VOM STIL ZUM PROGRAMM Friedrich Nietzsche und der Deutsche Werkbund
Abstract of my dissertation supervised by Prof. Gerd de Bruyn (Institute for Foundations of Modern Architecture and Design) and Prof. Klaus Jan Philipp (Institute for History of Architecture).
The German Werkbund took a leading role in the development of modern architecture at the beginning of the twentieth century. The organisation shaped the aesthetic appearance of the reform movements in art and life by overcoming the historistic vocabulary between social reform and nationalistic hegemonic ambition.
Though the founding of the German Werkbund brought together the cultural, economic and political developments of this period with the goal of an artistically informed transformation of daily life, including the aid of the industrial production process, its early phase of existence appears, until today, as marginalized in the historiography of modern architecture - especially by the main chroniclers of architectural modernism, Siegfried Giedion and Nikolaus Pevsner.
By contrast, this study attempts to reevaluate its relevance to the development of a specifically modernistic architectural language by visualizing the intellectual processes that led to the founding of the organization and influenced their programmatic focus in the first phase of its existence between 1907 and 1914. Although the question of the origins of modern architectural form at the beginning of the 20th century, appears â even regarded from today â inconclusive, the juxtaposition of traditional and progressive forces and the resulting productive friction must be considered as crucial for its emergence.
Through the evaluation of the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy on the life and work of the artists who founded the German Werkbund and the program of the organization itself, this study tries to add an alternative view to the development of early modern architecture in Germany. It focusses mainly on the artistic individuality as a driving force for social change and as main factor in the founding of the German Werkbund.
The investigation shows that the renewal of the modes of artistic production intended by the Werkbund referred not only to Nietzsche's ideal of an artistic life, which was deeply influenced by his view of ancient Greece and the Quattrocento, but also to Nietzsche's concept of bodiliness as main resonance chamber for artistic production.
This change of paradigms, which took effect in the artistic concept of the Raumkunst, reveals an alternative origin of modern architectural production in contrast to rationalization, serialization and mechanization.