MB International Media and Publishing House

  MB International Media and Publishing House is a journal and book publisher  

[mbimphblog]

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS YIELD AND HAEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED ON PROCESSED HARICOT BEAN (Phaseolus vulagris L.) |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Background: Haricot bean is one of Ethiopia's most important legume grains. Beans are high in protein, carbs, and minerals, all of which are necessary for regular human function. Despite its nutritious value, it is difficult to digest due to anti-nutritional substances found in the bean.

Methods: For the trial, 168 Sasso strain broiler chicks with an initial body weight of 39.652.15g were employed. The chicks were divided into four treatments at random, with 14 birds per replication. Haricot bean was soaked in water for five hours at a 1 kilogramme to 5 litres ratio before being boiled for an hour to remove anti-nutritional elements. The bean was present in the treatment diets in proportions of 0, 10, 20, and 30% for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively.

T3 and T4 performed best (P0.05) in ultimate body weight, slaughter weight, dressed carcass, and eviscerated weight. With increasing the rate of processed haricot bean in the treatment diets, there was a substantial (P0.05) rise in white blood cell, red blood cell, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume.

Conclusions: An integration of processed haricot beans in the broiler ration resulted in a positive overall performance and immunity of broiler chickens. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2882

[mbimphblog]

PARASITIC PROFILE OF FIVE SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL Achatina SNAIL IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Between January and August 2021, 760 snails of the genera Achatina belonging to five species (Achatina achatina, Achatina belteata, Achatina degneri, Achatina fulica, and Achatina marginata) were sampled from six communities in six Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the Central Senatorial District, Cross River State. The most numerous species collected (32.89 percent) was A. achatina, whereas A. degneri was the least collected (11.19 percent ). There was a greater number of Achatina snails gathered during the wet season than during the dry season, with no species dominance noted. In total, 319 snails (42 percent) were afflicted with parasites. A. fulica had the highest parasitic infection prevalence (50.50 percent), while A. marginata had the lowest parasitic infection prevalence (50.50 percent) (28 percent ). The highest incidence of parasite infection was found in snail species examined in Boki LGA (56.25 percent), while the lowest prevalence was found in Obubra LGA (21.28 percent ). Angiostrongylus spp. had a mean intensity of 4.780 (4.56 – 5.00; 95 percent CI) in A. achatina, while Strongyloides spp. had a mean intensity of 4.667. (4.11-5.22; 95 percent CI). A. balteata had the highest values for Shannon-Wiener (1.653) and Margalef's indices (1.995), as well as for species dominance using the Simpson index, when parasite species diversity was tested in snail species assessed using diversity indices (0.22). Control of snail-borne parasites is advocated through public health education and the provision of proper bathroom facilities. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2880

[mbimphblog]

CADMIUM TOXICITY STUDIES AND THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL BIO FEEDS IN Labeo rohita (HAMILTON 1822) |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the proximate analysis, AST, ALT, LDH, and SDH levels in Labeo rohita gill, muscle, liver, and kidney. This is due to the great nutritional value of this fish as a source of protein in developing countries. The proximate analysis of L. rohita gathered from various locations in Melarungunam, Cudalore district, Tamil Nadu discovered that hatchery L. rohita had the highest protein (19.97%) and ash (1.76%) contents, while fat (0.84%), carbohydrate (5.39%), and dry matter (24.11%) contents. Labio rohita is a genus of plants. The fish morphology had the highest moisture content (81.42 percent ). During the enzymatic examination, the highest levels of peroxidase and - amylase activity were detected. The liver contained the most Cd metals, followed by the kidney, muscle, and gills in that order. When compared to other fish, fish treated with rice bran and tapioca powder grew the fastest. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2872

[mbimphblog]

