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Two Lybian Jewish girls, ca. 1910s.
Challah cover from Volhynia, western Ukraine (left) and from Kurdistan (right), 19th century
Jewish traditions in Warsaw, Poland, ca. 1906
Post stamps depicting Ukrainian Jews, 2017. From the series "Minorities of Ukraine"
Traces of a former Jewish hat shop in Lviv, Ukraine.
On 1st July 1941, Ukrainian Nationalists organised a pogrom against the Jewish community of Lviv - one of Eastern Europe's oldest and largest. While around 150 Jews could be rescued by the Greek Catholic Archbishop of Lviv, Andrey Sheptytsky, thousands were rounded up on the streets, beaten, humiliatied and killed, with the remaining Jews dying in the notorious Janowska camp. In the course of the war, most of the architecture and infrastructure that sustained Jewish existence and culture was obliterated. Afterward, Soviet authorities demolished, commandeered or left to decay what was left over at the war's end.
Jews in Sa'dah, Yemen, October 1983
Jewish woman with a headscarf in Israel; 2012. x
It is customary for some Jewish women to wear a headscarf, called tichal in Yiddish or a mitpachat in Hebrew. This is a practice that dates from Biblical times and relates to the fact that the hair is considered by some Rabbis to be a part of the bond in marriage and thus, should remain covered when the wife is outside the home.
A Rabbi, Krasnaya Sloboda, Azerbaijan
Photographed by Nodar Djin, 1978-80
Jewish peasant family after the mushroom harvest, Russian Empire, 1920s
1. Ashkenazi woman with a Mizrahi street trader, Jerusalem, 1931
2. A book for Yiddish speakers to learn Arabic written by Getzl Zelikovitz in the late 19th century
As Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews living in Ottoman and British Jerusalem wouldn't have been able to survive speaking just Yiddish (their native language), many learned Arabic to communicate with the local Arabs and Arabic-speaking Jews. They started to create new phrases that combined Yiddish and Arabic, thus developing an own dialect. And while most of these fusion phrases have died out, some Hasidic communities in Jerusalem are still using them - there is "svoye svoye", derived from "shway shway" which means "a little bit" or "chill out" in Arabic, or "dzubbe", derived from "jubbah" which is the Arabic word for a man's festive overcoat.
The Jewish community of Afghanistan, ca. 1960.
Burial in the Jewish Cemetery of Veszprem, Hungary, 1986
Radical Zionist scouts (Betar) with Joseph Trumpeldor’s picture, Kovno, Lithaunia, 1925
Jewish blacksmith in Ukraine, 1911
Jewish wedding in Tirana, Albania, 1925
Albania has had a Jewish presence since 70 CE during the Roman period. Jews continued to settle in the country throughout the Middle Ages and Ottoman rule, erecting Castilian, Catalonian, Sicilian, Portuguese, and Apulian synagogues and eventually constituting one-third of the total population in the port city of Vlora. Most Albanians were not hostile toward the Jews and actively helped to hide them during the war, thereby risking their lives. Thus, Albania was the only Nazi-occupied territory to experience an increase in Jewish population during the Holocaust.
"Seven sisters" from Orgiev, Bessarabia, 1909
Jewish dervishes Agha-Jaan Darvish and his brother, patriarchs of the Darvish family. Tehran, Iran, c.1922.
“Because of its specific association with Sufism and its ensuing identification with Islam, dervishhood is an order comprised almost exclusively of Muslim practicioners. The two Jewish dervishes pictured here in this rare photograph are among the very few who had successfully been integrated into the order without converting to Islam. Like the Jewish practitioners of a traditional Iranian sport in the houses of strength (zurkhaneh) — a sport that is profoundly intertwined with Islamic ritual — these dervishes represent a uniquely Iranian hybrid of Judaism and Islam.
Each of the Jewish dervishes seen here is displaying emblematic accoutrements of dervishhood: 1) The cloak, an outward sign of his state. 2) A kashkul (begging bowl) often made of such materials as mother-of-pearl. 3) A gourd, a coconut shell, or carved wood suspended from the wrist by a chain. 4) A tabarzin (short axe or hatchet) carried in the right hand and intended to fend off wild animals or highway robbers. 5) A chanta (patched bag) slung over the shoulder to carry essential items. 6) Takht-e pust (skin bed), a small mat made of animal skin that served as his bed while traveling. 7) A long rosary.”
Photograph and caption from Esther’s Children: A Portrait of Iranian Jews, edited by Houman Sarshar.