Lovely Silk

• study blog • self-learning korean • ⠀⠀instagram: _lovely.silk_

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[ My eternal love🖤 ]

• Lee Joon Gi •

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[Level 1] Lesson 16

Basic Present Tense

• 아/어/여요

(Basic Present Tense)

Conjugation

1. If the last stem's vowel is ㅏor ㅗ, it is followed by -아요.

2. If the last vowel is not ㅏ or ㅗ, it is followed by -어요.

3. Only the one verb stem, which is 하, is followed by -여요.

Sample sentences:

1. 가다 = to go

가요 = I go / You go / He goes / She goes

2. 먹다 = to eat

먹어요 = I eat / You eat / He eats / She eats

3. 보다 = to see, to watch, to look

보(다) + 아요 = 보아요 → 봐요 (오 + 아 = 와)

봐요 = I see / I look / I watch / You see / etc

4. 보이다 = to be seen, to be visible

보이(다) + 어요 = 보이어요 → 보여요 (이 + 어 = 여)

보여요 = I see it / It is visible.

5. 하다 = to do

하(다) + 여요 = 하여요 → 해요 (아 + 여 = 애)

해요 = I do / You do / He does / They do

You can add a noun in front of 하다 and form new verbs:

studying = 공부 to study = 공부하다

cleaning = 청소 to clean = 청소하다

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[Level 1] Lesson 15

Sino-Korean Numbers

1 (one) = 일

2 (two) = 이

3 (three) = 삼

4 (four) = 사

5 (five) = 오

6 (six) = 육 / 륙

7 (seven) = 칠

8 (eight) = 팔

9 (nine) = 구

10 (ten) = 십

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Note: the Korean word for six can change spelling depending on whether it is, at the beginning on its own (6 = 육) or in the middle (5, 6 = 오, 륙). Somewhere throughout of the course of history, Korean people decided that "오, 륙" was more natural to say than "오, 육".

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100 (one hundred) = 백

1 000 (one thousand) = 천

How to make numbers from 11 to 99 and more

Use the numbers from 1-9 and the word for 10 (ten) = 십.

For example:

11 = 십 (ten) + 일 (one)

25 = 이 (two) + 십 (ten) + 오 (five)

33 = 삼 (three) + 십 (ten) + 삼 (three)

99 = 구 (nine) + 십 (ten) + 구 (nine)

Making the numbers from 100 to 1 000 and more is the same.

Note : you don't have to say one (일) before 10 (십), 100 (백) or 1 000 (천).

For example:

312 = 삼 (three) + 백 (hundred) + 십 (ten) + 이 (two)

1234 = 천 (one thousand) + 이 (two) + 백 (one hundred) + 삼 (three) + 십 (ten) + 사 (four)

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Zero in Korean language is either 영 and 공.

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[Level 1] Lesson 14

What do you want to do?

• 뭐 - 고 싶어요?

(What do you want to do?)

Do you remember how to change a verb into the “I want to + verb” form?

하(다) + -고 싶어요

Sample sentences:

하다 → 하고 싶어요 = I want to do

보다 →보고 싶어요 = I want to see

먹다 →먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat

사다 → 사고 싶어요 = I want to buy

마시다 → 마시고 싶어요 = I want to drink

뭐 = what

Sample conversations:

A: 뭐 하고 싶어요?

What do you want to do?

B: 텔레비전 보고 싶어요.

I want to watch TV.

A: 뭐 보고 싶어요?

What do you want to watch?

B: 뉴스 보고 싶어요.

I want to watch the news.

A: 이거 사고 싶어요.

I want to buy this.

B: 이거요?

This one?

A: 네. 이거 먹고 싶어요.

Yes. I want to eat this.

B: 이거 뭐예요?

What is this?

A: 이거 김밥이에요.

This is kimbap.

Sample sentences:

📖읽다 = to read

읽고 싶어요 = I want to read.

🛌🏻자다 = to sleep

자고 싶어요 = I want to sleep.

🏸놀다 = to play

놀고 싶어요 = I want to play.

🪂쉬다 = to rest

쉬고 싶어요 = I want to rest.

🖨️일하다 = to work

일하고 싶어요 = I want to work.

🎞️영화 보다 = to watch a movie

영화 보고 십어요 = I want to watch a movie.

🍘김밥 먹다 = to eat kimbap

김밥 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat kimbap.

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[Level 1] Lesson 13

I want to...

• -고 싶어요

(I want to ...)

📌 Conjugation

Verb stem + - 고 싶어요

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🖇️ Examples:

• 가다 = to go

가(다) + -고 싶어요 = 가고 싶어요

가고 싶어요 = I want to go.