DISTRIBUTION OF ABO BLOOD GROUP AMONG SOCIO-ECONOMICALLY BACKWARD COMMUNITY OF BIRAUL BLOCK OF DARBHANGA DISTRICT, BIHAR, INDIA |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Because of developments in medical technology, population growth, and higher life expectancy, the need for blood and blood products has skyrocketed. As a result, the current study's goal is to discover the ABO blood group system of several communities in the Biraul block. A door-to-door survey was used to gather blood samples. The ABO blood group distribution frequencies revealed that blood group B was prominent in three Castes, namely Dusadh, Chamar, and Pasi, followed by O, A, and AB. In Brahman and Mallah, blood group O was the most common, followed by B, A, and AB. This study enables us to determine the precise distribution of blood groups in the various castes in Darbhanga's Biraul block. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2867

[mbimphblog]

AGE AND GROWTH OF Papyrocranus afer (GUNTHER 1868), AN EMERGING ORNAMENTAL FISH IN NIGERIA |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Papyrocranus afer are under threat from increased wild collection for aquaria, particularly juveniles. P. afer Lagoon age, growth, and growth derived metrics based on Length Frequency Distribution (LFD) study and interpretation of annual growth markers hard structures (namely scales, otoliths, opercula and cleithra). From January 2010 to December 2011, 1,154 individuals of P. afer were sampled monthly from Lekki Lagoon. LFD average lengths-at-age were 13.45 cm (Age 0+), 34.45 cm (Age 1+), 49.50 cm (Age 2+), and 61cm (Age 3+). To model the observed length-at-age data, the von Bertalanffy growth function was used: Lt = 77.6 (1 – e-0.33(t +0.46)). Lm (length at initial maturity) was 41.1cm, while Lopt (length at optimal yield) was 49.5cm. The presence of juvenile fishes (38 cm) in the catch indicates increasing overfishing. Annual growth markings on hard parts revealed ages 1, 2, and 3 years; mean lengths at these ages were 33.1, 44.6, and 58.4cm (cleithra), 29.1, 40.0, and 60.4cm (scale), and 29.1, 40.0, and 60.4cm (scale) (operculum). There are no interpretable growing signs on the otoliths. Overfishing highlights Papyrocranus' vulnerability to over-exploitation, highlighting the necessity for its conservation in Lekki Lagoon. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2892

[mbimphblog]

IMPACT OF NAPHTHALENE EXPOSURE ON MARKER ENZYMES OF GREEN MUSSEL Perna viridis |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Background: As a result of the rapid expansion of anthropogenic activities, particularly in the aquatic ecosystem, environmental pollution has escalated in recent decades. Under a variety of harsh environmental conditions, marine creatures can be subject to oxidative stress, which causes changes in metabolic components that can be measured to determine the health status of the organism.

The goal of this study is to monitor the effect of Naphthalene on bivalve mussels and to use a large number of biomakers to uncover distinct and distinctive patterns. In order to comprehend the changes in marker enzymes in P. viridis haemolymph, gill, and digestive gland, the green mussels Perna viridis were subjected to naphthalene.

Green mussels were exposed to naphthalene for 28 days in order to examine biomarker alterations. Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase activity (AST) were measured in mussels P. viridis haemolymph, gill, and digestive gland.

After 28 days of naphthalene exposure, the haemolymph had significantly increased levels of all marker enzymes. Marker enzymes were inhibited in the gill and digestive gland, and all of the marker enzymes in the haemolymph, gill, and digestive gland were concentration dependent in the majority of cases. The alterations in marker enzymes found in P. viridis haemolymph and the other two tissues were statistically significant. Conclusions: The current study found a significant relationship between all biomarkers examined in mussels exposed to naphthalene. Overall, the results show that when compared to tissues, haemolypmh is the most sensitive component to naphthalene exposure, and it might be used as a bioindicator of organic pollution exposure. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2891

[mbimphblog]

