youre just another degenerate sex obsessed moid that thinks hes the smartest tard in the room. but youre not. youre not well read on shit and its embarrassing. there are not 4 subspecies of race. actually read the literature you 19th century larping idiot
I actually studied forensic anthropology, there are four major morphological groupings that are Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid and Australoid.
These aren't racial groupings, as I said, these are the morphological features found across geographic areas.
Caucasoid covers the native peoples of Europe, the Middle East, India, and North Africa.
Mongoloid covers the native peoples of Asia, North, South and Central America, and parts of Oceania.
Negroid covers the native peoples of Sub Saharan Africa, and the Sentinel Islands.
Australoid covers the native peoples of Indo-Oceania.
Racial classifications can further break down these morphological groups, showing not just environmental morphological changes, but significant genetic drift between geographic populations.
Now, I've gone over this before, but I will do it again, and again and again, so why not do so now.
These racial differences in skeletal structure arose when small genetic changes developed in populations isolated by geography.
As world travel increases and people of different racial backgrounds intermix and produce children, it becomes harder to differentiate individuals of different, smaller races.
However there are key features that help forensic anthropologists identify these morphological groupings;
We will refer to the groupings as C, N, and M, for brevity.
C's tend to have smaller teeth, often with significant crowding and impacted third molars, and frequently exhibiting an overbite.
N's rarely have crowding and the upper teeth often project outwards due to the angled shape of the maxilla.
M's have well spaced teeth but often exhibit sclerosed dentitionâwhen calcium deposits build up inside the tooth, thinning the root canalâleaving teeth loose within the mandible and easily cracked.
The hard palate is the bony structure at the top of the mouth bordered by the upper teeth.
In M's, the palate is elliptical, with the âUâ shape angling in at the back teeth.
In N's, the palate is hyperbolic, a perfect âUâ shape with straight lines.
And in C's, the palate is parabolic with the ends of the âUâ flaring outwards.
The transverse palatine suture that horizontally transects the palate also varies by race: It is straight in M's, curved in N's, and a jagged line in C's.
The shape of the incisors is the most important indicator of race in the teeth.
In M's, the incisors are shovel-shaped, named because the inner surface is scooped or curved.
Both N's and C's have blade-form incisors where the tooth has a flat profile.
The nose provides multiple race indicators.
In C's, the nasal aperture is long and narrow, with a high bridge and a sharp nasal sill.
In N's, the nasal aperture is short and wide with a low bridge and a guttered or trough-like nasal sill.
In M's, the nasal aperture is medium-sized with both a medium bridge and nasal sill.
The shape of the mastoid process differs between the races.
In N's, the bony projection is wide, in C's it is narrow and pointed, and in M's, a secondary smaller projection forms on the back surface of the mastoid process.
Here we can see the differences between the morphological groups, A belongs to the C's, B belongs to the N's and C belongs to the M's.
With the skulls compared we can see further differences.
The C's have less pronounced cheek bones and exhibit elongated chins.
Nasal openings are triangular shaped with a more pronounced (protruding) nasal bridge.
The eye orbits are rectangular in shape, resembling aviator sunglasses, and somewhat sloped when viewed from the front. The teeth are smaller in comparison to other skull types and set closely together.
The M's cheek bones are wide, flare out to the sides of the skull and are forward-sloping.
The eye orbits are rounded and don't have the same downward slope as the C's skull does.
The nasal opening is flared at the bottom, making it wider than the C's skull, and has a less pronounced nasal bridge.
The N's skull is longer from front to back and has more of a forward slope from forehead to chin.
The slope causes a protrusion of the jaw, also referred to as prognathism.
The eye orbits are rectangular and spaced farther apart with a wider nasal bridge, which is less pronounced than the C or M types.
The nasal opening is also broader.
That doesn't mean all of these indicators point firmly to a single race, instead, it is the story told by the majority of morphological characteristics that tell an individual's background.
Additional skeletal features can help indicate race as well, bone density can also be a factor.
Bone density is quite a bit higher in N's, M's tend to have bone density that is as low or even lower than C's.
Though, some C's have bone density that is a little bit higher than usual.
Differences in fracture risk between different racial and ethnic groups are very real because of this.
The information gathered by a forensic anthropologist concerning age, sex and race can lead criminal investigators to a narrowed missing persons search and hopefully to a definitive victim identification.
However, I will agree with you, we shouldn't use race as the term to differentiate between each other, the term subspecies is more accurate.
While yes, we are one species, we are also each members of different subspecies belonging to the one species known as Homo Sapiens.
Subspecies are typically defined as geographical races with allopatric or parapatric distributions.
Allopatric speciation occurs when a species separates into two separate groups that are isolated from one another.
A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway, makes it impossible for them to breed with one another.
Parapatric speciation occurs when a smaller population is isolated, usually at the periphery of a larger group, and becomes differentiated to the point of becoming a new species.
Phenotype refers to an individual's Observable characteristics or traits, such as height, eye colour and blood type determined by both their genomic makeup and environmental factors, such as diet, disease, exercise.
The idea is that for populations to be considered subspecies, their phenotypes must be diagnosably distinct, and they are across the four major groupings, that being Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and Australoid.
Caucasoid covers the morphological groupings of the peoples that are native to Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and India.
Mongoloid covers the morphology groupings of the peoples that are native to Asia, the Pacific Islands, North and South America.
Negroid covers the morphological groupings of the peoples that are native to Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Sentinelese.
Australoid covers the morphological grouping of the people native to Australia, New Zealand, and Papau New Guinea.
Forensic Anthropology can be used to determine your ancestry, your sex, age, health, diseases you may have suffered, lifestyle, and race, I will make use of the term subspecies to refer to others race, I will as it'll be more accurate.
As race, is defined as one's geographical phenotype, and does not refer to our species as a whole, but geographical, morphological subsets of said species.
Homo Sapiens Indo-Europa.
If you want to combat my arguments, I'd suggest taking the time to actually do your own research on the subject rather than flinging surface level insults.
Now, if you want to know why I didn't mention the Australoid differences, here's why;
Looks like a fucking Neanderthal's skull, but no, that's a modern Australian Aboriginal skull next to a European skull.
Look at that, and tell me racial differences are only skin deep, fucking hell, it's not like I spent money to study this shit, no, clearly some random feminist anon thinks she's more educated with her 2 second google search.