• 보다 = to see

보(다) + -고 싶어요 = 보고 싶어요

보고 싶어요 = I want to see / look / watch.

• 먹다 = to eat

먹(다) + -고 싶어요 = 먹고 싶어요.

먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat.

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👥 Sample Conversations

뭐 먹고 싶어요?

What do you want to eat?

햄버거 먹고 싶어요.

I want to eat hamburger.

뭐 먹고 싶어요?

What you want to eat?

회 먹고 싶어요.

I want to eat raw fish.

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• 더

(More)

Sample sentences:

먹고 싶어요. = I want to eat.

더 먹고 싶어요. = I want to eat more.

주세요. = Please give me.

더 주세요. = Please give me more.

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[Level 1] Lesson 12

It's delicious. It's awful. Thank you for the food.

• 맛있어요

(It’s tasty / delicious)

Expression structure:

맛 + 있어요 = 맛있어요

• 맛 = taste

• 있어요 = it has, there is

Sample sentences:

🥢 이거 맛있어요. = This is delicious.

🧁 저 케이크 맛있이요. = That cake is tasty.

🥓 삼겹살 맛있어요. = Samgyupsal is delicious.

🍗 치킨 맛있어요. = Chicken is delicious.

❓ 뭐가 맛있이요? = What is delicious?

• 맛없어요

(It’s not tasty / It tastes awful)

Expression structure:

맛 + 없어요 = 맛없어요

• 맛 = taste

• 없어요 = it has not, there is not

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💡 About the pronunciation of ㅅ

The sound ㅅ changes according to the folowing word.

When it is not followed by any word, it sounds as [t].

When it is followed by 있어요, it sounds as [s].

When it followed by 없어요, it sounds as [d].

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Sample sentences:

❓이거 맛없어요? = Does it taste awful?

🧉이 차 맛없어요. = This tea tastes awful.

🦪굴 맛없어요. = Oysters taste awful.

• 잘 먹겠습니다

(Thank you for the food)

잘 먹겠습니다 ≈ I have eaten well.

This expression is used frequently among Koreans when they are about to start eating a meal regardless of who’s paying for the meal. However in the case someone is particular is paying for the meal, the other(s) will say it to the person who’s paying.

When you eat with your friends with whom you use casual language, and when you want to joke that your friend should buy you food, ou can say:

🙇🏻‍♀️ 잘 먹을게! = Thank you because you are going to treat me!

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[Level 1] Lesson 11

Please give me

• 주세요

(Please give me)

주세요 comes from the verb 주다 = to give.

the name of the item you want + 주세요

Sample sentences

🪙 돈 주세요 = Please give me some money

☕ 커피 주세요 = Please give me coffee.

🧤 장갑 주세요 = Please give me (a pair of) gloves.

Sample conversation 🍎

– 사과 있어요? = Do you have apples?

– 네. 사과 있어요. = Yes, we have apples.

– 사과 주세요. = Please give me some apples.

There is no strict distinction between plural and singular in Korean nouns.

– ☕ 커피 있어요? = Do you have coffee?

– 아니요. 커피 없어요. = No, we don’t have coffee.

– 🥛우유 있어요? = Do you have milk?

– 네. 우유 있어요. = Yes, we have milk.

– 우유 주세요. = Please give me some milk.

주세요 can be used in many different situations.

🍧 아이스크림 주세요.

Please give me some ice cream.

🍔 햄버거 주세요.

Please give me a hamburger.

🥘 김치 주세요.

Please give me some kimchi.

🍛 불고기 주세요.

Please give me some bulgogi.

🍚 밥 주세요.

Please give me rice.

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[Level 1] Lesson 10

Have. Don't have

• 있어요

(to have / there is)

있어요 comes from the verb 있다, which expresses that something "exists".

If you are talking about someone or something existing in a specific place, 있다 means "to be".

Example: I am here. / It’s over there. / I am at home now.

If you are talking about something (or someonen some cases) in your posession, it means "to have".

Example: I have a sister. / I have eleven dogs. / Do you have a private airplane?

Sometimes, however, it can mean both.

For example, the sentence "I have a sister" can be replaced by the sentence "There is a sister (in my family)" in Korean.

• 없어요

(to have not / there isn’t)

없어요 is opposite, and it comes from the verb 없다. Even though there is a way to say the same thing by using 있어요 in a negative sentence, there is the verb 없어요 for expressing non-existence.

It’s more convenient to use 없어요 rather than saying 있지 않아요 or 안 있어요.

있어요 ←→ 없어요

*what you have* + 있어요

*what you don't have* + 없어요

Sample sentences

물 있어요. = I have / There is water. / Water exists.

