T · 23 · Aspiring writer · English B.A. Bound • Literature, Art & History; Classics, Paranormal/Fantasy, Sacred Text & Science Fiction; Perfectionist Currently reading: The Evil Hours by David Morris, Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, Beowulf, Sir Orfeo, and the Book of Numbers
I love this advice! Subverting a character trait is a great way to really get into the emotional core of a character and see what makes them tick and what makes them change!
The Writer's Guide to Authentic Wounds and Fatalities
Writing fatal injuries in a story requires a delicate balance between realism and narrative impact. The portrayal of these life-altering events can evoke strong emotions in readers and shape the trajectory of your characters' journeys. In this blog, I will explore the intricacies of depicting fatal injuries in a manner that feels authentic, engaging, and respectful to the gravity of such circumstances. By understanding the nuances of fatal injuries, you will be equipped to craft compelling narratives that resonate with your readers.
Writing Fatal Injuries
When it comes to writing fatal injuries, it is crucial to approach the subject with care and accuracy. Fatal injuries carry immense consequences for your characters and can shape the trajectory of your story. By delving into the intricacies of portraying fatal injuries authentically, you can ensure that the gravity and impact of such events are effectively conveyed to your readers.
Choosing the right injuries for your story
Selecting the appropriate fatal injuries for your narrative involves considering various factors. Ask yourself: What purpose does this injury serve within the story? How does it affect the characters and the overall plot? Conduct thorough research to identify injuries that align with your story's context and resonate with the emotional journey of your characters.
For example, in a historical drama, you may research common fatal injuries during a particular era, such as battlefield injuries, diseases, or accidents prevalent at the time. In a crime thriller, you might explore the portrayal of fatal gunshot wounds or traumatic injuries resulting from violent encounters. By aligning the injuries with the context and themes of your story, you create a more immersive and believable experience for your readers.
Researching the mechanics of fatal injuries
To portray fatal injuries convincingly, it is essential to delve into the mechanics behind them. Understand the specific anatomical structures and systems involved, as well as the forces or mechanisms that can lead to fatal outcomes. Explore medical resources, consult experts if possible, and gather insights into the physiological and psychological implications of such injuries.
For instance, if your character suffers a fatal stab wound, research the anatomy involved, the potential organs affected, and the potential consequences such as internal bleeding or organ failure. By understanding the specific details and implications of the injury, you can describe the physical and emotional toll it takes on the character with greater accuracy and depth.
Depicting the immediate aftermath
When writing about fatal injuries, vividly describe the immediate aftermath to capture the intense emotions and physical realities. Consider the sensory details, the shock and disbelief experienced by characters, and the chaotic environment that often surrounds such events. Balancing realism with the needs of your story, create a scene that immerses readers and evokes empathy.
For example, if a character experiences a fatal car accident, you can depict the chaos at the scene, the character's disorientation, and the reactions of witnesses. Emphasize the sensory details such as the sound of screeching tires or the smell of burning rubber, creating a visceral experience for your readers.
Emotional and dramatic impact on the narrative
The impact of fatal injuries extends beyond the immediate moment. Explore the ripple effects on other characters, relationships, and the overall plot. Delve into the emotional responses, grief, guilt, anger, or determination that arises in the aftermath of loss. Utilize these emotional arcs to deepen character development and drive the narrative forward.
For instance, the loss of a loved one due to a fatal illness might lead to grief and strained relationships among the remaining family members. The emotional journey of a character grappling with guilt and seeking redemption after causing a fatal accident can become a central theme in your story. By delving into these emotional arcs and their consequences, you add depth and resonance to your narrative.
Writing Minor Injuries
While fatal injuries may capture our attention with their dramatic impact, it is equally important to pay attention to the portrayal of minor injuries in your writing. Minor injuries, though less severe, can still significantly affect your characters and contribute to the authenticity of your story. In this section, we will explore the art of depicting minor injuries, ensuring that they are not overlooked or trivialized. By delving into the nuances of minor injuries, you can add depth and realism to your characters' experiences.
Types of minor injuries to consider
When crafting your story, it is essential to consider a range of minor injuries that can occur. These injuries can include cuts, bruises, sprains, minor burns, or even minor fractures. Each type of injury carries its own unique characteristics, associated pain levels, and recovery processes. By understanding these distinctions, you can create accurate and believable depictions that resonate with your readers.