A STUDY ON THE MUD PUDDLING ACTIVITY OF BUTTERFLIES IN ALAGARKOVIL HILLS, MADURAI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Butterflies are one of nature's most amazing species, with an intriguing activity known as puddling. The phrase puddling refers to the supplementation of minerals and salts from mud puddles, faeces, and carrion. The mud puddling activity of lepidopterans has a significant impact on the insects' nutritional and reproductive health. The purpose of this study is to record the mud puddling activity of butterflies in Alagarkovil Hills, a reserve forest area with rich biodiversity and high anthropogenic activity, and to test soil samples for various minerals and salts to better understand the role of mud puddling in butterfly reproduction. From July 2017 to January 2018, six sites in the Alagarkovil hills were surveyed for butterflies using the transect approach on sunny days between 0800-1600 hrs, three times a week. During the study period, 111 species from six families were documented, with the Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae families being the most likely to display mud puddling. Male butterflies were observed to participate in mud puddling in greater numbers than female butterflies, confirming prior findings. Among the six study sites, the one with the most puddles had the most mud puddling activity. The soil examination of the mud puddling sites revealed the presence of salts such as sodium and potassium, metal ions such as manganese, iron, and copper, and macro elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon. The salt and potassium percentages were discovered to be increased, which were stated to be the main elements eaten during mud puddling. The puddling activity was shown to be aided by the soil's alkaline pH. All of these abiotic elements have an impact on the nutritional and reproductive biology of butterflies, which may be tracked to determine the community state and diversity of butterflies in a given location. The preservation of mud puddling areas may aid in the restoration of the butterfly's biodiversity index. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2890

[mbimphblog]

WATER QUALITY STATUS OF AN URBAN LAKE, DAL IN KASHMIR HIMALAYA, INDIA |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Accurate and timely information characterising aquatic ecosystems and their changes through time is becoming increasingly crucial, particularly in metropolitan settings. The current study looked at the water quality of an urban lake in Kashmir Valley called Dal. The criteria of water quality were assessed using the American Public Health Administration's standard approach. Surface water quality research found that the lake is extensively polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants of human origin. The water quality data pertaining to various physio-chemical and biological parameters of Dal Lake were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) drinking standards, and it was discovered that several parameters such as pH, alkalinity, and coliform had exceeded the desired limits. The lake's water quality index (WQI) ranged from 185.8 in winter to a maximum of 17217.7 in summer, indicating that the lake's waters are unfit for consumption. Overall, anthropogenic activities such as dumping raw faecal matter from houseboats, untreated sewage from settlements, and fertiliser runoff from watershed areas have been identified as the primary causes of nutrient enrichment and water quality degradation in this significant urban lake. As a result, a continual programme of water quality monitoring over the lake surface is required to ensure the health of this essential aquatic environment. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2484

[mbimphblog]

IMPACT OF ABIOTIC FACTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION ON INSECT DIVERSITY OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEM: A REVIEW |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The agro-ecosystem environment is determined by the interaction of abiotic (temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil texture, geographical area, pollutants) and biotic (crop plants, weeds, insect pests, and humans) components. Abiotic factors influence biotic factors, but the most harmful outcomes occur when biotic factors govern abiotic factors. Human (biotic) activities like as industrialisation, uncontrolled urbanisation, the use of insecticides and pesticides, and the excessive use of fossil fuels pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we plant. The aforementioned activities are to blame for the area's negative impact on the ecosystem. Pollution and other manmade activities are key contributors to climate change. Multiple ecosystems are impacted by the global planetary warning, changing rainfall pattern, precipitation, and humidity. Climate change has an impact on global warming, environmental deterioration, and the earth's flora and fauna. This page will educate farmers, horticulturists, and researchers on the consequences of climate change on insect diversity. Crop growers face a significant danger from insect infestations. More research on climate change, seasonal variation, environmental contamination, and the influence on insect pests is urgently needed. While developing and implementing pest management methods, the impact of seasonal changes on crop output, as mediated by changes in the populations of major insect pests, must be carefully studied. Such pest management measures should be employed to prevent crop loss while preserving food quality and the environment. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2545

[mbimphblog]