물 있어요? = Is there / Do you have water?

친구 있어요. = I have / There are friends.

시간 있어요. = I have / There is time.

By replacing 있어요/없어요 you get sentences in the opposite meanings.

물 없어요. = There is no / I haven’t water.

친구 없어요. = There are no / I haven’t friends.

시간 없어요. = There is no / I haven’t time.

• Do you remember the usages of -은/는 and -이/가?

If you say "시간은 있어요" (시간 = time) people may think you have nothing but time, meaning that you have no other resources, or that you have time but you don’t want to spend any of that time with them.

If you say "시간 없어요", it means "don’t have time" in the most neutral sense.

However, if you want to say "I have other things, but time is not what I have", you can simply add -은 to the end of 시간, and the phrase becomes 시간은 없어요.

If someone asks you "What is that you don’t have?", you can answer by saying :

시간이 없어요. = Time is what I don’t have.

있어요 and 없어요 can be used to form many interesting and frequently used expressions.

재미 = fun

재미 + 있어요 = 재미있어요 (it is interesting)

This literally means "fun exists", but means "It is interesting".

Notice how the two words are even written without any space in between. That’s because it has already become an expression used daily.

Example, TalkToMeInKorean 재미있어요! = TalkToMeInKorean is fun! / is interesting!

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[Level 1] Lesson 9

Particles -을/를, -이/가

• Topic marking particles

-을/를

The main role of topic marking particles is letting the listener know what you are talking about or going to talk about. Topic marking particles are placed after a noun to indicate that it (noun) is a topic.

Conjugation

A final consonant + -은

No final consonant, only a vowel + -는

Examples:

이 책 = this book. 이 가방 = this bag

이 책 + -은 = 이 책은 이 가방 + -은 = 이 가방은

저 = I 이 차 = this car

저 + -는 = 저는 이 차 + -는 = 이 차는

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Note

If you just say “이 책”, people will not know what ut is a book you are going to speak of; whether it is the subject or the object of the sentence, no one will know. Topic marking particles and subject marking particles will help to make your sentence clearer so that even if you do not finish your sentence, the listener will know what role that noun plays if you use the right particle.

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The topic of the sentence, marked by -은/-는, is usually (but not always) the same as the subject of the sentence.

저 = I

저 + -는 = 저는 = as for me / I (who is talking)

저는 학생이에요. = As for me, / I’m a student.

Here, the word 저 (I) is both the topic (talking about "I" here) of the sentence and the subject.

In the following sentence, the topic marking particle is used twice, but only one word is the topic while the other is the subject.

내일은 저는일해요. = As for tomorrow, I work.

내일 (tomorrow) is followed by -은 and is a topic.

• Subject marking particles

-이/-가

The role of subject marking particles is relatively compared to the role of topic marking particles.

Conjugation

A final consonant + -이

No final consonant, only a vowel + -가

Examples:

이 책 = this book 학교 = school

이 책 + -이 = 이 책이 학교 + -가 = 학교가

More about the particles -은/는 and -이/가

In addition to marking topics, -은/는 has the nuance of "about" something, "as for" something. It is also "that one is… and/but this one is…"

Example:

이거 = this / 사과 = apple. / -예요 = to be (is)

이거 사과예요. = This is an apple.

You can add -은/는 to this sentence. The subject is 이거, which ends in a vowel, so you can add -는.

이거는 사과예요. = This is an apple.

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It is unnecessary to use -은/는 in every sentence, so try to use it all the times unless you really want to place an emphasis on the topic.

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For example, if you want to say "The weather is nice today" in Korean, you can say:

오늘 날씨 좋네요.

The weather is good today.

오늘은 날씨 좋네요.

The weather /hasn’t been so good lately, but/ today (it) is good.

오늘 날씨는 좋네요.

Today /everything else is not good, but at least/ the weather is good.

In addition to marking subjects, -이/가 has the nuance of "none other than", "nothing but", as well as marking the subject without emphasizing it too much when used in a complex sentence.

For example, you are talking to someone and he/she asks you “What is good?” (emphasizing "what") by saying:

"뭐가 좋아요?"

뭐 = what

가 = subject marking particle

좋아요 = good ( 좋다 = to be good)

You can reply to it in several ways:

이 책 좋아요.

This book is good.

이 책은 좋아요.

*The other books are not good, and I don’t care about the other books, but at least...

This book is good.

이 책이 좋아요.

There are no other books as good as this one.

In the last responce, the sentences structure is:

이 + 책 + 이 + 좋아요

This + book + subject marking particle + is good

This type of sentence can also be used when you are speaking with someone who says “ABC 좋아요” (ABC is a subject here), but you want to express your opinion that “XYZ (subject) is good, not ABC”.