For example, a character who sustains a cut on their hand may experience sharp pain, the sight of blood, and the need for immediate first aid. On the other hand, a character with a sprained ankle may struggle with mobility, experience swelling, and require rest and care for a few days. By paying attention to these specific details, you can enhance the realism of your storytelling.
Conveying pain and discomfort
When writing about minor injuries, it is important to effectively convey the pain and discomfort experienced by your characters. Consider describing the sensation of pain, the throbbing or stinging feeling, and how it affects their daily activities or interactions. Showcasing the emotional impact of pain, such as frustration, irritation, or vulnerability, can deepen the readers' connection to the character's experience.
For instance, if a character suffers from a sprained wrist, you can describe the dull ache that persists, making simple tasks like typing or holding objects challenging. By capturing these small but significant moments, you immerse readers in the character's struggle and create a more realistic portrayal.
Balancing realism with narrative pace
While it is important to depict minor injuries realistically, it is also crucial to strike a balance with the overall pace and momentum of your story. Consider the significance of the injury within the larger context of your narrative. Some injuries may require more detailed attention and impact the plot, while others may serve as background elements. Adjust the level of detail and focus accordingly, ensuring that the portrayal of minor injuries aligns with the narrative's flow.
For example, a small cut on a character's finger may not require an extensive description unless it becomes infected or triggers an unexpected consequence. By aligning the portrayal of minor injuries with their narrative relevance, you maintain a consistent pace while still acknowledging their impact on your characters' lives.
Writing Bloodshed And Realistic Blood Loss
When writing about wounds and injuries, it is essential to consider the amount of blood loss your characters may experience. Realistic portrayal of bloodshed can enhance the authenticity of your scenes and immerse readers in the gravity of the situation. In this section, we will explore the factors influencing blood loss and techniques for accurately depicting it in your writing.
Understanding blood loss and its impact on the body
To authentically portray blood loss, it's crucial to have a basic understanding of how the human body responds to injury. Research the circulatory system and the role of blood in transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Consider the different types of blood vessels and their potential for bleeding when injured. This knowledge will help you create realistic scenarios and determine the appropriate level of blood loss for specific injuries.
Factors influencing blood loss in different injury scenarios
The amount of blood loss can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury. Factors such as the size of blood vessels, the rate of bleeding, and the body's ability to clot play a significant role. For example, a deep laceration in an artery will result in more substantial blood loss compared to a superficial cut on the skin. Consider these factors when describing injuries and their resulting bloodshed.
Techniques for accurately portraying blood loss in writing
There are several techniques you can use to convey the realistic impact of blood loss in your writing. Describing the color, consistency, and flow of blood can provide vivid imagery. You can also include physical symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, or fainting that may accompany significant blood loss. Additionally, consider the emotional response of your characters and how they react to the sight of blood or their own injuries.
By incorporating these techniques, you can create scenes that evoke a visceral response in readers and enhance the authenticity of your writing.
Bruises: Colors, Progression, and Pain
Bruises are a common result of injuries, and understanding how they form, change in color, and cause discomfort can greatly enhance the realism of your writing. By accurately describing bruises, you can bring depth to your characters' injuries and portray their healing process convincingly.
Understanding the stages and colors of bruises
Bruises go through distinct stages of color as they heal. Initially, they may appear red or purple due to the broken blood vessels beneath the skin. Over time, the color changes to blue, green, yellow, and eventually fades to a brown or yellowish hue. Understanding this color progression can help you accurately describe the age of a bruise and the healing process.
For example, a fresh bruise might be vivid purple, indicating recent trauma, while a fading bruise may have a yellowish tinge, suggesting that healing has begun. By incorporating these color details, you can add realism to your characters' injuries and track the passage of time within your narrative.
Depicting the progression of bruises over time
As bruises heal, they often change in appearance and size. Initially, a bruise may be small and localized, but it can gradually spread and become more extensive. Describing this progression can provide a sense of the healing process and the passage of time within your story.
For instance, a character who sustains a significant blow to the face may develop a bruise that starts as a small spot near the eye but expands to cover a larger area over the next few days. By accurately portraying the progression of bruises, you enhance the authenticity of your characters' injuries and their recovery.
