Something I haven’t heard many people point out in their write-ups about MDZS are the somewhat direct parallels associated Wei Wuxian’s sword.
The most important thing to notice about these parallels is the name of the sword - pretty infamously, Suibian - “whatever”, or, more accurately, “as you wish”.
This phrase can be seen as a more informal version of a very famous, and ancient, Chinese phrase - Ruyi, also translating to “as you wish”
The most famous association with this phrase is… as a lot of you may know, the one, the only, Great Sage Equalling Heaven - Sun Wukong’s very own Ruyi Jingu Bang, the Compliant Golden-Hooped Rod.
So !! Sun Wukong. Mischievous yet immensely powerful being, who ended up trapped for an extended period of time due to how much people despised him, only to be freed and - at the side of a man well-known for his self-restraint and monklike traits - achieving his own happy ending. Oh, and despite being rather explicitly capable of wisdom and patience, both are remembered in pop culture as being impatient and impulsive.
What else ? Oh, maybe that said monklike character’s restraint is also symbolised most prominently by a headband-like item.
So… now, where to begin ? Let’s start from the very beginning - the fact that both Sun Wukong and Wei Wuxian are not people incapable of success via traditional Daoist means - Sun Wukong achieved immortality via Daoism (as well as a whole slew of other powers), and Wei Wuxian was clearly an extremely accomplished cultivator before he lost his core.
No, in each case, it was something else that caused them to break with traditional power structures - Sun Wukong was humiliated by the Jade Emperor by being made effectively a heavenly stable hand, and Wei Wuxian ? Well… I think we all know that story.
But we get ahead of ourselves. Let’s backtrack slightly - am I suggesting that Suibian is a parallel to the Ruyi Jingu Bang ? No. I am suggesting that both Suibian and the Yin Tiger Tally are a parallel to Wukong’s mythical staff.
How ? Let’s start with the source of the infamous Ruyi Jingu Bang. Originally a measuring stick used by the infamous Yu the Great to tame the Great Flood (much like how Wei Wuxian used the Yin Tiger Tally to “tame” the Burial Mounds), it ended up submerged under water, discarded and unused, in the palace of Ao Guang, the Dragon King, a pillar of black iron (!!)
In the third chapter of the Journey to the West, we see Sun Wukong travel to this palace to pick out a new weapon. He returns with the Ruyi Jingu Bang in hand.
Now, I would say it’s a coincidence that both weapons were retrieved from under water, from the domain of a creature heavily associated with the Divine Beasts (with Ao Guang being the Azure Dragon of the East, and the Xuanwu of Slaughter being… well, a corrupted form of the Xuanwu, the Black Tortoise), but… well, it isn’t.
Another thing to be noted is that the Ruyi Jingu Bang is constantly sought after by… well, almost every demon who fights our Motley Crew. But none can wield it, because none are Sun Wukong. Guess which weapon is sought after by every antagonist in MDZS ? And guess which weapon never gets truly replicated by anyone, with the most they ever manage being a pale shadow of the original ?
(Side note : This also kind of reflects Suibian, which seals itself away to anyone who isn’t Wei Wuxian. Like with the Ruyi Jingu Bang, it acts as a kind of “identifier” for Wei Wuxian’s “essence”, as seen in the infamous scene with Jiang Cheng)
Side note, the Six-Eared Macaque, the devious and cunning - and most prominent by far - antagonist to our hero Sun Wukong, who is said to resemble him to such an extent that only the purest authority in the world - the Buddha himself - can tell them apart, wields his own “mirror” to the Ruyi Jingu Bang - the Suixin Tiegan Bing, the Acquiescent Iron Pole Arm.
So, what am I implying ? Well, Suixian literally means “as the heart wishes”, while Ruyi means “as one wishes”. The latter is meant to symbolise the “true mind” (Zhenxin), a mind that has achieved mastery over the physical world through discipline and wisdom. Meanwhile, the former represents the “deluded mind” (Wangxin), a mind led by its desires, wants, and delusions.
Moving on, Jingu means “golden hoop”, while Tiegan means “iron pole”. Again, the former represents discipline - famously the Jingu is the golden band bound around Wukong’s forehead, keeping him in check - while the latter, fixed, unrefined, and prone to rust, represents the stubborn human mind.
Finally, Bang means “staff”, while Bing means something more along the lines of “weapon”. While the former is a common, humble weapon, befitting a Buddhist monk, the latter is explicitly a tool of conflict and destruction.
