• Mary Anning - fossil collector and paleontologist whose discovreies made fundamental changes in scientific thinking about prehistoric life and the history of the Earth.
• Ada Lovelace - mathematician considered to be the world’s first computer programmer.
• Marie Curie - pioneer in the field of radioactivity, as well as the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in both physics and chemistry.
• Lise Meitner - nuclear physicist who was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission.
• Emmy Noether - mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics.
• Cecelia Payne - astronomer and astrophysicist who discovered that the universe is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.
• Barbara McClintock - cytogeneticist best known for her discovery of transposition which she used to demonstrate that genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off.
• Grace Hopper - computer scientist who developed the COBOL computer programming language.
• Rachel Carson - marine biologist, conservationist, and author known for advancing the environmental movement.
• Dorothy Hodgkin - biochemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three-dimensional structures of biomolecules.
• Hedy Lamarr - both a popular Hollywood actress and an inventor who contributed to an early technique for frequency-hopping spread spectrum communications which paved the way for today’s wireless communications.
• Rosalind Franklin - biophysicist whose work on X-ray diffraction images of DNA led to her discovery of DNA double helix and her data was used to formulate Crick and Watson’s 1953 hypothesis.
• Esther Lederberg - microbiologist who devised the first successful implementation of replica plating and helped discover and understand the genetic mechanisms of specialized transduction.
• Jane Goodall - anthropologist and primatologist known for her extraordinary study of the interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania.
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell - astrophysicist who discovered the first radio pulsars (signals coming from rapidly rotating neutron stars).
• Mae Jemison - engineer, physician, professor, and former NASA astronaut who became the first African American woman to travel to space.
2087
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