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@dhammajoti
I may have mistakenly mentioned the elements of 4 Noble Truths as the Noble 8 Fold Path. In spirit yes, literally no, please forgive.
The All Encompassing Lineage and Path
The practice, meaning, expression, usefulness, and fruition of entering refuge.
REFUGE
Taking refuge in the Buddha, the dharma and the sangha is something more than a ritual, wrote Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche. By taking refuge, we are committing ourselves to freedom.
I take refuge in the Buddha. I take refuge in the dharma. I take refuge in the sangha.
https://www.lionsroar.com/the-decision-to-become-a-buddhist/
PRECEPTS
The 5 Precepts
I will Abstain from taking life From taking what is not given From sexual misconduct From false speech And from intoxicants that cloud, and dull awakening
Modified 10 Precepts
From now on...
I shall not kill, Steal others’ possessions Engage in [wrongful] sexual activity Or speak false words I shall avoid the intoxicants From which many mistakes arise. I shall not sit on large, high, or expensive beds that promote laziness. I shall not eat food before my practice because doing so impedes wakefulness and samadhi. I shall avoid singing, dancing, and playing music unmindfully, And I shall not worship my body, but will investigate it’s reality fully instead.
May I quickly attain enlightenment And may the living beings who are experiencing the various sufferings Be released from the ocean of cyclic existence.
A Ceremony of Chanting Usnisa Vijaya Dharani
(1)Inviting the Triple Jewel from Ten directions "Namo to the all-encompassing Dharma realm of the universe, the triple jewel of ten directions and of the past, present and future"
Each line 3x "Namo Bhagavate Sakyamunaye Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Loka-vistirna-tejesvara-prabhaya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Bhaisajya-guru-vaidurya-prabha-rajaya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Pra-bhuta-ratnaya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Ratna-sikhinya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Su-rupaya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Vipula Gatraya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Abhayam-karaya Tathagataya" 'Namo Bhagavate Amrta Rajaya Tathagataya" "Namo Bhagavate Amitabhaya Tathagataya" "Namo Maitreya Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Great Wisdom Manjusri Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Great Conduct Samanta-bhada Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Great Compassion Aryavalokitesvaraya Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Maha-sthama-prapta Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Great Pure Sea of Bodhisattvas" "Namo Great Vows Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Dharma Protector Wei Tuo Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Guarding Host Bodhisattvaya" "Namo all Dharma Guarding Deva Bodhisattvaya" "Namo Usnisa Vijaya Dharani"
(2) Mantra of Offering "Om, Amogha Puja Mani Padma Vajre Tathagata Vilokite Samanta Pra-sara Hum"
(3) Recite the Usnisa Vijaya Dharani
(4) Recite any one or all the following (21-108 times) "Namo Amitabha Buddhaya" "Namo Aryavalokitesvara Bodhisattva" "Namo Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva"
(5) True Words of Universal Transference of Merits "Om, Smara-smara vimala Sara Maha Cakra Vah Hum"
(6) Transference of Merits (a) For individual prayers or prayers on behalf of a person. "May the merits and virtues accrued from this recitation, be transferred to disciple(s) [name(s)], sincerely seeking the blessings and compassion of the triple jewel from ten directions, so that my/our karmic obstruction can be eradicated, be healthy physically and spiritually, my/our wisdom deepened and quickly attain Buddhahood. At the same time, may all my (our) friends and foes (and the ones who have passed away [name(s)] be reborn in the good paths of Western Pureland." For use during mass gathering or daily recitation. May all beings and ourselves be born together in the Land of Ultimate Bliss.
"May the merits and virtues accrued from these deeds, be transferred to the true and unchanging truth, every mind is in accordance with the truth."
"May the merits and virtues accrued from these deeds, be transferred to the highest fruition of Bodhi, every thought is accomplished and perfect to the fruition of Bodhi."
(7) Tree Refuges "To the Buddha I take refuge, may all beings understand the great Way profound ly and bring forth the Bodhi mind." "To the Dharma I take refuge, may all beings deeply enter the Sutra treasury and have wisdom as vast as the sea. "To the Sangha I take refuge, may all beings form great assembly, all in harmony."
Attention! The merits and awesome power of this Mantra is inconceivable, and the effect is also inconceivable. Please remember to recite the Buddhisattva's name(s) and transfer the merits after recitation.