Conveying the pain and sensitivity associated with bruises
Bruises can be painful, sensitive to touch, and affect a character's movement and daily activities. Describing the pain and discomfort experienced by your characters can create empathy and immerse readers in their physical ordeals.
Consider conveying the tenderness of a bruise when pressure is applied, the throbbing sensation, or the limitation of movement due to the pain.
Remember The Side Effects
Injuries, whether minor or severe, often come with a range of side effects that can significantly impact your characters' lives. These side effects can extend beyond the physical realm and encompass emotional, psychological, and social aspects.
Physical side effects
Injuries can have profound physical side effects that go beyond the immediate pain and discomfort. Consider the potential consequences such as limited mobility, impaired coordination, chronic pain, or the need for assistive devices like crutches or braces. Describing these physical side effects can add depth to your characters' struggles and provide a realistic portrayal of their healing journey.
For example, a character who sustains a leg injury may experience difficulty walking, require physical therapy, or have long-term complications that affect their day-to-day activities. By addressing these physical side effects, you create a more nuanced depiction of the aftermath of injuries.
Emotional and psychological side effects
Injuries can have a profound emotional and psychological impact on characters. They may experience fear, anxiety, trauma, or a loss of confidence. Consider how the injury affects their self-image, relationships, or mental well-being. Explore the emotional journey your characters undergo as they navigate the aftermath of their injuries.
For instance, a character who survives a near-fatal accident may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and struggle with recurring nightmares or panic attacks. By incorporating these emotional and psychological side effects, you can deepen the complexity of your characters and their responses to traumatic experiences.
Social implications and changes
Injuries can also lead to significant social changes for your characters. They may face challenges in their personal relationships, encounter stigma or discrimination, or experience changes in their roles or identities. Explore how the injury affects their interactions with others and their sense of belonging in the world.
For example, a character who sustains a facial injury may encounter judgment or stares from others, leading to self-consciousness or isolation. By addressing the social implications and changes resulting from injuries, you can create multi-dimensional characters and explore the impact of their injuries on their social dynamics.
By incorporating these various side effects into your writing, you bring depth and authenticity to your characters' experiences and showcase the wide-ranging impact of injuries.
Conclusion
Writing authentic wounds and fatalities requires attention to detail and a deep understanding of the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects involved. By following the guidelines and exploring the subheadings discussed in this guide, you can create compelling and realistic portrayals of injuries in your writing.
Remember to conduct thorough research on the specific injuries you want to depict, understanding their mechanics, symptoms, and potential outcomes. Consider the immediate and long-term effects on your characters, both physically and emotionally. Incorporate sensory details to immerse readers in the experience, describing the pain, bloodshed, colors of bruises, and the progression of healing.
Additionally, don't forget to address the side effects that injuries can have on your characters' lives. Explore the physical limitations, emotional struggles, and social implications that arise from their injuries. By delving into these aspects, you can create well-rounded characters and compelling narratives that resonate with readers.
I hope this blog on forging epic battles will help you in your writing journey. Be sure to comment any tips of your own to help your fellow authors prosper, and follow my blog for new blog updates every Monday and Thursday.
Looking For More Writing Tips And Tricks?
Are you an author looking for writing tips and tricks to better your manuscript? Or do you want to learn about how to get a literary agent, get published and properly market your book? Consider checking out the rest of Haya’s book blog where I post writing and publishing tips for authors every Monday and Thursday! And don’t forget to head over to my TikTok and Instagram profiles @hayatheauthor to learn more about my WIP and writing journey!
Okay, I can’t help but want to write an essay for fun on this dangerous topic & statement: Women have less leisure time than men!
The comments on this post were, of course, very exciting to look through. It’s like preparing the metaphorical popcorn to an event you know is about to be juicy. But I do want to discuss this, because within the comments, there existed 2 major types of people: (1) Women commenting different versions of “Duh!!!” (2) Men that suggested this post was written by a woman. Other outliers included an individual wanting to start debates about gay marriages, men that suggested they work hard to make sure their wives don’t have to, and women that suggest that men aren’t ALL that bad.
I’ll start with the solid, peacemaking fact: Every relationship is different because every person is different. Basically, marriages are incomparable to one another in terms of habits, preferences, ways they were raised, values, and the like. There are ways to generalize women as a gender and men as a gender, but the circumstances really depend on the situation.
