فول مدمس فلسطيني / Ful mudammas falastini (Palestinian fava bean dish)
Fūl mudammas is a dish of boiled and mashed fava beans often flavored with spices, aromatics, herbs, and vegetables. It is commonly considered to have originated in Egypt before spreading throughout North Africa, the horn of Africa, and the Levant.
Ful is most typically eaten as a breakfast food with bread and raw vegetables, but may also be eaten for dinner. Parsley, mint, garlic, and lemon juice add freshness and zest to the base of hearty, earthy beans. Palestinian versions of the dish are often topped with a spicy دقة ("dugga") of chili pepper, lemon juice, and garlic.
Some researchers consider fava beans to be one of the "founder crops" of the Southwest Asia. A pile of about 2,600 charred fava beans (Vicia faba) discovered in a Neolithic site in Palestine suggests that fava beans were cultivated in the Lower Galilee about 6500 to 6000 B.C.E. The wild progenitor of these cultivated beans is still unknown.
فُول ("fūl") is likely, like many Arabic words, a borrowing from the Aramaic, in which פולא ("pōlā") means "fava bean." The Arabic would then yield the Coptic "ⲫⲉⲗ" ("phel"), "bean".
مُدَمَّس ("mudammas") is probably from مُ ("mu"), verb prefix, + د م س (d m s), a verb root related to hiding, burying, and storing. This may refer to a cooking method commonly used in rural areas of North Africa and West Asia: namely, burying an earthen pot containing beans or lentils and water alongside hot embers and leaving it for several hours, or overnight.
Notes:
The Coptic romanization scheme used is LOC (Library of Congress) 2014.
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