OM NAMO BHAGAVATE SARVA TRAILOKYA PRATIVISHISHTA-YA OM from all three realms the Excellent Transcendental Arya Qualified Destroyer Mother BUDDHAYA TE NAMA prostrating to you, the Buddha TADYATHA Like this OM BHRUM BHRUM BHRUM SHODHAYA SHODHAYA purify, purify VISHODHAYA
VISHODHAYA the Mother Who Sees With Equanimity ASAMA SAMANTA AVABHA SPHARANA GATI the Radiating Gone Mother GAGANA SVABHAVA VISHUDDHE the nature of the sky, the completely pure mother ABHIKSHINCHANTU MAM I am reques ng to directly ini ate me SARVA TATHAGATA all those to suchness, the supreme SUGATA VARA VACHANA the supreme sublime holy speech of Those Gone To Bliss AMRITA ABHISHEKERA I am requesting please directly initiate me with nectar MAHAMUDRA MANTRA PADAIH with the word mudra and mantra, please collect all and for all me AHARA AHARA MAMA AYUS SANDHARANI the mother who is holding all my life SHODHAYA SHODHAYA purify, purify VISHODHAYA VISHODHAYA purify well, purify well GAGANA SVABHAVA VISHUDDHE the nature of the sky, completely pure mother USHNISHA VIJAYA PARISHUDDHE crown Namgyalma, completely pure mother SAHASRA RASMI SANCHODITE the mother who is sending thousands of beams SARVA TATHAGATA AVALOKINI gone to the suchness, the Mother who Sees All SHAT PARAMITA PARIPURANI the mother who completed the six gone beyonds SARVA TATHAGATA MATE the mother of all the Ones Gone to Suchness DASHA BHUMI PRATISHTHITE the mother who is abiding in the ten bhumis SARVA TATHAGATA HRIDAYA the essence of all Those Gone to Suchness ADHISHTHANA ADHISHTHITE who is blessed and who is blessing MUDRE MUDRE MAHAMUDRE seal, seal, the great seal VAJRA KAYA SAMHATANA PARISHUDDHE mother in the vajra holy body, completely purified one SARVA KARMA AVARANA VISHUDDHE mother who has completely purified all the karmic obscurations PRATINIVARTAYA MAMA AYUR again, please receive my life VISHUDDHE SARVA TATHAGATA one of all the Gone To Suchness Ones’ samaya SAMAYA ADHISHTHANA ADHISHTHITE the mother who took the pledge and blessed the blessing one OM MUNE MUNE MAHA MUNE mighty, mighty, The Great Mighty One VIMUNE VIMUNE MAHA VIMUNE the control aspect, the control aspect, the great control aspect MATI MATI MAHA MATI wisdom, wisdom, the great wisdom MAMATI SUMATI TATHATA my wisdom, wisdom deep only suchness BHUTAKOTI PARISHUDDHE the extreme of complete purity is the Mother Of The Completely Purified VISPHUTA BUDDHI SHUDDHE the wisdom is the completely pure mother HE HE JAYA JAYA victorious is victorious VIJAYA VIJAYA completely victorious, completely victorious SMARA SMARA remembrance, remembrance, increasing, increasing SPHARA SPHARA SPHARAYA SPHARAYA develop, develop, the Buddha is SARVA BUDDHA ADHISHTHANA ADHISHTHITE the blessing of all, the blessing mother SHUDDHE SHUDDHE the pure mother, the fully pure mother BUDDHE BUDDHE Buddha vajra, vajra mother VAJRE VAJRE MAHA VAJRE the Great Vajra Mother, purified SUVAJRE VAJRA GARBHE JAYA GARBHE the essence vajra, the heart of The Victorious One VIJAYA GARBHE the Heart Mother of the Completely Victorious One VAJRA JVALA GARBHE the Heart Mother of Vajra Flame VAJRODBHAVE mother where the nature of vajra is VAJRA SAMBHAVE VAJRE VAJRINI the mother having wisdom, the vajra mother VAJRAM BHAVANTU MAMA SHARIRAM the vajra body given by all sentient beings SARVA SATTVANAN CHHA KAYA PARISHUDDHIR BHAVANTU please make the body be completely purified, even all mysuperstitions ME SADA SARVA GATI PARISHUDDHI SHCHHA please make completely pure these all the me SARVA TATHAGATA SHCHHA even by all the Ones Gone To Suchness MAM SAMAS VASAYANTU I am requesting you to give breath to us BUDDHYA BUDDHYA mother who is atained SIDDHYA SIDDHYA BODHAYA BODHAYA realize, realize, realized aspect VIBODHAYA VIBODHAYA actualized aspect and liberate MOCHAYA MOCHAYA VIMOCHAYA VIMOCHAYA liberate and liberate completely SHODHAYA SHODHAYA purify, purify VISHODHAYA VISHODHAYA neatly purify, neatly purify SAMANTENA MOCHAYA MOCHAYA liberate completely and liberate SAMANTA RASMI PARISHUDDHE the mother who is a completely pure beam all the time SARVA TATHAGATA HRIDAYA the Essence of All Gone As It Is ADHISHTHANA ADHISHTHITE the mother who is blessed by blessing MUDRE MUDRE MAHA MUDRE seal, seal, great seal MAHA MUDRA MANTRA PADAIH SVAHA establish the base by the great seal,