"ABC 좋아요? XYZ가 좋아요!"

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As you can see, -은/는 and -이/가 have different roles. The role of -은/는 as a compare contrast factor is much stronger than -이/가 because of how easily you can change the topic of the sentence with -은/는. However, when forming more complex sentences, such as "I think, the book that you bought is more interesting than the book I bought", -은/는 is not commonly used. Often at times, -은/는 and -이/가 can be dropped unless particles are absolutely needed to clarify the meaning, in whic -이/가 is used more often.

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[Level 1] Lesson 8

It's not me.

• 아니에요

(To be not)

아니에요 = to be not, it it not, you are not

아니에요 is the present tense form n the polite/formal language of the verb 아니다 (to be not). So 아니에요 means "It is not", "You are not", "He/she is not",etc.

Conjugation:

Noun + 아니에요 = To be not + Noun

As you will notice later on, all Korean verbs end in "다" in the dictionary. When you look up a word and it ends in "다", that’s most likely a verb.

Sample sentences

저 아니에요. = It’s not me.

우유 아니에요. = It’s not milk.

물 아니에요. = It’s not water

If you want to say "This is not milk", "I am not a student", "That is not a park" and so on, you can add the noun at the beginning of the sentence.

Sample sentences:

student = 학생

to be not = 아니에요

I = 저

저 학생 아니에요. = I am not a student.

milk = 우유

to be not = 아니에요

this (is) = 이거

이거 우유 아니에요. = This is not milk.

cat = 고양이

to be not = 아니에요

that (is) = 그거

그거 고양이 아니에요. = This is not a cat.

tiger = 호랑이

to be not = 아니에요

that (is) = 그거

그거 호랑이 아니에요. = This is not a tiger.

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[Level 1] Lesson 7

This. That. It

In English, the words "this" and "that" can be used on their own (as pronouns) and to modify other words (as adjectives).

In Korean, the words for "this", "that" and "it" change their forms depending on whether they are pronouns or adjectives.

For example, in English you can say "This is my car" or "This car is mine". The word "this" plays 2 different roles here: as a pronoun and as a word which modifies "car".

In Korean, however, words for "this" and "this thing here" are strictly distinguished. The same is with "that".

• 이

(this)

이 커피 = this coffee

이 컴퓨터 = this computer

이 아이스크림 = this ice-cream

이 호텔 = this hotel

이 텍시 = this taxi

이 버스 = this bus

• 그

(the, that)

그 is used when you are talking to the other person and the object is near that other person and far from you.

그 마이크 = that microphone

그 잭 = that book

• 저

(that, over there)

저 is used for referring to something that is far away from both you and the other person.

저 테이블 = that table over there

저 레스토랑 = that restaurant over there

• 거 / 것

(thing, item, stuff, fact)

Since 이, 그 and 저 can only work as modifiers in Korean, when you want to use "this", "that" or "it" as pronouns, either 거 or 것 need to follow 이, 그 and 저.

이 = this

이 + 것 = 이것 or 이거 = this thing, this one

그 = the, that

그 + 것 = 그것 or 그거 = the thing, that one, it

저 = that, over there

저 + 것 = 저것 or 저거 = that thing over there

You must not use 거 or 것 when you point at a person.

ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ

Q: What if you don't see that thing, that object or that person in your sight? What if it’s not there? How do you refer to it?

A: It is very simple. Just use "그" or "그것".

ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ

You can form various expressions using 이, 그 or 저 along with other words.

Example:

사람 = person

이 사람 = this person, this man here, he/she

그 사람 = the person, that person, he/she

저 사람 = that person over there, he/she

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[Level 1] Lesson 6

This is... What is it?

• 이거

(this, this one)

이 + 것 = 이것 → 이거

이 [i] = this

것 [got] = thing

Sample sentences

책이에요. = It's a book.

이거 책이에요. = This is a book.

커피예요. = It's coffee.

이거 커피예요. = This is coffee.

• 이거 뭐예요?

(What is this?)

이거 + 뭐예요 = 이거 뭐예요?

이거 = this is

뭐예요 = what

Sample conversations

A: 이거 뭐예요? = What is this?

B: 이거 마이크예요. = This is microphone.

A: 이거 뭐예요? = What is this?

B: 이거 물이에요. = This is water.

Do you remember how to say "Yes, that's right" or "No" in Korean?

A: 이거 커피예요? = Is it coffee?

B: 네. 이거 커피예요. = Yes. This is coffee.

A: 이거 커피예요? = Is it coffee?

B: 아니요. 이거 물이에요. = No. This is water.