#historical research

[thesecrethistori-an]

✨Monday✨ reset this week after a much-needed Easter break

Tulips are dying but they still look pretty 🌷

I need this week to be fruitful –lots of archival work and academic writing ahead

[the-merry-otter]

This feels a little silly of me to ask, but you're the only SCA person I'm familiar with on here (a tragedy tbh, I need to check out more). I'm curious, are there good places online that you recommend for finding out more history about the middle ages that's accurate and not been filtered through by AI and oversimplification? I feel like when I do surface level searches, it's not very fruitful. I'm mostly interested in the Anglo-Celtic isles, but general history is also very useful! The stuff y'all SCA folks do is incredibly cool to me, and I hope maybe someday I'll be able to poke my head into an event and maybe even participate when I have the time and energy to. Thank you for posting so much interesting stuff and brightening my dash, I hope you have a good day! :^)

It can definitely be a struggle sometimes, especially when starting out. It can also depend on what type of resources you’re looking to find - are you wanting politics, general life, material life (aka objects or clothing), etc.

I have found some luck with blogs run by reenactors, particularly when it comes to researching material life. YouTube also has some good historians, but you have to seperate the wheat from the chaff. I think my favourite is The Welsh Viking, who covers a wide range of historical topics.

When finding sources online, check what sources they are using. This can help discern how trustworthy they are.

The other way is to join groups or forums of other reenactors and see what digital stuff we have to share. For example, here’s my Google drive folder of all my digital historical resources. Not everything in there is useful, and I cannot guarantee the accuracy of some of the sources, but there’s nothing in there I’m aware of that’s egregiously bad (and none of it is AI). You can tell my area of interest mostly focuses on medieval Europe based on how many more sources are in that folder as opposed to the others xD.

I’m also almost certain that this post will be added onto by my reenactor mutuals, so also come check out the reblogs in a couple of days to see what other people have to say!

Good luck, and welcome to the community :)

[wordswithoutaworld]

The Polish authorities decided to send back to Russia the Russian archaeologist Alexander Butyagin, who was actively involved in literally stealing Ukrainian archaeological artifacts from territories occupied by Russia, so that he can continue looting Ukrainian heritage and helping Russia appropriate it — how great.

Especially considering that Ukraine had consistently insisted on the extradition of Russian citizen Butyagin in order to bring him to criminal responsibility in Ukraine.

A Polish court had initially approved this request, but as of today, he ended up being part of an exchange with Belarus and Moldova.

“One of the people we exchanged is a Russian historian who was in the process of being extradited to Ukraine,” said Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski.

And the Russian outlet “Interfax” quotes confirmation from the FSB press service that Alexander Butyagin is among those returning to Russia.

[softie-draws]

Hi! I have recently gotten back into drawing and close to two.months ago I started learning ukrainian and I really want to draw (more) things related to ukrainian culture but I am always worried about accidentaly using a reference of something related to russian culture etc..

Do you have a tip.on how I can make sure?

Hello and thank you for your question!

First of all, I'd love to hug you (if you'd like that) because seeing people learning Ukrainian language and culture and drawing things related to Ukraine always warms my silly little heart🤧💜

Idyll, 1908

Here's a nice old Mykola Pymonenko painting for you to look at (cause look how peaceful and pretty it is!)

Now, let's talk a little bit about searching for references.

Luckily, when it comes to clothes, Ukrainian and russian folk clothing is actually pretty damn different (yet another stone at the "brotherly nations" narrative). You are much more likely to confuse a Ukrainian costume with, say, a Romanian or Polish one than a russian one.

(Ukrainian (on the left) vs russian (on the right) clothing on historical photography. I'm just saying that they're pretty darn different)

The problem is, of course, that russia is constantly trying to appropriate the Ukrainian costume (as they do with anything else), so you are likely to see misguiding descriptions or comments (as shown here).

So our goal today is to learn how to tell apart Ukrainian and russian costumes (trust me, it is not that hard), talk about certain traditions that are more likely to be either one or the other, and then I'll list some foolproof tips for anyone out there looking for references 💜

Here is the thing: the most iconic thing in Ukrainian traditional clothing is most likely the vyshyvanka — a traditional embroidered shirt. That's an element you won't see in russian clothing. Period. As I've said, it's much easier to confuse Ukrainian clothing with our other neighbours.