EFFECTS OF GREEN NANOPARTICLES ON THE PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF SILKWORM: A REVIEW |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a useful insect that creates plentiful silk in the shape of a cocoon by swallowing mulberry leaves (Morus alba) during the larval period. Humidity and temperature, for example, have an impact on the physiology of insects. Farmers are also dealing with a significant issue as a result of silkworm sensitivity to various diseases, which is having a negative impact on cocoon output. The purpose of this paper is to examine the management of entomopathogenic fungi utilising various green nanoparticles (NPs) and their effects on larval growth, survivorship, and mass silk production. Previous research on the relationship between environmental conditions, green NPs, and changes in the developmental cycle of silkworms is discussed in this publication. Environmental elements such as temperature and humidity are also important for increasing silk productivity in sericulture. However, enormous economic losses occur in the sericulture industry as a result of these pathogenic fungi and poor environmental conditions. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2528

[mbimphblog]

USE OF FISH EPIDERMAL MUCUS AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT– A REVIEW |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The epidermal mucus layer on fish skin contains numerous antimicrobial compounds that serve as a first line of defence against invasive infections from the surrounding environment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozyme, lectins, complement, transferrin, interferon, pentraxins, natural antibodies, protease, and other components found in mucus enable innate immunity. Many AMPs have been found in fish, including hepcidins, defensins, cathelicidins, histone-derived peptides, and piscidins, all of which have an antibacterial range. Because of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and mode of action that differs from that of small-molecule antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are extremely appealing possibilities for therapeutic medicines. This paper covers the possible use of mucus as an antibacterial agent in vivo. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2515

[mbimphblog]

USE OF FISH EPIDERMAL MUCUS AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT– A REVIEW |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The epidermal mucus layer on fish skin contains numerous antimicrobial compounds that serve as a first line of defence against invasive infections from the surrounding environment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozyme, lectins, complement, transferrin, interferon, pentraxins, natural antibodies, protease, and other components found in mucus enable innate immunity. Many AMPs have been found in fish, including hepcidins, defensins, cathelicidins, histone-derived peptides, and piscidins, all of which have an antibacterial range. Because of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and mode of action that differs from that of small-molecule antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are extremely appealing possibilities for therapeutic medicines. This paper covers the possible use of mucus as an antibacterial agent in vivo. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2515

[mbimphblog]

EVALUATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus undatus) FLESH IN FINGERLINGS (Labeo rohita) |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The fruits of Hylocereus undatus, sometimes known as dragon fruit, have recently gained a lot of interest from gardeners all over the world. There is, however, insufficient toxicological data on the safety of repeated exposure to these fruits. The current study looked at the toxicity of H. undatus fruit meat in fish following an acute administration. Fingerling were not fed during the experimental period in the acute toxicity investigation. The test solutions were produced at various concentrations (100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000mg/L) from Hylocereus undatus stock solutions. In each test concentration of Hylocereus undatus, a group of ten laboratory acclimatised fingerlings of a specific species with the same weight, size, and age were introduced. Monitor fish mortality after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The LC50 values at 48, 72, and 96 hours were greater than 371.53mg/l, 3.46mg/l, and 1.41mg/l, respectively. To establish the tolerance limits of Hylocereus undatus fruit extract, a toxicity study was carried out, which is required for the adaption of traditional medicine. According to the LD50 (446.68mg/L) values obtained. These findings confirm the widespread use of Hylocereus undatus fruit as a therapeutic decoction in herbal medicine. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2547

[mbimphblog]

STRESS ASSESSMENT OF BACTICIDE ON THE WATER BUG Diplonychus rusticus (HEMIPTERA: BELOSTOMATIDAE) |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The use of pesticides like bacticide to suppress mosquitoes at their breeding locations may have a significant impact on non-target species, including promising biological agents like belostomatid water bugs. In light of these factors, the current study focuses on the extent of survival, tolerance, and behaviour of the water bug Diplonychus rusticus in a bacticide-treated fresh water medium. The findings are explored in light of the effects of environmental stress on population dynamics. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2544

[mbimphblog]