The words of the secret mantra OM BHRUM SVAHA OM AMRITA AYUR DADAI SVAHA the Mother who is granting immortal life OM AH HUM TRAM HRIH AM AH MAM SARVA SATTVAMSHCHHA RAKSHA RAKSHA KURU SVAHA establish the base, myself and all sentient beings to be protected.
Background History
The Sutra of The Supreme Sacrosanct Dharani From The Buddha's Summit (Tripitaka No. 967) Translated during the Tang Dynasty by Buddhapala
Thus I have heard, at one time, the Bhagavan (World Honored One) was dwelling in the city of Shravasti at the Jeta Grove, in the Garden of the Benefactor of Orphans and the Solitary (Anathapindika), together with his regular disciples of twelve hundred and fifty great Bhikshus and twelve thousand Maha Bodhisattvas Sangha in all.
At that time the devas in Trayastrimsha Heaven were also having a gathering in the Good Dharma Hall. Among them was a devaputra by the name of Susthita who, together with the other great devaputras, was frolicking in the garden and courtyard, enjoying in the supremely wonderful bliss of heavenly life. Surrounded by devis they were extremely happy - singing, dancing and entertaining themselves.
Soon after nightfall, Devaputra Susthita suddenly heard a voice in space saying, "Devaputra Susthita, you have only seven days left to live. After death, you will be reborn in Jambudvipa (Earth) as an animal for seven successive lives. Then you will fall into the hells to undergo more sufferings. Only after fulfilling your karmic retribution will you be reborn in the human realm, but to a humble and destitute family, while in the mother's womb you will be without eyes and born blind."
On hearing this, Devaputra Susthita was so terrified that his hair stood on end. Tormented and distressed, he rushed over to the palace of Lord Sakra. Bursting into tears and not knowing what else to do, he prostrated himself at the feet of Lord Sakra, telling Lord Sakra of what had happened.
"As I was enjoying the frolic of dance and songs with the heavenly devis, I suddenly heard a voice in space telling me that I had only seven days left, and that I would fall into Jambudvipa after death, remaining there in the animal realm for seven successive lives. Following that, I would fall into the various hells to endure greater sufferings. Only after my karmic retribution had been fulfilled would I reborn as a human, and even then I would be born without eyes in a poor and disreputable family. Lord of Heaven, how can I escape from such sufferings?"
Lord Sakra immediately calmed his mind to enter Samadhi and made careful observations. Instantly, he saw that Susthita would undergo seven successive evil paths in the forms of a pig, dog, jackal, monkey, python, crow and vulture, all feeding on filth and putrescence.
Having seen the seven future rebirth forms of Devaputra Susthita, Lord Sakra was shattered and was filled with great sorrow, but could not think of any way to help Susthita. He felt that only the Tathagata, Arhate, Samyak-sambuddha could save Susthita from falling into the great sufferings of evil destines.
Thus, soon after nightfall that very day, Lord Sakra prepared various types of flower wreaths, perfume and incense. Adorning himself with fine Deva garments and bearing these offerings, Lord Sakra made his way to the garden of Anathapindika, abode of the World Honored One. Upon arrival, Lord Sakra first prostrated himself at the Buddha's feet in reverence, then circumambulated the Buddha seven times clockwise in worship, before laying out his great Puja (offerings). Kneeling in front of the Buddha, Lord Sakra described the future destiny of Devaputra Susthita who would soon fall into the evil paths with seven successive rebirths in the animal realm with details of his subsequent retribution.
