What therapeutic techniques are used to help someone unlearn things they internalized from abuse? Not trauma in general, or abusive behaviours that you picked up from them, but specifically internalized messages that your abuser taught you? I'm having trouble looking this up.
Very good question, anon. As someone with an abusive background myself, this is something Iâve had to deal with/try to figure out as well. There arenât any therapies tailored specifically to abuse survivors, but the main ones I can think of are CBT, Schema Therapy and psychoanalysis.
TL;DR: CBT is a good first port of call for any abuse survivors. Schema Therapy and psychoanalysis may be worth a try if your abuse dates back to your childhood/adolescence.
CBT is one Iâve had some luck with. Although its focus is mainly on the present and not the past, it can help identify unhealthy cycles of thinking or unhealthy standards that youâve internalised. For example, I had this internalised idea that I was never good enough and that my entire worth was based around how academically successful I was, because of the way I was brought up. My CBT therapist (who worked with an IAPT service) asked me to think of a real life person I considered to be âmore successfulâ than me and one who was âless successfulâ, and to place them, and me, along a line. To actually unpick what I really meant by âsuccessfulâ was really eye-opening, since itâs usually the sort of thing that isnât consciously expressed but lurks subconsciously, and it made me realise that the idea of âsuccessâ is much more arbitrary and subjective than my upbringing had led me to believe. CBT is good for writing down and making clear the thought processes that you might not be aware of in everyday life and therefore âredirectâ them onto a healthier path.Â
That being said, although CBT did help me unpick some of the unhealthy internalised ideas about myself that I had, I didnât feel like it completely addressed everything to do with my abusive background because the focus was on present coping mechanisms rather than the actual ârootâ or beginning of the problem (in my childhood). I havenât been able to personally undergo any therapy that has a more past-oriented focus, but Iâve heard both Schema Therapy and psychoanalysis are designed to look more towards the past.Â
I first heard of Schema Therapy when a talker (a BPD sufferer whose condition had been caused by a severely abusive childhood) at one of my classes mentioned that it had really helped her. Schemas, for people who might not know, are sort of like âpackagesâ of thoughts we have about the world. So, for example, my schema for a Kitchen might include the thought of an oven, a hob, a microwave, the smell of fresh bread, etc. We have schemas about everything, including schemas about ourselves. Going back to the success example earlier, my schema for success might include A grades, a high income, praise from my peers, etc. Someone elseâs schema for success may involve other factors. Of course, my schema for myself may include âunsuccessfulâ, which then means you need to look at my schema for what success is, so all the schemas are tied together and inform each other. Most of our schemas begin formation as soon as we can understand information about the world and store it away in our brains, so in very early childhood. As far as I understand, schema therapy looks at the maladaptive (unhealthy) schemas that are formed during childhood and tries to rework these, since schemas form our underlying understanding of the world and so a schema thatâs unhealthy from the get go has probably informed a large chunk of that personâs life and made everything built on that schema unhealthy as well. I think Schema Therapy is usually used to treat patients with personality disorders, but it may be worth seeing if you can find a therapist willing to work with you too even if you donât have a personality disorder.
Psychoanalytic therapy is something Iâm not particularly keen on, as I have my doubts about its efficacy. Itâs a bit of a opinion thing, though, since lots of psychoanalysts claim that itâs successful and that the current way of evaluating therapies just isnât suited to giving an accurate picture of psychoanalysis as psychoanalysis usually takes years as opposed to short-term therapies like CBT. As far as I know, psychoanalysis (and yes, itâs the therapy Freud originally developed) involves going back to your childhood and the relationships you formed with early figures, e.g. your parents, and examining those in a critical light. I believe psychodynamic therapy is a more condensed form, if youâd prefer not to take years to undergo therapy. :P
Only CBT is funded by the NHS, I believe, if youâre a UK citizen.Â
There are some other alternatives that I donât know much about. This link may help you. Sorry I canât help more, anon.
P.S. More generally, if you have PTSD/CPTSD caused by trauma you may want to look into EMDR treatment. Good luck.