#2: The History of Arabs || Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ || Ustadh Abdulrahman Hassan - Class 2 Notes
(Video link)
03:52 – Al ‘Arab Al Baa’idah
The Arabs are divided into 2:
Perished, deceased (العرب البائدة), before the Prophet ﷺ came.
The following people:
‘Aad (عاد),
Thamud (ثَمُود),
Al ‘Amaliqah,
Tasm (طسم),
Jadees (جديس),
Jurhum (جرهم ; they lived in Makkah, came from Iraq to Makkah, the king of Egypt gave Hajar to Sara as a gift, Hajar birthed Ibrahim’s عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ first child; Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ), all of Hadhramaut.
Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ told Hajar to stay there in Makkah and she asked him, “Did Allah asked you (to do this)?” and he replied in the affirmative. Hajar replied, “Allah won’t forsake us.”
Ibrahim’s عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ first child and son meant a lot to them. The tribe of Jurhum drank the water of Zamzam that poured out. This shows us that Allah provides if you rely on Him like He should be relied on.
Al ‘Arab Al Baaqiyah: They are the opposite of al Baa’idah. This means they still exist through Islam. They consist of two main tribes:
Al Qahtaniyoon ( قَحْطَانِيون ) (al Qahtan Kingdom)
Also known as al Arab ul ‘Ariba ( العرب العاربة ): the pure Arabs.
Al Adnaniyun (عَدْنَانِيُّون): Also known as al Arab ul Mustariba (العرب المستعربة). This means they have been Arabized. They were not Arabs before.
The Prophet’s ﷺ lineage goes back to Adnan. There is a dispute whether Adnan was the son of Ismael or if there were nine or ten people in between them. Ismael was not an Arab.
11:38 – The Pure Arabs (Qahtaniyoon)
Al Qahtaniun ( قَحْطَانِيون )(al Qahtan Kingdom):
They are pure Arabs. They are those who live in the south of the Arabian peninsula, in Yemen and those around it. This includes the following civilizations:
Saba
Ma’een
al Lakhm
al Ulaad ul Jafnah:
The story of the last of the kings of Ulaad ul Jafna, known as Mamlaqa tu Ghasasina (مملكة الغساسنة), Kingdom of the Ghassanids.
He ended this kingdom that was going on forever. They resided in Sham. Their religion was Christianity and they were very rich. They helped the Ansar in Madinah (Aus and Khazraj) against the three tribes of the Jews: Banu Quraydah, Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir. That's why Jews in Madinah were always in a weaker position than the Ansar, even before Islam. The Ansar were stronger.
The last king this Kingdom had was Jabal ibn Ayham, he also ended it by embracing Islam in the time of Umar bin Khattab.
16:59 – The incident of the Children of Jafnah (Jabal ibn Aiham) and the morals
The last king they had was Jabal ibn Ayham. He ended the kingdom by embracing Islam in the time of Umar al Khattab. Mentioned in al Bidaya al Nihaya by ibn Kathir.
He wrote a letter to Umar that he was going to come to Madinah and accept Islam from him. This made Umar happy. The king came to Madinah to accept Islam and brought 500 soldiers clothed in gold and silver. He came in a crown. It was a famous day when he came to Madinah. Everyone came out, shocked to see them. The same year the king wanted to do Hajj with Umar. While the king was doing tawaf, a person from the Bani Fazaara tribe stepped on the king's ihram and showed his aurah (عورة) showed. He put his ihram on and slapped him. This slap damaged the man’s eye and could no longer see. Bani Fazaara complained to Umar about it. So the king came to Umar and Umar asked him if this was true. When the King said yes he was given two options:
1. Give the man of Bani Fazzara a monetary agreement.
2. The king will get slapped, too.
The king reiterated to Umar that he is a king from the kings while the other man is nothing. Thereafter, the king said he’ll go back to Christianity if Umar really was going to do this. Umar said he would take him out if he chose to go back. The king saw the seriousness of Umar and asked for another night to go over this. That night the king went back to the outskirts of Madinah where he lived and a bulk of his people agreed to pack their bags and leave with him. Others didn't. They left for Rome and they all left Islam and lived there for long.