I will reference my own marriage, because when I read this, first primally instant thought in my head was, “THANK YOU!” 😆😆😆😆 And it took me further thinking to realize, this post is super generalizing and not 100% true for all marriages. In fact, Briefly opening my soap box is NOT my point, but honestly, and often, I find myself being the only person in my house to do any cleaning. The ratio of diaper changes between my husband and I is probably 1:20,–no exaggeration. I never see him do any laundry. Every morning, I lay out his uniform, his paired socks, stock his backpack with drinks for the workday, and even provide him with a warm towel fresh from the dryer. But why is it like this?
It is just the personality of some to not care about cleanliness, and this is honestly independent of gender. I have known and been with my husband for 10 years. The only time I’ve ever seen him clean of his own accord was when he invited me over to his apartment for the first time. So, I didn’t even see him clean, I only came into a clean apartment—and even then, it still looked like a messy boy’s room. To refute the gender misconception, my mom is awful at keeping things clean too. She likes her things sprawled everywhere, she likes her shelves to be covered in dusty Knick knacks and she likes her kitchen island to have all of her ingredients ready for grabbing. And my mother-in-law, God bless her heart, is the messiest individual I have ever known in my life, because she has the same trash bag in her room from when we moved into this apartment over a year ago, in her trash can, and it is completely full, and she has never bothered to take it out (which renders her trash can useless. So she puts her trash in all kinds of other places. When she orders Uber eats, she likes to leave the empty bags on the dinner table for someone else to take out). Whereas, my Dad—a MAN—was constantly cleaning, constantly putting things away or packing things up. He cleaned so perfectionistically that he would scrub the spaces between tiles and show me how they were incredibly white, spotless, absolutely perfect. And he would complain about my mom being the messiest woman that he ever knew.
The reasons for why messy people are messy or clean are beyond me. It could be how they’re raised, but my grandmother-in-law was an incredibly clean lady. My mom in law also said that both of her brothers, and her Dad, and her aunts were all clean, and that it’s her that is as messy as she is. My Dad explained to me that my Mom was raised in communist Vietnam, so she didn’t have much at all. Now that we live in the US, she values having so many things, so she likes to decorate her space with objects. My Dad also explained that he admired his own mom’s cleanliness so much that he copied her. Then he suggested that I, his daughter, do not copy my Mom—which is untraditional of daughters.
My point here is: It is not so cut and dry that men don’t clean and women clean. People are clean and messy for different reasons.
My next point: I was raised in a household where my mom was the breadwinner of the household and my Dad was the house dad. He was old when I was small, so he retired when my life was still early. My mom was working constantly, and she would come home absolutely exhausted, so my Dad did the cleaning (then again, my mom didn’t really value cleanliness all that much). After my Dad had strokes and couldn’t clean and cook anymore, my mom began to work, cook and clean.
With me, my husband is the breadwinner and works very hard for very long shifts, so he is the one that comes home absolutely exhausted. I work and go to school, but my job does not ask for long hours, so I have more energy. To unwind, my husband likes to sit and play video games so he doesn’t have to think about work. To unwind, I happen to enjoy cleaning. That works for us. Also, my husband loves to cook, and I’m better at cleaning than I am at cooking, so we fit together.
I guess my real point is: Individuals in relationships should prioritize the other’s happiness so that they are both happy together. My husband doesn’t make me pay any rent, and he takes care of me physically. I run the chores in the household, I make the ice in the ice molds, but I have control to do what I want—which is what I prefer. If a relationship works and both parties are happy, does the leisure time thing really matter?
At some point during college or university, you’ll probably be asked to write a critical review of a text related to what you’re studying. They aren’t commonly done during high school, and so it will probably be an unfamiliar task to start with. Here’s one approach to writing a critical review that I’ve used which has been very successful for me, and hopefully it can help you too!
What is a critical review?
Essentially, a critical review is a summary and evaluation of a journal article, chapter, or book. While critical usually gives a negative connotation, your review doesn’t necessarily need to attack the author’s view point, rather you question the information and opinions they present in an analytical manner, and assess how effective their argument is.
Get to know the text
Start by getting a broad understanding of the text. Skim read it by looking at chapter titles, headings, introduction, opening sentences of paragraphs, any tables, graphics, or diagrams, and the conclusion.
