Théoden had been king for almost forty years by the time of the War of the Ring, and he was growing old and weary. His chief advisor Gríma, who was covertly working with Saruman the White, continued to deceive him. Théoden might have been poisoned by Gríma. Théoden allowed Gríma to take an ever-stronger hold over him in the latter years leading up to the War of the Ring. Since his father's time, Orcs and Dunlendings had plagued Rohan; now, the battling Uruk-hai, who ruled from Isengard and were motivated by Saruman's desire, were causing him problems. Éomer, Théoden's nephew, succeeded after Théodred was gravely injured and slain by the Orcs of Saruman during the First Battle of the Fords of Isen. But Éomer lost Wormtongue's favor and was taken into custody. Théoden was initially against Gandalf's advise to oppose Saruman when he saw Gandalf the White, Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli. However, once he was freed from Gríma's influence, he ordered Háma to set his nephew free and fetch him his sword. Following Gandalf's guidance, Théoden moved forward to confront Saruman's army. But after encountering Ceorl on the route and learning of Isengard's might, he chose to ride to the Hornburg fortress instead, and a little while later, against overwhelming odds, he successfully defended the keep at the Battle of the Hornburg. After then, having cast off Saruman's yoke, he was known as Théoden Ednew, the Renewed.
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