Instantly, the usnisa (crown of the head) of the Tathagata radiated multiple rays of light, illuminating the world in all ten directions, the light then returned, circling the Buddha three times before entering His mouth. Then the Buddha smiled and said to Lord Sakra, "Lord of Heaven, there is a Dharani known as the 'Usnisa Vijaya Dharani'. It can purify all evil paths, completely eliminating all sufferings of birth and death. It can also liberate all miseries and sufferings of beings in the realms of hell, King Yama and animal, destroy all the hells, and transfer sentient beings onto the virtuous path."
"Lord of Heaven, if one hears this Usnisa Vijaya Dharani once, all the bad karma incurred from his previous lives that should cause him to fall into hells will be destroyed altogether. He will instead acquire a fine and pure body. Wherever he is reborn, he will clearly remember the Dharani - from one Buddhahood to another, from one heavenly realm to another heavenly realm. Indeed, throughout the Trayastrimsha Heaven, wherever he is reborn, he will not forget."
"Lord of Heaven, if someone at death's door recalls this divine Dharani, even for just a moment, his lifespan will be extended and he will acquire purification of body, speech and mind. Without suffering any physical pain and in accordance with his meritorious deeds, he will enjoy tranquility everywhere. Receiving blessings from all the Tathagatas, and constantly guarded by devas and protected by Bodhisattvas, he will be honored and respected by people, and all the evil hindrances will be eradicated."
"Lord of Heaven, if anyone can sincerely read or recite this Dharani even for a short period of time, all his karmic retribution which would lead him to suffer in the hells, the animal realm, the realm of King Yama and the hungry ghost realm, will be completely destroyed and eradicated without leaving any trace. He will be free to go to any of the Buddhas' Pure lands and heavenly palace; all gateways leading to the Bodhisattvas' abode are open to him unobstructed."
After hearing the above discourse, Lord Sakra immediately appealed to the Buddha, "For the sake of all sentient beings, may the World Honored One kindly give a discourse on how one's lifespan can be lengthened."
The Buddha was aware of Lord Sakra's intention and his eagerness to hear His discourse on this Dharani and so immediately proclaimed the Mantra thus. Then the Buddha told Lord Sakra, "The above Mantra is known as the 'Purifying All Evil Paths' Usnisa Vijaya Dharani'. It can eliminate all evil karmic hindrances and eradicate the suffering of all evil paths."
"Lord of Heaven, this great Dharani is proclaimed together by Buddhas as numerous as eighty-eight kotis (hundred million) of the grains of sand of the Ganges River. All Buddhas rejoice and uphold this Dharani that is verified by the wisdom seal of the Maha Vairocana Tathagata. This is because in the evil paths, to liberate them from painful retribution in hell, animal and King Yama's realms; to deliver beings facing immediate danger of falling into the sea of birth and death (samsara); to assist helpless beings with short life spans and poor fortune and to deliver beings who like to commit all kinds of evil deeds. Moreover, because of its dwelling and being upheld in the Jambudvipa world, the power manifested by this Dharani would cause all beings in hells and other evil realms; those with poor fortune and revolving in the cycles of birth and death; those not believing in the existence of good and evil deeds and are deviated from the proper path, to attain deliverance."
Again Buddha reminded Lord Sakra, "I now entrust this divine Dharani to you. you should in turn transmit it to Devaputra Susthita. In addition, you yourself should receive and uphold it, recite, contemplate and treasure it, memories and revere it. This Dharani Mudra should be widely proclaimed to all beings in the Jambu-dvipa world. I also entrust this to you, for the benefit of all heavenly beings, that this Dharani Mudra should be proclaimed. Lord of Heaven, you should diligently uphold and protect it, never letting it to be forgotten or lost."