Briefly outline the author’s aim and their main points. You’ll come back to this when assessing how well they have argued their point!
Read the entire text. With the author’s aims and main points in mind, read the entire text and note what evidence they use to support their points, how convincing their reasoning is, how they deal with opposing arguments, how the text is structured and styled, etc. I like to use a physical copy of the text so I can highlight and annotate important parts!
Get to know the author! While not always necessary, getting to know the author, their area of specialisation, and if they associate with a specific approach to the subject can help you better review the text.
Read widely around the topic
So you’ve read the text you’re reviewing and have a good understanding of its content and how the author has argued their point, but how does it fit into the wider literature? Does the author hold a more mainstream view of the subject, or are they more radical in their thinking, presenting a view in opposition to other academics?
Look at their references. Did they cite another academic who holds a contrary opinion? Their work may be worth reading to assess what the author of the text you’re reviewing may have intentionally left out!
Read reviews of the author you’re reviewing. As students, we’re not always as fully aware of a topic as other academics who specialise in the area are. If you’re able to find reviews written by other academics on the author you’re reviewing, they may be able to highlight areas of further research for you to investigate!
Read completely different views of the topic! My most recent critical review was from the a social historian. To gain a broader perspective of the topic, I read interpretations from Marxists, to Revisionists, and other social historians. These different interpretations of the same event allowed me to assess each argument and form my own conclusions based upon how convincing the interpretation was argued.
Read the works of prominent academics in a field. They often inform other academics and help develop approaches to a topic. Note, however, that prominence doesn’t mean their argument is perfect!
Structure and content
Not every critical review will have the same structure, but I tend to follow a similar skeleton structure outlined below.
Introduction - identify the author, the title of the text, and when it was published. Briefly explain the main findings of your review and the key ideas.
Summary - to give the reader an understanding of the text, you need to provide a summary. Pull out the author’s main points and conclusions. Don’t give a lengthy narrative description of the text, focus on the author’s argument. This shouldn’t be more than one or two paragraphs!
Critique - this is the core of your review and will be the bulk of your essay. Here are a few things to think about when writing it
Identify the text’s strengths and weaknesses. You can do this by comparing it to other texts on a similar topic
Does the author present a particular approach to the topic?
How do they consider alternative approaches?
How do they use evidence to support their claims?
Does the text structure and style affect your understanding?
Has anything been left out intentionally?
Support your review with examples from within the text!
Conclusion - restate your overall opinion of the text. Discuss how it fits within the broader scope of literature on the topic and how useful it is. You could even suggest possible improvements and suggestions for further investigation!
I hope this is helpful, and good luck with any critical reviews you have to write! My inbox is open for any questions you might have!
Other essay writing masterposts:
how to write conclusions
how to structure essays
how to reduce your word count
understanding the question
how to write a killer unprepared text essay
People throw around the phrase “Show, don’t tell” all the time. But what does it mean? Really?
When I’m editing a client’s work, I always explain what I mean when I say “Show, don’t tell,” so I know we’re on the same page (pun intended).
FYI: This advice is really 2nd or 3rd draft advice. Don’t tie yourself in knots trying to get this perfect on the first go. First drafts are for telling yourself the story. Revisions are for craft.
Ruthlessly hunt down filter words (saw, heard, wondered, felt, seemed, etc.). Most filter words push the reader out of narrative immersion, especially if you’re writing in 1st person or a close 3rd person. “She [or I] heard the wind in the trees” is less compelling than “The wind rustled through the trees” or “The wind set the bare branches to clacking.” Obviously, the point of view character is the one doing the hearing; telling the reader who’s doing the hearing is redundant and creates an unnecessary distance between the character’s experience and the reader’s experience of that experience. Was/were is another thing to watch out for; sometimes, nothing but was will do, but in many instances—“There was a wind in the trees” “There were dogs barking”—“was” tells, whereas other phrasing might evoke—“The wind whispered/howled/screamed through the trees” “Dogs snarled/yipped/barked in the courtyard/outside my door/at my heels.”
Assume your readers are smart. What does this mean? Don’t tell the reader what your characters are thinking or feeling: “Bob was sad.” How do we know? What does Bob’s sadness look like, sound like? What actions, expressions, words indicate Bob’s sadness? Does Bob’s sadness look different than Jane’s would?
