Not to be godless on main but... there is no other home than earth, no other body that will hold your conscience, these are not places we merely inhabit, they are the very condition of our existence. We are not souls who travel the skies. We are beating hearts tied to the dirt. Pollution clouds the stars, you will not ascend to the cosmos.
Mount Vesuvius' eruption preserved the Herculaneum scrolls beneath a blanket of ash. Two millennia later, X-ray scans show that one of them
"In the 1750s, an Italian farmer digging a well stumbled upon a lavish villa in the ruins of Herculaneum. Inside was a sprawling library with hundreds of scrolls, untouched since Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 C.E. Some of them were still neatly tucked away on the shelves.
This staggering discovery was the only complete library from antiquity ever found. But when 18th-century scholars tried to unroll the charred papyrus, the scrolls crumbled to pieces. They became resigned to the fact that the text hidden inside wouldn’t be revealed during their lifetimes.
In recent years, however, researchers realized that they were living in the generation that would finally solve the puzzle. Using artificial intelligence, they’ve developed methods to peer inside the Herculaneum scrolls without damaging them, revealing short passages of ancient text.
This month, researchers announced a new breakthrough. While analyzing a scroll known as PHerc. 172, they determined its title: On Vices. Based on other works, they think the full title is On Vices and Their Opposite Virtues and in Whom They Are and About What.
“We are thrilled to share that the written title of this scroll has been recovered from deep inside its carbonized folds of papyrus,” the Vesuvius Challenge, which is leading efforts to decipher the scrolls, says in a statement. “This is the first time the title of a still-rolled Herculaneum scroll has ever been recovered noninvasively.”
On Vices was written by Philodemus, a Greek philosopher who lived in Herculaneum more than a century before Vesuvius’ eruption. Born around 110 B.C.E., Philodemus studied at a school in Athens founded several centuries earlier by the influential philosopher Epicurus, who believed in achieving happiness by pursuing certain specific forms of pleasure.
“This will be a great opportunity to learn more about Philodemus’ ethical views and to get a better view of the On Vices as a whole,” Michael McOsker, a papyrologist at University College London who is working with the Vesuvius Challenge, tells CNN’s Catherine Nicholls.
When it launched in 2023, the Vesuvius Challenge offered more than $1 million in prize money to citizen scientists around the world who could use A.I. to help decipher scans of the Herculaneum scrolls.
Spearheaded by Brent Seales, a computer scientist at the University of Kentucky, the team scanned several of the scrolls and uploaded the data for anyone to use. To earn the prize money, participants competed to be the first to reach a series of milestones.
Reading the papyrus involves solving several difficult problems. After the rolled-up scrolls are scanned, their many layers need to be separated out and flattened into two-dimensional segments. At that point, the carbon-based ink usually isn’t visible in the scans, so machine-learning models are necessary to identify the inked sections.
In late 2023, a computer science student revealed the first word on an unopened scroll: “porphyras,” an ancient Greek term for “purple.” Months later, participants worked out 2,000 characters of text, which discussed pleasures such as music and food.
But PHerc. 172 is different from these earlier scrolls. When researchers scanned it last summer, they realized that some of the ink was visible in the images. They aren’t sure why this scroll is so much more legible, though they hypothesize it’s because the ink contains a denser contaminant such as lead, according to the University of Oxford’s Bodleian Libraries, which houses the scroll.
In early May, the Vesuvius Challenge announced that contestants Marcel Roth and Micha Nowak, computer scientists at Germany’s University of Würzburg, would receive $60,000 for deciphering the title. Sean Johnson, a researcher with the Vesuvius Challenge, had independently identified the title around the same time.
Researchers are anticipating many more breakthroughs on the horizon. In the past three months alone, they’ve already scanned dozens of new scrolls.
“The pace is ramping up very quickly,” McOsker tells the Guardian’s Ian Sample. “All of the technological progress that’s been made on this has been in the last three to five years—and on the timescales of classicists, that’s unbelievable.”"
Batch of #baguettes | bread poll: t-6hrs for all bakers even kitten
Epicurean refers to a philosophy (founded by Epicurus) or a person devoted to refined, moderate sensual pleasures, particularly high-quality food, drink, and comfort. Unlike raw hedonism, it emphasizes long-term pleasure through mental peace, friendship, avoiding pain. Synonyms include gourmet, connoisseur, bon vivant, foodie, sybarite, sensualist
Nigella's Brilliant Secret for Fluffier Bread
She tells all in her new cookbook, “Cook, Eat, Repeat.”
