Corrective Gender-Based Violence and Coercively Controlled Gender
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Corrective Gender-Based Violence (CGBV) is a form of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) aimed at “correcting” a person’s gender expression or identity, with corrective rape operating within CGBV as an extreme form intended to punish or "fix" individuals who do not conform to perceived social norms regarding human sexuality or gender roles. Corrective rape lies at the crux of CGBV, paralleling how rape anchors the apex of the rape culture pyramid, illustrating the minor everyday social enforcement mechanisms that enable, uphold and sustain the violence.
While CGBV can affect everyone, it disproportionately affects individuals across marginalizations, particularly Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments, and Intersex (MOGAI) identities, also referred to as LGBTQIIA+ or, more broadly, queer individuals. It acts to uphold patriarchal gender roles through force, threat, and the weaponization of gendered expectations. For racialized individuals, CGBV is often shaped by layered forms of gender regulation: first, through culturally specific gender expectations enforced within their own communities—frequently in response to colonialism and survival under white supremacy—and second, through additional punishment for failing to conform to dominant white-coded patriarchal ideals of manhood and womanhood. These forms of correction are shaped by both racial and cultural contexts, affecting individuals differently depending on how their identities intersect with dominant patriarchal demands. The impact and expression of CGBV further vary depending on (dis)ability, class, and other intersecting social factors.
CGBV encompasses acts like threats of violence for noncompliance, for instance, if the perpetrator claims things such as "just be a man" while initiating fights against “nonconforming” individuals. For transmasculinized individuals, this is a form of malgendering, often intended to traumatize them by imposing a painful, damaging, and restrictive idea of what it means to be a man while punishing them for not meeting expectations. For transfemininized individuals, it is a form of misgendering, often functioning to belittle or delegitimize their womanhood, reinforcing the idea that they’re “really” men and deserve punishment for not meeting expectations. For non-binary individuals, it is both exorsexism and transphobia—an expectation to “pick one” or not transition at all.
For butch sapphics, it is used to frame their masculinity as an imitation of patriarchal manhood and their attraction to women as inherently manly—denying both their gender and their sexuality. For achilleans (men or masculine aligned people who are attracted to men or masculine aligned people), it often implies that masculinity must be heterosexual and emotionally restrained, casting any deviation—whether in sexuality, presentation or affection—as a failure of manhood. For disabled men, their disabilities are treated as an inadequacy that strips away their masculinity, reinforcing punitive ideas of what it means to be a man. This single phrase can be used both to Coercively Control Patriarchal Manhood (CCPM) and Coercively Control Patriarchal Womanhood (CCPW).
A Coercively Controlled Gender (CCG) is a pattern of CGBV characterized by coercive control, which is defined by the NHS (link) as a pattern of "assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim" into complying with a Socially Imposed Gender (SIG) (link). While CCG is not the same as Coercively Assigned Fe/Male At Birth—as the former 1) takes place during one's life rather than around infancy, and 2) is about the enforcement of gender(ed characteristics) and expression rather than the nonconsensual sex characteristic manipulation that intersex individuals face—CCG is proposed as a more accurate replacement for these terms when used by perisex trans individuals.
The conceptual problems motivating new terminology—the epistemological origins, its failures, and conceptual appropriation underlying CAFAB/CAMAB—are addressed in detail here (archive link). Tumblr post can be accessed here (link).