"Lord of Heaven, if someone hears this Dharani even for just a moment, he will not undergo karmic retribution from the evil karma and severe hindrances accumulated from thousands of kalpas ago, that would otherwise cause him to revolve in the cycles of birth and death - in all kinds of life forms in the evil paths - hell, hungry ghost, animal, realm of King Yama, Asuras, Yaksa, Raksasa, ghosts and spirits, Putana, Kataputana, Apasmara, mosquitoes, gnats, tortoises, dogs, pythons, birds, ferocious animals, crawling creatures and even ants and other life forms. Owing to the merits accrued from hearing for a moment this Dharani, once this very life is over, he will be reborn in the Buddha lands, together with all the Buddhas and Ekajati-pratibaddha Bodhisattvas, or in a distinguished Brahmin or Ksatriya family, or in some other wealthy and reputable family. Lord of Heaven, this man can be reborn in one of the above-mentioned prosperous and reputable families simply because he has heard this Dharani, and hence be reborn in a pure place."
"Lord of Heaven, even acquiring the most victorious Bodhimanda is a result of praising the meritorious virtues of this Dharani. Hence, this Dharani is also known as the Auspicious Dharani, which can purify all evil paths. This Usnisa Vijaya Dharani is like a Treasury of Sun Mani Pearl -pure and flawless, clear as space, its brilliance illuminating and all-pervading. If any beings uphold this Dharani, likewise will they be bright and pure. This Dharani is similar to the Jambunada gold - bright, pure, and soft, can not be tainted by filth and well-liked by all who see it. Lord of Heaven, beings who uphold this Dharani are just as pure. By virtue of this pure practice, they will be reborn in the good paths."
"Lord of Heaven, where this Dharani dwells, if it is written for distribution, propagated, received and upheld, read and recited, heard and revered, this will cause all evil paths to be purified; miseries and sufferings in all hells will be completely eradicated."
Buddha again told Lord Sakra cautiously, "If someone could write this Dharani and place It on the top of a tall banner, high mountain or in a tall building or even keep It in a stupa; Lord of Heaven! If there are Bhikshus or Bhiksunis, Upasakas or Upasikas, laymen or laywomen who have seen this Dharani atop the above structures; or if the shadows of these structures should fall on beings who come near to the structures, or particles of dust from the written Dharani are blown onto their bodies; Lord of Heaven: Should the accumulated evil karma of these beings cause them to fall into the evil paths such as realms of hell, animal, King Yama, hungry ghost, Asura and other, they will all be spared from the evil paths, and they will not be tainted with filth and defilement. Lord of Heaven! Instead, all Buddhas will bestow predictions (Vyakarana) onto these beings who will never regress from the path to Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi (complete enlightenment)."
"Lord of Heaven, let alone if one makes various offerings of flower wreaths, perfumes, incense, banners and flags, canopies decorated with gems, clothing, necklaces of precious stones, etc, to adorn and honor this Dharani; and at major routes, if one builds special stupas to house this Dharani, then most respectfully with palms together circumambulates the pagoda, bowing and taking refuge, Lord of Heaven, those who make such offerings are called the great Mahasattvas, Buddha's true disciples, and the pillars of Dharma. Such stupas will be regarded as the Tathagata's complete body sharira-stupa."
At that time, in the early part of the night, the ruler of the Hell Realm - King Yama. came to the abode of the Buddha. First, using various Deva garments, beautiful flowers, perfumes and other adornments, he made offerings to the Buddha, then circumambulated the Buddha seven times before prostrating himself at the feet of the Buddha in reverence, saying, "I heard that the Tathagata was giving a discourse in praise of upholding the powerful Dharani; I have come with the intention to learn and cultivate it. I shall constantly guard and protect those who uphold, read and recite this powerful Dharani, not allowing them to fall into hell because they have followed the teachings of the Tathagata."
At this time, the four Guardians of the world - the Caturmaharajas (Four Heavenly Kings) circumambulated the Buddha three times, and most respectfully said, " World Honored One, may the Tathagata kindly explain in detail the way to uphold this Dharani."
The Buddha then told the Four Heavenly Kings, "Please listen attentively, for your benefit as well as for the benefit of all beings with short life spans, I will now explain the method to uphold this Dharani. On a full-moon day - the 15th day of the lunar month, one should first bathe oneself and put on new clothes, uphold the profound precepts and recite this Dharani a 1000 times. This will cause one to lengthen one's lifespan, and be permanently free from the sufferings of illness; all one's karmic hindrances will be completely eradicated. One will also be liberated from suffering in hell. If birds, animals and other sentient beings hear this Dharani once, they will never again be reborn in these impure and gross body forms once their lives have ended."
