Excess (from essay: The alchemy of desire)
There is one final alchemical concept that irrevocably binds Schwallerâs operative alchemical principles to his metaphysics of sex. This is the âsense of excessâ (le sense de lâexcès), which he compares directly to both catalysis and orgasm. If eroticism is the desire for unionâculminating in marriage via the conjunction of opposites to reconstitute the primordial androgyneâthen the orgasm is the transfiguring flash of eternity that catalyses this union, raising the conjoined being beyond duality.
Excess is accorded a vital role for it is seen as a phenomenon in the moral domain that corresponds to crucial processes in chemistry and alchemy. âNow, that which in morality is called excess corresponds to that which in alchemy is called fermentation, identical to that which in chemistry is called catalysisâ:
By this last term [catalysis] we can better comprehend the phenomenon. More and more one has noted in chemistry that this mysterious catalysis plays a preponderant role in reactions. It consists of the inexplicable action of the presence of an apparently strange body upon the milieu or upon the named phenomenon. For my part, I know that this body is never effectively a stranger, but, as occult atomic physics reveals, it intervenes always as the excess of affinity in the composition. Excess intervenes in the material phenomenon exactly as in the moral, or, better said, in consciousness. It is the instant thanks to which the present possibility is surpassed; this is also the moment thanks to which the passage is possible from one state to a superior state.
The transfiguring ability to âsurpass the present possibilityâ is pivotal here, and we can see how this âsense of excessâ forms an important precursor to what he would later call âqualitative exaltationâ, a concept central to his esoteric theory of evolution. In its earlier formulation, however, it is described specifically in relation to the function of the orgasm:
The sexual function, in itself, is not an excess; the orgasm properly speaking is an excess: an excess of erotic tension. This is the most natural excess, imposed by nature. Now, all excessâwhatever it may beâleads to this consciousness, even if it comes about that its effect should be death. The effect is secondary. What is essential is what passes into the consciousness of this being who knows that, if it pushes such a thing to [the point of] excess, it can result in death. If his act is the consequence of a logical decision with himself, and is therefore an absolutely conscious act accomplished after mature reflection upon his desire for ecstasy, without anger, without any weakening of his faculties by intoxication or narcotics, then, even if death ensues, the act is not to be morally condemned. In this case, he does not want his death, he wants the supreme exaltation in which he hopes to find the annihilation of his I, his ego, his sensorially fascinated being.
The need for infinity exists in man: but he must learn to make the sense of excess conscious. The sense of excess leads all things from evil to the veritably mysticalâthat is, to the most complete abnegation, to complete fusion (confondement). If this is difficult or impossible in many cases for some, it is yet possible for him, in things that his nature requires or that an erotic disposition imposes, to find in these things the point of support in order that they may be exalted to the supreme. This is the sense in which eroticism is sublimated to the mystical.
As the Italian esoteric philosopher Julius Evola (1898â1974) recognises, this passage (which he cites in his Metafisica del sesso), pertains to a form of erotic alchemy that is comparable to the secret ritual of the Ordo Templi Orientis (article XIV of De arte magica), which speaks of an initiatic âdeath in orgasmâ called the mors justi. This âlimit of exhaustion or frenzy and intoxicationâ, comments Evola, âis also indicated as the moment of magical lucidity, of powerful trance in man or womanâ.
Evola, whose Metaphysics of Sex is a veritable tour de force of the initiatory role of eros, also points out the pertinence of Schwallerâs ideas to the tantric distinction between different types of desire (Sanskrit kama), which encompasses animal desire, human desire, and superhuman desire. Only the superhuman desire is âcapable of total and superindividual abandonâ, according to Evola, and he concludes his position by citing Schwallerâs distinction between a âGreater Desireâ and a âLesser Desireâ. âIn essenceâ, remarks Evola, âanimal desire is contrasted with that which might be called [and here he cites Schwaller] âthe Greater Desire which unites body with spirit well beyond the union of bodies in the Lesser Desireââ.
For Schwaller, this âGreat Desireâ is intimately bound to a mysterium whose âdeep causeâ lies in a âdesire for infinityâ, but which âin its expression becomes the sense of excessâ. This great desire for infinity can lead either to âthe most absolute destructionâ or âthe highest evolutionâ. All the excesses that human desire evokesâwhether for physical eroticism, ecstasy, inebriation, intoxication, works of genius, and even criminal transgressionâare so many substitutes for this primordial call to infinity. Now, because the infinity sought through the sense of excess is beyond duality, it is also beyond good and evil, and for this reason the entire spectrum of extreme acts undertaken in the quest for infinity can never actually satisfy this higher need, which nevertheless acts like a magnet for it through the chain of lesser desires. The genuinely anagogic effect of the sense of excess is only attained when the individual absolves themselves completely of duality through divine union in the metaphysical state of androgynyâthe alchemical marriage. Indeed, it is precisely the attainment of thisâmystical idealâ that is the true purpose of marriage, a âstate wherein sexuality ceases, where the âdivided soulsâ effectively reunite and are no longer engaged in coitus, which is merely a simulacrum of Unionâ.
The desire for infinity, and the sense of excess, also underpin the evolution of life, which for Schwaller is always determined by the desire for consciousness to achieve its perfect, immortal form: âthe Universe is nothing but consciousness, and through its appearances presents nothing but an evolution of consciousness, from its origin to its end, the end being a return to its causeâ. To the extent that all terrestrial bodies are partial realisations of this primordial or absolute âbodyâ, the process of evolution through the kingdoms of nature mirrors the process of the desire for infinity. The bodies generated through the evolution of life are in a sense akin to the substitutes that we use to assuage the desire for infinityâthey are vehicles but not destinations; approximate but never ultimate. Moreover, they only genuinely lead us âfurtherâ if the confines that define these very states of existence are broken through acts of excess.
Thus, in addition to the general perception that visible evolution is the material expression of the mutation of consciousness, desire is implicated as the specific instrument by which consciousness âchoosesâ or âdeterminesâ the forms that express an entityâs ontological status in the chain of being. Within this framework, the aim of embodied life is to intensify consciousness through excess: to make it more integral and thus liberated from duality, whereupon (as a result) the physical instrument will become more integrally (and less dualistically) constellated. This is the goal toward which all becoming appears to be moving, but which, paradoxically, always existed, ever-presently, as its origin and foundation. It is at once the homogeneous equilibrium of the originary spiritual milieu in which agent and patient are latent, as it is the neutral ground that is produced when agent and patient differentiate, interact and neutralise. This is why Schwaller can speak of an incarnation that is simultaneously a liberation from corporification:
This is the moment in which consciousness is integrally corporified and, paradoxically, in which it becomes independent of the body: the body itself becomes energy, being no longer the support of an energy, no longer the container but wholly the contentsâ.