Gender, power and predation in Dracula- why do the vampire women feed on children?
I have, like most of tumblr it seems, been reading Dracula Daily of late and was pondering the reason why it is that the female vampires in Dracula, and in particular, Lucy are portrayed as preying upon children, first and foremost, whereas Dracula himself seems to primarily, though not exclusively prefer to predate upon young women.
Firstly I think it was Bram Stoker going for something that would be shocking, and anti-thetical to Victorian ideals of womanhood, yet not as salacious as going out and actively hunting down men, or indeed other adult women. Thus the female vampires will go for men if the men cross their path, but they do not go out of their way to chase them down the way Dracula does with women (and Jonathan who is a bit of a special case).
The vampire women in Dracula feed upon children to show they are corrupted opposites of everything a Victorian ideal of woman should be- they destroy what it is they are supposed to love and protect. In Lucy’s case, it underlines that Lucy is not Lucy any more, without going so far as to depict her as voracious in a way that could be construed as salaciously, promiscuously predatory towards adult men and women.
However, as I was thinking over this and how of course, this is very much a sexist idea rooted in Victorian constructions of gender, it struck me that the same thing applies to Dracula, in that Dracula is a corrupted opposite of the Victorian ideal of a good man. The fact that people have idealised and romanticised this does not make it less true.
He too, destroys and corrupts what he is supposed to love and protect. He is supposed to love and provide for his wife and family, and yet instead, he stalks and preys upon multiple women, corrupts them, and feeds children to them, rather than providing for his children.
But I think another factor in it is that it reflects where men and women have traditionally been seen as being able to legitimately exert their power and influence.
Dracula, being a man, and a rich man, too, is expected to and granted leave by society to exert power and agency over many others in the public sphere as well as the private, domineering over people in business with him (Jonathan), and those who he sees as beneath him (peasants, the men on the boat), but also over his household, women and children. Thus all are predated on by him, in different ways.
Meanwhile, women have generally been treated as not being able to legitimately wield power in the public sphere, and especially not over men, not even in the private sphere, excepting in the stigmatised and limited way of exerting ‘feminine wiles’ over them. Yet, women have been seen as having legitimate power and influence over children. Thus, the vampire women, while they may take advantage of a man that crosses their path, exercise their most active predation on children.
It’s an interesting thing to note, given how sexualised the predation has been generally portrayed, there are in fact different types of power - and the corruption of that power- that it could be said that the vampires are exerting over their victims.
They each, in a gendered way, are exerting a corrupted, horrifying reversal of what they are supposed to be, according to society, but within the spheres of influence and power they are legitimately considered to have.
This could even be said to work as an in-universe explanation for why Lucy and the vampire women predate as they do- they are still latently influenced by where they feel their own power can and should be exerted, and also where they feel they should or shouldn’t go.