The Buddha continued, "If someone from a serious disease hears this Dharani, he will be free from the disease. All other illnesses will also be eradicated, so too will the evil karma that will cause him to fall into the evil paths. He will be reborn in the Land of Ultimate Bliss after the end of his life. From then onwards he will no longer be born from the womb. Instead, wherever he is reborn, he will be born transformed from the lotus flower and would always remember and uphold this Dharani and gain knowledge of his past lives.
The Buddha added, "If someone has committed all the severe evil deeds before his death, according to his sinful deeds, he ought to fall into one of these realms of hell, animals, King Yama or hungry ghosts, or even into the big Avichi Hells, or be reborn as an aquatic creature, or in one of the many forms of birds and animals. If someone could obtain part of the skeleton of the deceased, and holding a fistful of soil, chant this Dharani 21 times before scattering the soil over the bones, then the deceased will be reborn in heaven."
The Buddha further added, "If one can chant this Dharani 21 times daily, one is worthy of accepting all the immense worldly offerings and will be reborn in the Land of Ultimate Bliss after one's death. If one chants this Dharani constantly, one will attain Maha Parinirvana and be able to lengthen one's lifespan besides enjoying the most extraordinary bliss. After one's life is over, one will reborn in any of the wonderful Buddha lands, in constant company of the Buddhas. All Tathagatas will always give discourses on the profound and wonderful truth of Dharma and all World Honored Ones will bestow predictions of enlightenment upon one. The light illuminating from one's body will pervade all Buddha lands."
The Buddha further explained, "To recite this Dharani, one should first, in front of the Buddha's image, use some clean soil to construct a square Mandala, the size according to one's wish. On top of the Mandala one should spread different kinds of grass, flowers and burn different kinds of quality incense. Then kneeling down with the right knee on the floor, mindfully reciting the Buddha's name and with the hands in the Mudrani symbol, (i.e. each hand bending the forefinger before and pressing it down with the thumb and placing both palms together before the chest) in reverence, one should recite this Dharani 108 times. The showers of flowers would rain down from the clouds and would thus be universally made as offerings to Buddhas as numerous as the grains of sand of eighty- eight million Ganges Rivers. These Buddhas will simultaneously praise, "Excellent! Rare indeed! A Buddha's true disciple! " One will instantly attain Unobstructed Wisdom Samadhi and the Great Bodhi Mind Adorned Samadhi. Thus is the way to uphold this Dharani."
The Buddha again exhorted Lord Sakra, saying, "Lord of Heaven, the Tathagata uses this expedient means to deliver beings who would otherwise have fallen into hells; to purify all evil paths and to lengthen the life-spans of those who uphold this Dharani. Lord of Heaven, please go back and transmit this Dharani to Devaputra Susthita. After seven days, come to see me with Devaputra Susthita."
Thus, at the abode of the World Honored One, the Lord of Heaven respectfully received this Dharani practice and returned to his heavenly palace to convey it to Devaputra Susthita."
Having received this Dharani, Devaputra Susthita kept to the practice as instructed for six days and six nights, after which all his wishes were completely fulfilled. The karma which should have led him to suffer in all the evil paths were all eradicated. He would remain on the Bodhi Path and increase his lifespan for an immeasurable period of time. Thus, he was extremely delighted, exclaiming aloud in praise, "Extraordinary Tathagata! What a rare and wonderful Dharma! Its efficacy explicitly verified! Rare indeed! Truly I have thus obtained deliverance!"
When the seven days were over, Lord Sakra brought Devaputra Susthita, together with other heavenly beings, respectfully bearing excellent and wonderful adornment of flower-wreaths, perfumes, incense, jeweled banners, canopies decorated with gemstones, Deva-garments and garlands of precious stones, approached Buddha's abode and presented their grand offerings.
Using heavenly garments and various garlands of precious stones to make offerings to the World Honored One, they then respectfully circumambulated the Buddha a hundred thousand times, paid homage to the Buddha, then happily took their seats and listened to the Buddha preach the Dharma. The World Honored One then extended his golden arm and touched the crown of Devaputra Susthita, to whom He not only preached the Dharma but bestowed a prediction of Devaputra Susthita's attainment to Bodhi. Finally, the Buddha said, "This Sutra shall be known as the 'Purifying All Evil Paths' Usnisa Vijaya Dharani'. You should diligently uphold it." On hearing this Dharma, the entire assembly was extremely happy. They faithfully accepted and respectfully practiced it.