It also means that you need not repeat information unless you have something new to add to it—even if it’s been several chapters since you first mentioned it. I think a lot of readers fall into this trap because writing often takes a long time. But what takes a writer days or weeks or months to write might take a reader fifteen minutes to read. So, if the writer keeps telling the reader about so-and-so’s flaming red hair or such-and-such’s distrust or Bob’s blue eyes or Jane’s job as a neurosurgeon, the reader gets annoyed.
The last thing you want is your reader rolling their eyes and muttering, “OMG, I KNOW” at the story you’ve worked so hard to write. It certainly means you don’t need to have characters tell each other (and through them, the reader) what the story is about or what a plot point means.
Along these same lines, let the reader use their imagination. “Bob stood, turned around, walked across the room, reached up, and took the book from the shelf.” Holy stage directions, Batman! A far less wordy “Bob fetched the book from the shelf” implies all those irrelevant other details. However, if Bob has, say, been bedbound for ten years but stands up, turns around, and walks across the room to fetch the book, that’s a big deal. Those details are suddenly really important.
Write the action. Write the scene with the important information in it. Let the reader be present for the excitement, the drama, the passion, the grief. If you’re finding yourself writing a lot of after-the-fact recap or “he thought about the time he had seen Z” or “and then they had done X and so-and-so had said Y,” you’re not in the action. You’re not in the importance. Exceptions abound, of course; that’s true of all writing advice. But overuse of recapping is dull. Instead of the reader being present and experiencing the story, it’s like they’re stuck listening to someone’s imperfect retelling. Imagine getting only “Last week on…” and “Next week on…” but never getting to watch an episode.
I’m editing a book right now with some egregious use of this. The author has a bad habit of setting up a scene in the narrative present—“The queen met the warrior in the garden.”—but then backtracking into a kind of flashback almost immediately. “Last night, when her lady-in-waiting had first suggested meeting the warrior, she had said, ‘Blah blah blah.’ The queen hadn’t considered meeting the warrior before, but as she dressed for bed, she decided they would meet in the garden the next day. Now, standing in the garden, she couldn’t remember why it had seemed like a good idea.”
That’s a really simplified and exaggerated example, but do you see what I’m getting at? If the queen’s conversation with the lady-in-waiting and the resulting indecision are important enough to be in the narrative, if they influence the narrative, let the reader be present for them instead of breaking the forward momentum of the story to “tell” what happened when the reader wasn’t there. Unless it’s narratively important for something to happen off-page (usually because of an unreliable narrator or to build suspense or to avoid giving away a mystery), show your readers the action. Let them experience it along with the characters. Invite them into the story instead of keeping them at a distance.
Finally, please, please don’t rely on suddenly or and then to do the heavy lifting of surprise or moving the story forward; English has so many excellent verbs. Generally speaking, writers could stand to use a larger variety of them.
(But said is not dead, okay? SAID IS VERY, VERY ALIVE.)
As another editor, I can confirm these are all constant problems I encounter when working on people’s manuscripts. Related to this line of thought is the following, which, again, is second- or third-draft advice. Don’t sweat this stuff during draft one.
Make your descriptions pull double and triple duty. Describing people, places, and objects is fine. Necessary, even. But one of the quickest ways to ramble on telling instead of showing is when you include descriptions that don’t reveal more information than just what people/places/objects look like. It’s particularly easy to fall into this trap with character and setting descriptions.
This week I edited a sample chapter of a manuscript set in the 1970s Middle East that had the potential to be both captivating and rich in setting. Unfortunately, the author didn’t think to tie any of the descriptions of the apartment in the first scene or the characters that inhabited it together in a way that revealed any truly engaging information. Two militia soldiers sent as messengers for a certain faction invade the family-of-five’s home, and the narrator gives a lot of detail about the living room in which the characters sit down, including the colors of the couches and chairs, the positioning of them in relation to the coffee and side tables—and a tray of cigarettes and cigars sitting on the latter. Several paragraphs later, one of the soldiers is suddenly rolling a cigarette between his fingers before he and his companion stand and leave.
