of Chaos

Original title:  Die Vorstellung des Chaos

General notes:

One of the most famous numbers in the work. Haydn depicts Chaos by withholding musical cadences from the ends of phrases. (from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)#Part_I)

Franz Joseph Haydn took two years to complete an expression of this process in the form of an Oratorio. According to Christine Ammer’s Music Dictionary an Oratorio is “a musical setting of a long text for soloists, chorus, and orchestra. The text is often based on the Bible… An oratorio is performed without scenery, costumes, or action. The story is told through the music…” She later goes on to explain that most oratorios use a narrator to tell the story. This narrator is present throughout the piece and is used to connect the events to one another.(from: http://www.octavebox.com/featured-music/haydn-creation-representation-of-chaos/)

http://music.nebrwesleyan.edu/~cmatz/The%20Creation.pdf

ComposerHaydn, Joseph Opus/Catalogue Number: Hob.XXI:2 Movements/Sections3 parts with a total of 34 musical numbers Year/Date of Composition1796-1798 First Performance1798-04-29 (private performance) 1799-03-17 (public performance) Vienna: Burgtheater First Publication1800 LibrettistBaron Gottfried van Swieten (1733-1803) after the Bible (Genesis and Psalms) and John Milton's poem Paradise Lost Language: German and English Composer Time PeriodClassical Piece StyleClassical Instrumentation/Voices: 2 sopranos, tenor, baritone, bass; mixed chorus (SATB) Orchestra: 3 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (B♭, C), 2 bassoons, contrabassoon 2 horns (E♭, A, D, B♭, C, F, E), 2 trumpets (C, D, B♭), 3 trombones timpani, strings (from: http://imslp.org/wiki/Die_Sch%C3%B6pfung%2C_Hob.XXI:2_%28Haydn%2C_Joseph%29)

Form/structure:

Overture in C minor in slow tempo, written in sonata form

Scores and sheet music:

http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/9/96/IMSLP95486-PMLP40341-haydn_creation_fr_it1.pdf (Note: This includes all of Part One of the whole work...)

Related works by Haydn :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seasons_(Haydn) http://www.sussexchorus.org/music/HaydnTheSeasons.pdf

Biographies:

http://www.biography.com/people/franz-joseph-haydn-9332156#later-years https://www.8notes.com/biographies/haydn.asp

Discography and reviews:

https://www.discogs.com/artist/108568-Joseph-Haydn

Other works for similar ensembles:

http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Joseph_Haydn (Choral and vocal works) e.g: http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Seven_last_words_of_Christ_(Joseph_Haydn)

or: Missa Sancti Bernardi von Offida (Heiligmesse), B flat Major - 1796Missa in tempore belli (Kriegsmesse; Paukenmesse), C Major -1796Missa (Nelsonmesse; Imperial Mass; Coronation Mass), d minor - 1798 (these can all be GGL’ed)

Bibliography:

http://www.nndb.com/people/989/000091716/bibliography/ (this is probably enough to be going on with ...)

Related composers and influences:

http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/handel.php

https://www.quora.com/Classical-Composers-How-much-influence-did-George-Frederick-Handels-Oratorios-have-upon-Haydns-Creation?share=1

http://study.com/academy/lesson/classical-era-composers-mozart-haydn-beethoven.html

http://musiced.about.com/od/classicalmusicians/a/The-Beethoven-Haydn-And-Mozart-Connection.htm

The principal engineer of the classical style, Haydn exerted influence on the likes of Mozart, his student Ludwig van Beethoven and scores of others. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethoven_and_his_contemporaries

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/14/arts/music-what-haydn-taught-mozart.html

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube, etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyO4VqZP1k8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DptcCPnR0m8&list=PLxP_9C56Ce8CMVZN3dHf10kBrJXEnhI1d

spotify:track:5jAksHGPDyd3I2u8nTTd0o

spotify:track:6sItbXy76EK1Tktwxe3YLU

Blogs:

http://www.classical-music.com/article/story-haydns-creation

[worksincontext-blog]

Knecht: Le Portrait Musical de la Nature

Justin Heinrich Knecht: Le Portrait Musical de la Nature (1785

Scores and sheet music:

http://ks.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/6/6f/IMSLP372558-PMLP601629-jh_knecht_portrait_musical_de_la_nature_sym.pdf Original edition (1784); individual parts, some winds missing

Biographies of Justin Knecht:

http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Knecht-Justin-Heinrich.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Heinrich_Knecht. This overview also includes a (complete?) list of works, and of further reading

Discography and reviews:

https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/arts-culture/2012/03/01/33514/music-library-reviews-justin-heinrich-knecht-and-leonardo-balada/

http://www.mvdaily.com/2014/03/knecht-le-portrait-musical-de-la-nature-info.htm

Historical perspective;influences on, influence of Knecht:

According to Knecht entry in Wikipedia; “Le portrait musical de la nature, ou Grande sinfonie (Pastoralsymphonie) (Speyer, 1784–1785), modern edition by H.W. Höhnen in The Symphony 1720–1840, series C, XIII (New York, 1984) - this work was much admired and anticipates the programme of Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony

Spotify, YouTube, iTunes, etc. performances:

spotify:album:25B7CBRiyvHxad2OGHXYYU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrXp8zpdMv0

Spotify: related composers and  artists:

spotify:artist:08ZzzUbfnpDqxWASmq2kUn

[worksincontext-blog]

Muffat: Sonata no. 5 from Armónico Tributo

Georg Muffat: Sonata no. 5 in G major for strings and basso continuo, from Armónico Tributo

General references:

http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDH55191        For a helpful discussion of this work and its scoring, scroll down to the text section ...