Hum
On one occasion the Blessed One was staying among the Ayojjhans on the banks of the Ganges River. There he addressed the monks: “Monks, suppose that a large glob of foam were floating down this Ganges River, and a man with good eyesight were to see it, observe it, & appropriately examine it. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in a glob of foam? In the same way, a monk sees, observes, & appropriately examines any form that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in form?
“Now suppose that in the autumn — when it’s raining in fat, heavy drops — a water bubble were to appear & disappear on the water, and a man with good eyesight were to see it, observe it, & appropriately examine it. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in a water bubble? In the same way, a monk sees, observes, & appropriately examines any feeling that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in feeling?
"Now suppose that in the last month of the hot season a mirage were shimmering, and a man with good eyesight were to see it, observe it, & appropriately examine it. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in a mirage? In the same way, a monk sees, observes, & appropriately examines any perception that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in perception?
"Now suppose that a man desiring heartwood, in quest of heartwood, seeking heartwood, were to go into a forest carrying a sharp ax. There he would see a large banana tree: straight, young, of enormous height. He would cut it at the root and, having cut it at the root, would chop off the top. Having chopped off the top, he would peel away the outer skin. Peeling away the outer skin, he wouldn’t even find sapwood, to say nothing of heartwood. Then a man with good eyesight would see it, observe it, & appropriately examine it. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in a banana tree? In the same way, a monk sees, observes, & appropriately examines any fabrications that are past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near. To him — seeing them, observing them, & appropriately examining them — they would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in fabrications [combined or made up things?
"Now suppose that a magician or magician’s apprentice were to display a magic trick at a major intersection, and a man with good eyesight were to see it, observe it, & appropriately examine it. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in a magic trick? In the same way, a monk sees, observes, & appropriately examines any consciousness that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near. To him — seeing it, observing it, & appropriately examining it — it would appear empty, void, without substance: for what substance would there be in consciousness?
"Seeing thus, the well-instructed disciple of the noble ones grows disenchanted with form, disenchanted with feeling, disenchanted with perception, disenchanted with fabrications, disenchanted with consciousness. Disenchanted, he grows dispassionate. Through dispassion, he’s released. With release there’s the knowledge, ‘Released.’ He discerns that ‘Birth is ended, the holy life fulfilled, the task done. There is nothing further for this world.’”
That is what the Blessed One said. Having said that, the One Well-Gone, the Teacher, said further:
Form is like a glob of foam; Feeling, a bubble; Perception, a mirage; Fabrications, a banana tree; Consciousness, a magic trick — this has been taught by the Kinsman of the Sun. However you observe them, appropriately examine them, they’re empty, void to whoever sees them appropriately.
Beginning with the body as taught by the One with profound discernment: when abandoned by three things — life, warmth, & consciousness — [bodily] form is rejected, cast aside. When bereft of these it lies thrown away, senseless, a meal for others. That’s the way it goes: it’s a magic trick, an idiot’s babbling. It’s said to be a murderer. No substance here is found.
Thus a monk, persistence aroused, should view the aggregates [a.k.a heaps: form, feeling, fabrications, consciousness (also perception)] by day & by night, mindful, alert; should discard all fetters; should make himself his own refuge; should live as if his head were on fire — in hopes of the state with no falling away.
SN 22.95 PTS: S iii 140 CDB i 951 Phena Sutta: Foam translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu © 1999
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Śūnyatā (Sanskrit, also shunyata; Pali: suññatā), translated into English as emptiness, voidness,[1] openness,[2] spaciousness, or vacuity, is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context. In Theravada Buddhism, suññatā often refers to the not-self (Pāli: anatta, Sanskrit: anātman) nature of the five aggregates of experience and the six sense spheres. Suññatā is also often used to refer to a meditative state or experience.
Sunyata is a key term in Mahayana Buddhism, and also influenced some schools of Hindu philosophy.
"Śūnyatā” (Sanskrit noun from the adj. śūnya or śhūnya: “zero, nothing”) is usually translated as “emptiness”. It is the noun form of the adjective “śūnya” (Sanskrit) which means “empty” or “void”,[4] hence “empti”-“ness” (-tā).
Sunya comes from the root svi, meaning “hollow”, plus -ta “-ness”, therefore “hollow, hollowness”. A common alternative term is “voidness”.