Umar sent a letter to Herculean, the leader of Rome. The letter was delivered by a poor Ansari man. Before Herculean gave a response, he cut off a portion of his kingdom for Jabal, such as big land and money, giving him whatever he asked for. Herculean told the poor Ansari man to go see how he honoured Jabal and how he humiliated him. The Ansari went and he didn't recognize him. Jabal was wearing gold and his hair was glowing with powdered gold. When he asked for wine, the Ansari man said the Prophet ﷺ prohibited it. Jabal told him as long as his heart is good it doesn't matter what he does. So, the waiter brought in gold. The Ansari refused and got a normal cup instead. Jabal got intoxicated. Requested for singers to sing for him, and peoples praise was read on him. The poetry read on him, which was turned into music, was a poem Hasan ibn Thabit (the noble companion, Prophet’s ﷺ poet) had read for the people of Ulad al Jafna, Jabal’s people. He kept crying and asked the Ansari man if he saw Hassan ibn Thabit to which he replied in the affirmative, stating he is blind now. Jabal asked about Umar and the Ansari said everything was good, and Islam spread. He continued crying and read a poem about how they became Christians over a slap and he didn't need to ever do that, he could’ve gotten a slap back and things didn't have to be this way right now. He wished his mother never gave birth to him and he wished to go back to Madinah, even as a slave, to hold onto their religion. So he regretted it. He asked if his islam would be accepted again. The Ansari said yes but based on two conditions:
Umar marries his daughter to Jabal. (He was promised this right away).
When Umar dies, he will appoint Jabal as a leader. (The Ansari could not promise this).
Ansari left and was given gifts to take for Hassan ibn Thabit.. Ansari told Umar everything. So, Ansari went back to Jabal to let him know Umar was okay with both conditions (because he wouldn't want leadership once iman settled in his heart in Madinah). When the Ansari man reached the place where Jabal was, he saw people who were coming back from Jabal’s burial. He passed away upon evil. Jabal fell into anger, pride, takkabur which caused him to leave islam.
Anyone who gives virtue to someone based on where he's from is taking the path of shaytan. Abu Jahl was the Prophet's ﷺ uncle and Salman al Farisi was a Persian, a non-Arab, but Salman was more virtuous. Actions and efforts matter.
37:22 – The Arabised Arabs (Adnaniyoon - (عَدْنَانِيُّون)
Al Adnaniyun (عَدْنَانِيُّون):
Arabized, resided in the north, lived in Makkah.
Ibrahim came to Makkah and resided there. Ishmail married into them, learned Arabic, and taught children Arabic.
Tribes that came from Adnan:
↪Ma’ad( Adnan's child)
↪Nizar (Ma’ad’s child)
↪Rabi’ah and Mudar (both are Nazar’s children).
Majority of the Arab tribes are from Mudhar.
The famous tribes from them are:
Hawaazin, Ghatafaan, Tamim, ‘Adiyy, and Quraish (which is Fihr, whom Quraysh came from).
Bulk of Arabs were bedouins: looking for travel, and didn't stay in one place. Ahlul Badiya.
Hadr: they are urban, and live in villages, cities, and towns. Mainly the people of Yemen and those around them. Bedouins were other than that. Yemen and those around them were urban due to picking up the Roman and Persian empires’ habits. They made a great dam of Ma’arab. Utilized water for grass, goats, cattle etc.
Indeed there was for Saba’ (Sheba) a sign in their dwelling-place - two gardens on the right hand and on the left; (and it was said to them:) "Eat of the provision of your Lord, and be grateful to Him." A fair land and an Oft-Forgiving Lord!
Indeed, there was a sign for ˹the tribe of˺ Sheba in their homeland: two orchards—one to the right and the other to the left. ˹They were tol
But they turned away (from the obedience of Allâh), so We sent against them Sail Al-‘Arim (flood released from the dam), and We converted their two gardens into gardens producing bitter bad fruit, and tamarisks, and some few lote-trees.
But they turned away. So We sent against them a devastating flood, and replaced their orchards with two others producing bitter fruit, fruit
----
feel free to message for any corrections. jazakum Allahu khair.
He it is Who sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) from among themselves, reciting to them His Verses, purifying them (from the filth of disbelief and polytheism), and teaching them the Book (this Qur’ân, Islâmic laws and Islâmic jurisprudence) and Al-Hikmah (As-Sunnah: legal ways, orders, acts of worship of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم). And verily, they had been before in manifest error;
The Prophet ﷺ did two things for the people:
He was educating them, ta3leem, تعليم
He was purifying them, tazkiyyah, تزكية
Humans are created with two deficiencies:
Ignorance
Oppression
Ibn Qayyim said: “‘They had been before in manifest error’ in ayah 62:2 means ignorance and oppression. They were very common back then. The Prophet ﷺ removed that by educating and purifying them.”