Why do I bring up these parallels ? Well, I’d say it’s pretty clear that, symbolically, Jin Guangyao - or, arguably - Xue Yang is the Six-Eared Macaque to Wei Wuxian’s Sun Wukong, don’t you think ?
Sure, superficially, the two resemble each other almost exactly. All three are orphans who were left on the street to fend for themselves, who suffered greatly in their early lives.
But that’s where the parallels stop - why ? Because while Xue Yang and Jin Guangyao are bound by the iron polearm of their own delusions, Wei Wuxian wields the metaphorical golden staff of mastery over such desires. Jin Guangyao and Xue Yang work to feed their own desires, while Wei Wuxian works to overcome them.
Finally in this section, let’s take a look at the names of each - Sun Wukong, and the Six-eared Macaque.
“Sun Wukong” is a name that was given to the Stone Monkey by his first master, Subodhi.
His surname “Sun” is a pun on the word “husun”, meaning “monkey” or… “macaque”. But the “animal” radical is dropped from it, creating a human surname. Similarly, “Wukong” means “awakened to emptiness”, referring to the Buddhist realisation that all things lack a permanent, independent, self.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the aisle, we have his counterpart - the Six-eared Macaque (Liù'ěr míhóu).
The most prominent thing to note is that the “animal” radical remains attached to his name, symbolising his continued “animal” traits. But far more intriguing is his title - “six-eared”.
It refers to a famous Buddhist saying - The Dharma is not to be transmitted to the sixth ear", which means that a secret shared between two people ought not to be overheard by a third. The Six-eared Macaque thus symbolises a being that has attained enlightenment not by proper work, but by “overhearing”.
So… how is the Macaque brought down ? Well, after he mimics Wukong, not a being on this Earth is able to tell the truth apart.
Till finally, the pair are brought to the Thunderclap Monastery, before the great Buddha himself, who identifies the Macaque and reveals his true nature. Similarly, Jin Guangyao’s perfect reputation is revealed in a temple to another Buddha (the Guanyin Temple).
Afterwards, the Macaque flees for his life, transforming into a bee. But he is captured by the Buddha in his golden alm’s bowl, which symbolises humility’s victory over the animal mind . Similarly, Jin Guangyao is cornered in the Guanyin Buddha’s temple, trapped by Wei Wuxian - the humble protagonist.
Finally, the Macaque is killed by Sun Wukong, which metaphorically kills his second heart, the one keeping him from Buddhahood, and frees the path for his ascension. Jin Guangyao, too, dies in the Guanyin Temple, and thus frees the path for Wei Wuxian’s happy ending
> While the Macaque could mimic Sun Wukong’s form superficially, he lacked Wukong’s “Vajra body”, and thus his invincibility. This can be seen in how the Yin Tiger Tally utilised by Jin Guangyao and Xue Yang is far from a perfect replica of the original, explicitly noted as not having the same seamless control
> Just as Sun Wukong achieved his happy ending - Buddha-hood - after travelling a great distance by the side of, and befriending, the revered monk Tang Sanzang, Wei Wuxian achieved his by travelling by the side of - and falling in love with - the revered cultivator said to be “like a monk”, Lan Wangji.
> Just as Sun Wukong is kept on the path of righteousness by the Jingu headband round his forehead, Lan Wangji - with his own headband - helps center Wei Wuxian and keep his stabilised
> Wukong is thrown into Laozi’s Eight-Trigram Furnace for 49 days, a trial that would have killed a lesser being. Far from being killed, Wukong emerged stronger, with eyes that would let him see through any evil, and thus metaphorically through the lies of the world. Similarly, Wuxian is thrown into the Burial Mounds for several months, a trial that would have killed a lesser being, and emerges stronger, with - the second time round - a deeper insight into the lies and hypocrisy of the cultivation world.
> We haven’t even tackled the greatest similarity between our two heroes yet - just as Sun Wukong was sealed away for 500 years as “punishment”, Wei Wuxian was dead - metaphorically “sealed away” - for 13 years as “punishment”.
> This deed was done by the orthodox cultivator world in MDZS, and the Jade Court (with the Buddha’s aid) in JTTW. This happened to Sun Wukong because he rebelled against the celestial bureaucracy, who deemed him “low-born” and “common” due to his birth as a stone monkey. Similarly, Wei Wuxian is deemed “the son of a servant” by the cultivation world.
> Also Sun Wukong’s declaration, “If heaven tries to suppress me, I'll split the skies! If the ground tries to block me, I'll shatter the earth!", really does sound similar to the many, many, similar declarations made by Wei Wuxian in the Burial Mounds, no ? (“If there’s no precedent, I’ll be the precedent”, comes to mind)