The first times of the Republic
Origin of the Roman Republic, Casto Plasencia (1877)
In the year 509 b. C., the Roman aristocracy expelled King Tarquinius Superbus and established a republican government: two supreme magistrates in charge of directing the State collegially are appointed by the popular assembly. These magistrates assumed all powers that previously had fallen on the figure of the king; only religious functions were outside its jurisdiction.
Thus, a new era begins for Rome, which is marked not only by political changes but also social changes. At the end of the monarchic period, the seeds of social conflictivity still remained latent:
The patricians coveted hereditarily occupy key institutions. This closed caste possessed political, economic and religious control.
The plebeians were a heterogeneous mass with a variety of interests, and so, without a clear awareness of being the same class.
However, when members of plebeian origin joined the Senate, the situation began to become unstable. The external conflicts would not expect, since ancient Latin allies saw that Rome had weakened. But even worse: several plebeian groups which still supported Tarquinius threatened to revolt against the patricians.
But this changes later. When the Romans won the Latins in the Battle of Lake Regillus, Rome was consolidated with great force on the other peoples of the region, increasing its power. Soon after, Tarquinius dies, and patricians can breathe again safely. That’s when they begin to monopolize power, and class warfare is innevitable.