Scores and sheet music:

http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/3/3c/IMSLP65092-PMLP132507-Muffat-Geo_Armonico_Tributo_Sonata5.pdf  Third and fourth movements only, for a slightly different ensemble than used by the string orchestra of the Conservatorio Superior de Cordoba

Other important or related works by Muffat:

http://www.classicalm.com/en/composer/1233/Georg-Muffat

Biographies:

http://perso.ya.com/constan0/musics/muffat_1.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Muffat

Discography & reviews:

http://www.classicalarchives.com/work/822334.html

https://oscarbatet.wordpress.com/2016/09/07/georg-muffat-passacaglia-armonico-tributo-sonata-no-5-for-strings-continuo-in-g-major-freiburger-barockorchester/

https://www.discogs.com/artist/1479242-Georg-Muffat

Related composers:

Spotify; search under Georg Muffat, subheading ”Related artists”

Historical perspective; influences on:

http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-history-composers-and-performers-biographies/georg-muffat

https://www.organ-biography.info/index.php?id=Muffat_Georg_1653

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxS21sFdc94

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CiIE6qfdc8

Spotify: Search under Muffat, Sonata no. 5 , Armonicp Tributo

http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDH55191    Listen to all five sonatas for free ...

[worksincontext-blog]

Holst: St Paul’s Suite

Gustav(us) Theodore Holst: St. Paul’s Suite, Op. 29, no. 2

General references:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Suite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Suite

Scores and sheet music:

http://javanese.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/3/37/IMSLP21160-PMLP48902-Holst_-_St._Paul_s_Suite.pdf

Other important or related works by Holst:

https://www.totalsheetmusic.com/digital-sheet-music/gustav-holst-concert-band-two-songs-without-words-536747/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Green_Suite

and, of course:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets

Biographies:

http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/holst/stpaul.php

http://www.gustavholst.info/biography/index.php?chapter=1

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/holst/

Bibliographies:

http://www.gustavholst.info/bibliography/

Historical perspective; influences on and of:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Holst: see sections “Childhood and youth”, and “Royal College of Music”

http://www.mtv.com/artists/gustav-holst/biography/ (Holst’s influence on rock music!)

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region:

Search Spotify for “English string music”

Discography & reviews:

http://www.musicweb-international.com/Ntl_discogs/British_orchestral/Holst_orchestral.htm (scroll down about two-thirds of web-page for St. Paul’s Suite)

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube etc. performances:

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=youtube+St.+Paul%27s+suite&atb=v35-2b_&ia=videos

https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/holst-planets-st.-pauls-suite/id303273684

Spotify: search “St. Paul’s Suite”

Spotify: related artists:

Edward Elgar, Peter Warlock, Frederick Delius, John Ireland, Richard Hickox, etc.

Midi files:

http://www.hamienet.com/midi31947_St-Paul%5Cs-suite-for-string-orchestra.html#sheetmusic_container

Soft edges (Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc:

http://www.gustavholst.info/journal/article-001.php?chapter=1 (heavy stuff)

http://www.gustavholst.info/

[worksincontext-blog]

Work in context:

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a

General references:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_cascanueces

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nutcracker

https://lasr.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/prognotes/tchaikovsky/nut-suite.html

http://www.nutcracker.com/about-us/history-of-nutcracker

Scores and sheet music:

http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/c/c9/IMSLP440279-PMLP08586-tchaikovskyNutcrackerfullscore.pdf

Other related works by Tchaikovsky:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_lago_de_los_cisnes

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_bella_durmiente_(ballet)

Biographies and other works:

http://www.fabermusic.com/composers/peter-tchaikovsky/biography

http://www.biography.com/people/pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky-9503375

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Ilich_Chaikovski

http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/Works

Historical perspective: influence of Tchaikovsky:

http://www.tchaikovsky-research.net/en/forum/forum0071.html

Related composers; period, movement, nationality or region:

http://www.52composers.com/russian-composers.html

https://cecilia-ibru.com/the-mighty-five-russian-composers-of-the-19th-century/

Similar or related works from same period, nationality or region:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Igor_Stravinsky (goto subheading “Ballet”

Discography & reviews:

http://www.musicstack.com/album/tchaikovsky/nutcracker

https://www.discogs.com/artist/999914-Pyotr-Ilyich-Tchaikovsky?query=nutcracker

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube etc. performances:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1nzCDUNf-0

https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/tchaikovsky-nutcracker-complete/id289158166

http://www.classicfm.com/search/?q=nutcracker

Spotify: just search under “Nutcracker Suite”

Soft edges:(Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc.):

http://www.classicfm.com/discover/music/more-inspiring-composer-quotes/tchaikovsky-quotes/

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/tchaikovsky/guides/tchaikovsky-facts/ (series of photos)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchaikovsky_State_House-Museum

[worksincontext-blog]

Work in context:

George Enescu: Romanian Rhapsody no.2, Op. 11     

General references:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Rhapsodies_(Enescu)

     Scores and sheet music: 

http://imslp.org/wiki/2_Romanian_Rhapsodies%2C_Op.11_%28Enescu%2C_George%29        Not in public domain. Can be read here, but should not be downloaded. Scores (partituras) can be purchased from various publishers listed here.      