Patience is the bare minimum needed to obtain tazkiyyah. The bare minimum needed for education, ta3leem, is certainty, yaqeen. With patience and certainty you reach leadership in religion.
08:39 – Revelation & Sunnah
The Prophet ﷺ educated them by reading revelation (wahi) upon them. This is a means to educate the people. Allah knows what has happened before. All the past stories, Allah knows, even now and the future and what has not yet happened and how it will happen.
Allah said those who when going to hellfire ask let us go back to the duniya to do good again and be better, Allah said if they returned they would go back to doing the same things. Hasn't happened, but if it did Allah knows this is how it'll be.
The second revelation is the Prophet's ﷺ sunnah; in his actions, in his speech and in his consent. He showed it to the people and educated them.
11:16 – Benefits of learning the seerah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and following him
Ibn Qayyim said if Isa عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ came to give life to the dead with the permission of Allah, the Prophet ﷺ came to give life to hearts with Allah's permission.
By following him you can go to Jannah, and be guided.
الثالث: عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "كل أمتي يدخلون الجنة إلا من أبى " . قيل: ومن يأبى يا رسول الله قال: " من أطاعني دخل الجنة، ومن عصاني فقد أبى" ((رواه البخاري)).
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Everyone of my Ummah will enter Jannah except those who refuse". He was asked: "Who will refuse?" He (ﷺ) said, "Whoever obeys me, shall enter Jannah, and whosoever disobeys me, refuses to (enter Jannah)". [Al- Bukhari].
Riyad as-Salihin 158
Allah and His messenger ﷺ should be more beloved than your father, your brothers, your family, your children, your wives, and your business.
The Prophet ﷺ said you are not a true believer until I become more beloved to you than your parents, children, and yourself.
حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ح وَحَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ يُؤْمِنُ أَحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ".
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said "None of you will have faith till he loves me more than his father, his children and all mankind."
Sahih al-Bukhari 15
16:46 – Love for the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and it’s levels
Imam Muslim narrated: The Prophet ﷺ said people will come from my ummah who wish to see me. He will sacrifice his women and children just to see me even once, even for a second.
Urwa never saw the Prophet’s ﷺ companions treat him so great. No other leader has companions treating their leader that great. They all run to do a command he tells them, they all look down when speaking to him, and they are quiet when he speaks.
26:53 – Reasons for studying the seerah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
Allah said they will not believe until they make the Prophet ﷺ the judge in every conflict. They don't find discomfort in his judgement. Anyone who disobeys is upon clear cut misguidance.
The only saying of the faithful believers, when they are called to Allâh (His Words, the Qur’ân) and His Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم), to judge between them, is that they say: "We hear and we obey." And such are the successful (who will live forever in Paradise).
The Jews and Christians said Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ is theirs but Allah said he is upon clear monotheism, hanifa muslimun, not a mushrik. The people who have the right to claim Ibrahim are those that follow him. Same with Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
30:13 – Importance of studying the seerah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
From the Prophet's ﷺ family, Zayn said: We used to be taught the Prophet’s ﷺ expeditions and biography the way we were taught a surah from the Quran.”
Imam Zuhri (teacher of Imam Malik) said: “In the Prophet’s ﷺ biography is knowledge of this dunya and akhira.”
Ismail ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim said: “My father used to teach us the biography of the Prophet ﷺ and used to tell us ‘this is the history of your forefather, don't forsake studying it.’”
Imam al Khateeb al Baghdadi said: “In the Prophet's ﷺ biography, there are a lot of rulings, not only stories. To know if verses abrogated another verse, we go back to the seerah.”
The Quran came down in the Prophet’s ﷺ life and situations are connected to it.
In the time of Umar, noble companions drank alcohol but they also said alcohol is halal. The companion was Kudam. Umar asked them about this and they said Allah said in the Quran that if the believers come with iman and taqwa then there is no harm in what they eat or drink. Umar told them it refers to when alcohol was made haram. “We asked about our brothers who drank alcohol before the prohibition. Where are they going to be? Are they entering Jannah or not because they used to drink?”. For them it doesn't matter what they ate or drank because the prohibition didn't even come then.
Imam ibn Jawzi said: “The foundation of ilm (knowledge) is the Prophet’s ﷺ biography.”
For any corrections or if you'd like the pdf version, please message me.
Lesson link: #1: Introduction || Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ || Ustadh Abdulrahman Hassan #amau #4k