This word is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo European root k̑eu- which means 'to swell’ and also 'to grow’
The Pali canon uses the term emptiness in three ways:
(1) as a meditative dwelling,
(2) as an attribute of objects, and
(3) as a type of awareness-release.
The Suñña Sutta, part of the Pāli canon, relates that the monk Ānanda, Buddha’s attendant asked,
“It is said that the world is empty, the world is empty, lord. In what respect is it said that the world is empty?“ The Buddha replied, "Insofar as it is empty of a self or of anything pertaining to a self: Thus it is said, Ānanda, that the world is empty.”
Emptiness as a meditative state is said to be reached when "not attending to any themes, he [the bhikku] enters & remains in internal emptiness” (MN 122). This meditative dwelling is developed through the “four formless states” of meditation or Arūpajhānas and then through “themeless concentration of awareness.”
In the Kāmabhu Sutta S IV.293, it is explained that a bhikkhu can experience a trancelike contemplation in which perception and feeling cease. When he emerges from this state, he recounts three types of "contact” (phasso):
“emptiness” (suññato), “signless” (animitto), “undirected” (appaṇihito).[10]
The meaning of emptiness as contemplated here is explained at M I.297 and S IV.296-97 as the “emancipation of the mind by emptiness” (suññatā cetovimutti) being consequent upon the realization that “this world is empty of self or anything pertaining to self” (suññam idaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā).
The term “emptiness” (suññatā) is also used in two suttas in the Majjhima Nikāya, in the context of a progression of mental states. The texts refer to each state’s emptiness of the one below.
The Prajna-paramita (Perfection of Wisdom) Sutras taught that all entities, including dharmas, are only conceptual existents or constructs.
Though we perceive a world of concrete and discrete objects, these objects are “empty” of the identity imputed by their designated labels. The Heart sutra, a text from the prajnaparamita-sutras, articulates this in the following saying in which the five skandhas [heaps] are said to be “empty”:
Form is emptiness, emptiness is form Emptiness is not separate from form, form is not separate from emptiness Whatever is form is emptiness, whatever is emptiness is form.
The Diamond sutra uses various similes to illustrate the nature of Shunyata:
“Like a tiny drop of dew, or a bubble floating in a stream; Like a flash of lightning in a summer cloud, Or a flickering lamp, an illusion, a phantom, or a dream.” “So is all conditioned existence to be seen.”
Mādhyamaka is a Mahāyāna Buddhist school of philosophy. In Madhyamaka, to say that an object is “empty” is synonymous with saying that it is dependently originated.
Madhyamaka states that impermanent collections of causes and conditions are designated by mere conceptual labels. This also applies to the principle of causality itself, since everything is dependently originated. If unaware of this, things may seem to arise as existents, remain for a time and then subsequently perish. In reality, dependently originated phenomena do not arise as having inherent existence in the first place. Thus both existence and nihilism are ruled out.
Nagarjuna Madhyamaka is retroactively seen as being founded by the monk Nāgārjuna. Nāgārjuna’s goal was to refute the essentialism of Abhidharma. His best-known work is the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, in which he used the reductio ad absurdum to show the non-substantiality of the perceived world.
Nāgārjuna equates emptiness with dependent origination:
On the basis of the Buddha’s view that all experienced phenomena (dharma) are “dependently arisen” (pratitya-samutpanna), Nagarjuna insisted that such phenomena are empty (sunya). This did not mean that they are not experienced and, therefore, non-existent; only that they are devoid of a permanent and eternal substance (svabhava). Since they are experienced elements of existence, they are not mere names (prjnapti).
In his analysis, any enduring essential nature would prevent the process of dependent origination, or any kind of origination at all. For things would simply always have been, and will always continue to be, without any change.
In doing so, he restores the Middle way of the Buddha, which had become influenced by absolute tendencies:
Utilizing the Buddha’s theory of “dependent arising” (pratitya-samutpanna) Nagarjuna demonstrated the futility of these metaphysical speculations. His method of dealing with such metaphysics is referred to as a “middle way”(madhyama pratipad). It is the middle way that avoided the substantialism of the Sarvastivadins as well as the nominalism of the Sautrantikas.
Insights generated using Sakyamuni’s simile of a “reflection” accompanied by a sitar.
Mix including the Tibetan Tantric Choir, with quotations from the documentary “We Are Vibrational Beings.”