Other important or related works by Enescu: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Rhapsodies_(Enescu) (no. 1)

 Biographies of Enescu: 

http://www.last.fm/music/George+Enescu/+wiki     

http://www.last.fm/music/George+Enescu/+images/0668c2e194fd422cc214fd6170c7197c (photos)

Malcolm, Noel. 1990. George Enescu. His Life and Music, with a preface by Sir Yehudi Menuhin. London: Toccata Press.ISBN 978-0-907689-32-4.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Enescu

http://www.enescusociety.org/biography.php

Historical perspective: influences on; influence of: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Enescu (pupils and influences)

Studied with Joseph Hellmesberger, Sr, Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré, among others

Other works for same solo voice, instrument or ensemble: 

http://imslp.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_George_Enescu (complete works)

    Related composers (period, movement, nationality or region):

http://www.last.fm/music/George+Enescu/+similar           

Constantin Silvestri, Mihail Jora, Ionel Perlea and Marţian Negrea, contemporary Romanian composers (Google them)

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Romania

    Discography & reviews: 

http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/w/70947/2

http://www.mdt.co.uk/composers/e/enescu-george.html

Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances: 

https://open.spotify.com/album/5OLiy0vscix5Fp87JxQROJ

https://open.spotify.com/album/063dgXCcXVU2aBxweR7SB6

https://open.spotify.com/album/7Lhwy93pROMBsBvMbziwgO

Spotify: related artists:

https://open.spotify.com/artist/7KKscZTeDLz1g0QthWCMQV

    Blogs: 

https://www.tumblr.com/search/Romanian%20Composer

Midi files: 

http://www.classicalarchives.com/midi/composer/2483.html 

Soft edges (Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc.):

http://www.georgeenescu.ro/en/ -  Enescu Museum in Bucharest

http://www.georgeenescu.ro/en/georgeenescu-ro-en_doc_20_george-enescu-biography-and-work_pg_0.htm

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[worksincontext-blog]

Works in Context

Work in context:

Ludwig van Beethoven: Egmont Overture, op.84

General references: 

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/music/ludwig-van-beethoven-egmont-overture/

http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Oeuvres_Presentation/Presentation-Overtures-Egmont.html

http://www.classicfm.com/composers/beethoven/guides/beethovens-music-egmont-overture/

http://www.allmusic.com/album/beethoven-egmont-overture-symphony-no-6-pastoral-mw0002840594

 Scores and sheet music:

http://imslp.nl/imglnks/usimg/2/27/IMSLP312962-PMLP02711-LvBeethoven_Egmont__Op.84_fs_BH_Werke.pdf

     Other important or related works by Beethoven:

The overture is the first of the 10 sections that make up the incidental music to Goethe's tragedy of the same name:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egmont_(Beethoven)

http://all-about-beethoven.com/overtures.html

Biographies of Beethoven: 

http://www.biography.com/people/ludwig-van-beethoven-9204862#early-years  

http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyLudwig.html

      Historical perspective: influences on; influence of:

http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Bio/BiographyMusicMasters.htm

It would be easier to list the late 18th and 19th c. musicians whom Beethoven did NOT influence, than those who owe a debt to him. However, prehaps Brahms, Mahler and Wagner come first to mind, followed by most leading composers all the way down the line as far as Arnold Schoenberg.

http://www.mfiles.co.uk/composers/Ludwig-van-Beethoven.htm (section on inluences)

Similar or related works from same period, movement or region: 

Goethe: Egmont tragedy - the basis for the incidental music:

http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1945?msg=welcome_stranger

https://sites.google.com/site/germanliterature/18th-century/goethe/egmont

     Discography & reviews:

http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/w/79093

https://bachtrack.com/find-reviews/work=12152

  Spotify, iTunes, YouTube; performances:

https://open.spotify.com/album/1F9ZbkEv4YTzotUNe2z8sp

https://open.spotify.com/album/3jEMWufUJgDpM1hCOgumaZ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cn-oYCzrlM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChcrZX2rZ1M

 Spotify: related artists:

https://open.spotify.com/artist/2wOqMjp9TyABvtHdOSOTUS

    Midi files:

https://www.8notes.com/scores/9485.asp?ftype=midi

     Soft edges (Anecdotes, trivia, quotes, etc.):

http://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/focus/a-meeting-of-genius-beethoven-and-goethe-july-1812

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