Rebecca Firkser | Published On April 20, 2021
Starchy water. We know by now to always save at least a ladleful of that cloudy, well-salted liquid after boiling a pot of pasta, an ingredient necessary for transforming a skillet of melted fat and beaten eggs into silky carbonara, or for seamlessly melting grated Parmesan into creamy vodka sauce so the mixture becomes a proper emulsion, nary a cheese clump in sight. And what about the water used for boiling potatoes? I’ll never forget a line in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s The Long Winter: “There was no milk but Ma said, ‘leave a very little of the boiling water in, and after you mash them beat them extra hard with a big spoon.’ The potatoes turned out white and fluffy.” I haven’t made mashed potatoes with milk since—just butter and starchy water.The point is clear: Be it science or magic, that cloudy water left over from boiling pasta or potatoes holds the key to a lot of deliciousness. And where there is deliciousness, there is usually also the work of Nigella Lawson.
“In considering the elemental enjoyment of eating, I have to start with bread,” writes Nigella Lawson in her new cookbook, Cook, Eat, Repeat. “In life, there can be no pleasure without pain.” This observation is key (and much less intense if you’re familiar with French). One of the most popular bread recipes out there, observes Lawson, is Jim Lahey’s No-Knead Bread. With all-purpose flour (no need to buy fancy rye or spelt), instant yeast (no finicky starters required), and, well, no kneading (duh), it couldn’t be more straightforward. And no one loves straightforward, no-nonsense, they-just-work recipes more than Lawson. Which is why Cook, Eat, Repeat features an adaptation of Lahey’s recipe, with one major, starchy tweak. Instead of plain water in the dough mix, Lawson suggests using pasta or potato-cooking water.
“I had experimented in a much earlier book (my second, [How to Be a Domestic Goddess,] published a couple of decades ago) with using potato-cooking water (which led me to try using pasta-cooking water, which also works well),” Lawson shared in an email. “But until I started using Jim Lahey’s no-knead method, I had largely forgotten about it. But I tried it again, and was bowled away about the springiness it gave to the loaf and how much longer it kept it fresh.”
Lawson likens addition of starchy water to bread dough to tangzhong, the romanized Chinese term (roughly translating to “water roux”) for a bread-making technique similar to Japanese yudane, both of which involve a slurry or paste of cooked or heated flour and water or milk—hence the common catchall term for these loaves, milk bread. Once heated to a certain temperature (even if cooled after), flour’s starch gelatinizes, creating a fluffier, more tender bread than the average country loaf, qualities that are more typically found in enriched doughs, like brioche or challah. Lawson found that adding starchy water to raw flour in a dough mix imitates the products of this technique.
Formally, Lawson’s adaptation of Lahey’s recipe calls for 1 1/4 cups cold tap water and 1 tablespoon of lemon juice, and she explains in recipe’s headnotes when she first started playing around with this recipe, she began making the acidic addition to assist with the rise. However, subbing in last night’s pasta- or potato-cooking water (and reducing the amount of salt in the dough mix) cancels the need for lemon juice. And you don’t even have to think far ahead: Just save water post-cook—in an email, Lawson noted that “if you keep the starchy water in the fridge, it will be good for five days.”
And if you have neither starchy water nor lemon juice? Of course, Lawson has yet another solution for pillowy loaves, which you may happen to have in the back of your pantry already: instant mashed potato powder (she recommends 2 tablespoons instant mashed potatoes powder mixed in with the flour). Now that I have to try.
Aside from planning Grimoire Hart Academy, I'm also running another game using my Fables & Foxtales custom homebrew system called Epicurean: Made-to-Order Gourmet Adventures, and, as one might assume from the title, it's a cozy adventure fantasy that's all about traveling a fantastical world to find the rarest, most interesting cuisine.
But while there is a certain charm to walking long distances in search of grand bounties and cooking culinary creatures by campfire, I wanted my Epicureans to travel in a bit more style.
Introducing the Vandrarhärd, a magical wagon with the power to collect the energy of happy memories, which can then be used to change the interior of the vehicle.
As you can see, I crafted up some mechanics for how this actually works. The PCs gain Serenity by way of making meaningful memories on their journey, whether by sharing a delicious meal, accomplishing a great deed, or bonding with the world around them.
I left the ability to design these rooms up to the PCs, and so far, they've really seemed to enjoy it. One of my PCs is a centaur from a nomadic desert-dwelling society, so her room is large and round, and loaded with pillows.
Furthermore, I made the options vague enough to allow the PCs to come up with anything they could want, and thus craft up their own little 'dream headquarters' in a fantasy world. As someone who has always admired 'vanlife' and 'schoolie' builds online, but will no doubt never have the disposable income for such a thing, I rather enjoyed putting this together, and can't wait to see what my players do with it!
If one of your current characters suddenly became an Epicurean, what kind of place would their Vandrarhärd look like?
PS, for those wondering, the original artist of the placeholder image is Pang P, who you can find on Artstation. Obviously, I don't claim their art as my own, but the image directly inspired the look and feel of the Vandrarhärd, and I thought it would make a fun visual aid to include!