Not only did the author not provide adequate details as to where this cigarette came from, they missed out on the opportunity to show who these characters are by having them interact with the environment. The unwilling host could have motioned toward the tray, a “help yourself” gesture—or maybe he intentionally didn’t but one or both of the soldiers take from it anyway. Or maybe the soldiers intentionally refuse the offering and instead one of them reaches for one of his own cigarettes. Maybe they each grab a handful, far more than manners would dictate polite. Maybe they tip the tray over and grind the cigarettes and cigars into the carpet before leaving, a petty form of revenge against being denied their request. Or maybe they don’t and instead leave the bigger threat hanging over the host’s head.
Not one of these descriptions says the same thing as the others, which is why it’s important to critically examine every detail given in a particular story. An intentional and skilled author can turn any told description into information that SHOWS something important that will deepen the reader’s understanding of what’s happening in a given scene. Descriptions should never be throwaway mentions. Not considering the deeper implications of what you’re writing is the fastest way to telling the reader things they aren’t going to find interesting, which brings me to…
Generic descriptions. By now, you probably know what types of throwaway character “tag” actions you default to. You know the types, the ones that often are inserted to break up or react to dialogue: smiling, grinning, nodding, sighing, shrugging, laughing, blinking, looking (at), folding arms, and rolling eyes, just to name a few. They’re easy descriptions to insert, and when used sparingly, they CAN mean something more than is outright stated, but overuse will without question kill their effectiveness. I’ve edited so many manuscripts where characters do things that just… are things? But these things either don’t seem to have any greater meaning or they’re blatant telling, e.g., “I don’t know why you’re still talking about this.” John rolled his eyes, annoyed.
Can you say telling?
A certain manuscript I edited had almost four hundred uses of smile/smiled/smiling and almost three hundred uses of nod/nodded/nodding. I was ready to start slapping characters somewhere around the one-quarter mark of the manuscript because these descriptions meant nothing. As placeholders, they’re fine, but authors need to go deeper if they want to avoid readers rolling their eyes in annoyance like poor John.
Once you’re ready to refine your early drafts into something more cohesive, meaningful, and shown, you’ll want to put each character’s “tag” actions under a microscope. Make note of what descriptions you use—and overuse—then go deeper. Find a way to show how this specific emotion manifests in this particular person. Character actions in particular should never be throwaway—they should always reveal more information than is stated outright by providing subtext, which enables you to show instead of tell.
idk who needs to hear this but when your english teacher asks you to explain why an author chose to use a specific metaphor or literary device, it’s not because you won’t be able to function in real-world society without the essential knowledge of gatsby’s green light or whatever, it’s because that process develops your abilities to parse a text for meaning and fill in gaps in information by yourself, and if you’re wondering what happens when you DON’T develop an adult level of reading comprehension, look no further than the dizzying array of examples right here on tumblr dot com
Elizabethan Peasant: Good morrow, my fine fellows! Thou mayest call me Jared, I has’t seen 19 years upon the Good Lord’s green earth, but I am melancholic, for I must admit it was not my privilege to learn to decipher script.
Shit, it’s 2020 and I’ve updated this Behemoth again. There’s both old and new in here. If you’re having problems with links overlapping, it is most likely the app/dashboard glitching—try the permalink version, and everything should work out, even on mobile. And of course, HAVE FUN.
Ressources : where to find books online?
CLASSICAL LITERATURE (ANTIQUITY)
Where should I start? The fundamental works
Where should I start? The mythology-oriented works
Where should I start? Mythology, but make it non-greek
Where should I start? The translation edition
A very touristic overview of Ancient Greek literature
Different texts for Antigone
Different texts for Elektra
Different texts and translations for The Odyssey
CLASSIC [? who cares] BOOKS (ALL ERAS)
First things first : a few favourites
And works in translation : a few more favourites
Where should I start? My first classics
A very touristic overview of literature reading
Modern classics
Reading women : a few favourites ; wait, much more
Reading men : a few favourites
Children literature : a few favourites ; more
Experimental literature
Where should I start? English and US literature
Where should I start? Modern Italian literature
Where should I start? German and Austrian literature
Where should I start? Russian literature
Where should I start? Irish literature
I’m terribly unknowledgeable about? Japanese literature
Where should I start? Renaissance literature
Where should I start? French literature for intermediate level
Where should I start? French Medieval literature
Where should I start? Victorian literature
Where should I start? Contemporary literature
Reading classics to children
Children literature for adults (?)