BIOEFFICACY OF NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES AGAINST THRIPS PEST (Thrips palmi) ON GRAPE VINE (Vitis vinifera L.) |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The grape thrips (Thrips palmi) is a major pest that causes significant losses in commercial grape production (Vitis vinifera L.). In West Bengal, India, it has become a significant pest of grape vine. The efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides spinetoram 10% w/w + sulfoxaflor 30% w/w WG @ 100, 120, and 140 a.i. g /ha, spinetoram 12 percent SC w/v (11.7 percent w/w), sulfoxaflor 24 percent w/v (21.8 percent w/w) SC, emamectin benzoate 5% SG and bu Spinetoram 10% w/w + sulfoxaflor 30% w/w WG @ 140 g a.i./ha was the most effective against thrips on grapes, and it was on par with spinetoram 10% + sulfoxaflor 30% WG @ 120 g a.i./ha. The same tendencies can be seen in yield. The pesticides tested were also found to be less toxic to predators such as Menochilus sp., Syrphus sp., and Chrysoperla sp. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2542

[mbimphblog]

ECOTOXIC EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOPARTICLES, UPON Rattus norvegicus |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The use of titanium dioxide and nanoparticles in ordinary products and our daily lives is extremely frequent. It is used as a culinary ingredient, as well as in dairy products, tooth paste, and a variety of commercial items such as paints, tiles, adhesives, and so on. For a time, its use was assumed to be safe, but new study indicates that it has a number of negative effects on human health. In this regard, the current study tried to investigate the ecotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on animal physiology using Rattus norvegicus liver tissue (Albino wister rats). Experimental mice were exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in three different ways: acute oral toxicity (96 hours), short term oral toxicity (28 days), and sub chronic oral toxicity (98 days) (TiO2). According to IARC 2006, the LD50 (lethal dose 50) was determined, and 100 nm sized particles of TiO2 were dissolved in distilled water and administered as a single oral dose via canula. Because the liver is a detoxifying organ, its enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin, are suggestive of excellent liver functionality and were assessed in all three terms of exposure. The results show that there are significantly greater levels of all important liver enzymes, implying that TiO2 has a harmful effect on the liver. This study clearly demonstrates TiO2as a toxicant affecting liver health and thus its indiscriminate use in several common items, which may be discouraged or used with caution, if not completely discontinued. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2540

[mbimphblog]

MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON FINFISHES COLLECTED FROM LOWER ANAICUT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA |  UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Microbial infections can be lethal if not treated promptly, as well as creating significant economic losses for the aquaculture business; thus, aquaculture biosecurity issues addressing pathogens and illnesses should be prioritised. As a result, the current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of bacterial and fungal pathogens in the water as well as in the intestinal tracts of the usually occurring fishes in this system. The samples for this study were taken from the River Cauvery at Lower Anicut, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu. This river features a diverse fish population that includes murrels, catfish, carps, and eels. The size and weight of the numerous fishes studied in this study, as well as the bacterial load in the water and the fishes studied. Water had the highest bacterial count burden. Channa punctatus had the highest bacterial load (38 x 103cfu/ml), followed by Puntius conchonius (36 x 103Cfu/ml) and Mystus vittatus (34 X 103Cfu/ml). Catla catla had the least level of bacterial burden (1.2 x 103Cfu/ml). A total of 13 fungus species were discovered in the system's water samples. C. catla was found to have 8 fungus species in its intestinal system among the fishes. C. punctatus, on the other hand, reported the presence of 9 fungal species, C. batrachus, the presence of 10 fungal species, and M. vittatus and P. conchonius, the presence of 11 fungal species apiece. Overall, water has the highest number of fungal species, followed by M. vittatus and P. conchonius. Rhizopus nigricans and Achlya hypogyna were not found in M. vittatus, while Alternaria alternata and Achlya prolifera were not found in P. conchonius. C. catla and L. rohita found the fewest fungus (8 each). C. catla, A. fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, R. nigricans, A. prolifera, and A. hypogyna were not reported, however L. rohita, A. fumigatus, A. alternata, Curvularia lunata, A. prolifera, and Mycelia sterilia were. As a result, it appears that each fish had a unique fungus. This is most likely due to the bodily composition of each fish, as well as its resilience to certain fungus. A closer examination indicates, however, that four fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporium, and Cladosporium herbarum) were found in all fish species. The degree of infection, on the other hand, varied from species to species and appeared to be a reflection of the species makeup of the water. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2539