A bit of myth, a bit of fairy tale
Short-length classics ; more here
Short stories
One last thing: books I don’t want to check out
POETRY
First things first : a few favourites
Second things second : a bunch of recs
Where should I start? Poetry
Learning French? Easy French poetry
Lesbian French poetry
Russian poetry : a few favourites
Narrative poems ; much more
Mystic poems
Poems about separation
Poems about love
Poems about happiness
Poems about exile
Poems about poetry
DRAMA
First things first : a few favourites
NON-FICTION
First things first : a few favourites ; more recent
On feminism (it’s old)
On translation
On literary analysis and adaptation
On first-level literary analysis and French movements
On biographies and diaries ; more here ; and more?
On writing theory and another one
On art history
On reader-response theory
Very lacking, but on female history
On witches
On Sufism
Literary interviews
Essays
YEARLY SUMMARY
Best of 2018 : Prose
Summary of 2018
Best of 2017 : Fiction
Best of 2017 : Poetry
Best of 2016 : Fiction
Best of 2016 : Poetry
2016 Summer reading list
2015 - 2016 awaited releases
Best of 2015 : Fiction
Best of 2015 : Poetry
THEMATIC LISTS
By character
Works featuring Persephone
Works featuring Kassandra
Works featuring male protagonists written by women
Works featuring the House as a character
Works featuring mermaids
Works featuring the femme fatale archetype
Works featuring female villains
Works with Nature as a character
Works with supernatural entities as a human double
Works with introspective characters
Works with narcissistic characters
Romances featuring softer male protagonists
Trope : Star-crossed lovers
Trope : Friends to lovers
Trope : Villainous love
Trope : Toxic mother figure
Trope : adaptating Beauty and the Beast
Trope : adaptating Bluebeard
By theme
LGBTQ+ (a terribly old and lacking list)
Books taking place in a single building
Books taking place in one House
Books taking place in a high school
Books about seeing into the Future
Books by the sea (and the few pirates)
Books set in Paris
Books about girlhood
Books about introspection and self-discovery
Books about melancholy and sadness
Books about happiness and hope
Books with symbolism and atmosphere
Books about moral corruption and spiritual decadence
Books about sex politics and philosophy
Books about the female rage
Books about or taking place during World War I
Books featuring suicides
Poems for mothers
Poems about poetry
Great love stories
Unusual love stories
Idealised, bittersweet love ; more
By genres
Rewriting Greek and Roman myths
Rewriting Fairy Tales ; and again
Writing and rewriting Arthuriana
Favourites free-to-play text-based games
Gothic and neo-gothic
Southern Gothic
Magical realism
Dystopias
Young Adult
Horror novels (but check the gothic instead)
Crime novels
Medieval historical fiction
Just, like, sappy stuff
By context
Beach reading
Travel reading
Halloween reading (spooky!)
Winter reading
Summer reading ; another
Lockdown reading (you can still ask!)
By book
Books similar to The Secret History
Books similar to Wuthering Heights ; again
Books similar to A Grief Observed
Books similar to The Brothers Karamazov
Books similar to On Being Ill
Books similar to Eros the Bittersweet
Books similar to Dracula
Excerpts similar to Dido and Aeneas parting in the Aeneid
Recommended editions of Romeo and Juliet
Recommended editions of Shakespeare’s Sonnets
Recommended editions of Wuthering Heights
Recommended translations of Tristan and Yseult
Lit criticism on Dorian Gray
Lit criticism on Sonnets to Orpheus
Books adapted to the screen (1)
Books adapted to the screen (2)
By author
Favourite French writers
Favourite Contemporary writers
What to read? By Women French writers
What to read? By Anne Carson
(And some prep reading for Anne Carson)
What to read? By Richard Siken
What to read? By Roland Barthes
What to read? By Agatha Christie
What to read? By E. A. Poe
What to read? By Daphné du Maurier
What to read? By Sylvia Plath
What to read? By Priya Sarukkai Chabria
What to read? By Hélène Cixous
What to read? On and by Branwell Brontë
If you love Anne Carson
If you love Angela Carter
If you love Louise Glück
If you love Virginia Woolf
If you love Sylvia Plath
If you love Marguerite Duras
If you love Emile Zola
If you love Colette