The elements you will probably not find in Ukrainian clothing are the kosovorotka (a shirt with the collar that's kinda off-centred) and the kokoshnik (a piece of headwear that's usually attributed specifically to russia). Also, traditionally, you aren't likely to see a Ukrainian woman wear a sarafan (a type of upper dress without sleeves), since most women in Ukraine wore long shirts as a base with a variety of types of skirts and upper pieces on top separately, depending on the region, weather and status. We also have to keep in mind that the people from the cities and the villages dressed differently for different purposes, and that the financial status determined the amount of accessories and the type of materials one could wear. For example, Ukrainian girls "invested" and wore a lot of necklaces, one of which could cost a lot, like, more than two bulls or something. Definitely a big status symbol and probably the reason I love layering necklaces so much.

The more necklaces, the better! These girls get it!

Another thing — there are regions in russia that used to be overwhelmingly populated by Ukrainians, and so the costumes would be more similar to those from Ukraine, because they are of Ukrainian origin. Duh. Regions like belgorod, voronezh, kursk etc.

When it comes to traditions, it is a little more difficult, because during the Schism of the russian Church a lot of the old traditions originating in russia were forcibly replaced to match the canons from Greece and Kyiv(!). Since religion was a central part of a person's life back in the day, a lot of the traditions might be similar. Another reason they might be similar would be the process of russification in both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

Some of the authentic Ukrainian traditions that did not exist in russia: vechornytsi (a tradition of young people's social gatherings (those were spicy as well 👀)); the tradition of Malanka (costumed NYE celebration, usually including a goat mask and the Christmas stars (zvizda), Christmas and New Year carols (literally don't exist in russia so they translate ours🤡). In general, Ukrainian traditions are more connected to agrarian life and are more individualistic and egalitarian in nature, the russian traditions are more collectivist hierarchical (a lot more patriarchal, too).

Ukrainians all over the world celebrating Christmas

Now for the foolproof (almost, because nothing in this world is a 100% guarantee, of course) method for finding references!

So, you may have noticed that Pinterest and Google search kind of suck in separating Ukrainian and russian culture overall. Here are a few more or less reliable sources you could use instead:

1. This Wikipedia article about Ukrainian traditional clothing (in Ukrainian, but it has the most information by region, and also provides evidence in historical photography, illustrations and paintings)

2. The internet pages for ethnographic museums: for example, National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art or Ivan Honchar Museum. The Ukrainian museums from abroad can also be very helpful, since they may include heirlooms that would otherwise be destroyed or sold in the colonisation processes.

3. Historical literature, magazines and illustrations: for example, Striy can be very helpful here.

4. Historical paintings! The National Library of Ukraine has a great selection to start.

5. If you want something more modern, ethnic photographer Anna Senik has really interesting looks and perspective to offer!

Hope this helps! 💜

P.S.: I don't know what happened, but the post got recovered! I am super happy, since I put a lot of time and effort into this! Hope you enjoy it!

[history-for-magpies]

"Why should kids learn cursive writing these days?!"

For starters, it's a really good way of developing fine motor control, dexterity.

But also, as a historian, I think it's less about being able to write in cursive, and more about being able to read cursive writing.

As much as we like to think that "everything is digitised these days, everything's online!" there are qualifications to that.

We'll gloss over the fact that not everything is online. There are millions of texts with a wealth of information that have not yet - and may never be - digitised, but that's another topic entirely.

A vast number of the things that are digitised and online are scans or photos of documents written in cursive handwriting. Very few institutions have the resources to transcribe all of those documents, to type them up. Losing the ability to read cursive means losing access to a massive amount of documents produced more than 50-odd years ago. We're losing primary sources, not because they aren't there, but because they can't be read anymore.

Your grandma's recipe book. The letters your great-grandpa sent home from the war. The census for your city in 1876.

Not gone, but inaccessible.

[dresshistorynerd]

That ChatGPT ask about The Great Famine made me think about how generative AI is so devastating for historical understanding, but especially the understanding of dress history. There's a lot of completely inaccurate history AI slop, both generated images and writing. I'm always searching primary source images, but even then I've started to come across the occasional AI generated image, which is always very bad. Google image search is at this point almost useless.

The issue is that there's so much outdated information and frankly misinformation about history in the internet and in other source materials the AI scraps. This is of course an issue with many other fields as well, but history definitely belong to the fields which have most misinformation spread about them. When a human armed with a bit of critical thinking comes across a source they can evaluate it's validity. But AI doesn't have critical thinking. It can't think. So if there's a lot of sources, which peddle the same common misconception, AI weights it above what the few rigorous academic sources say. And then the AI becomes basically a misinformation peddling machine. And there's no way of finding our where it got it's information. Even the AI doesn't really know because of the way it works, and that's why, when you try to ask it, it tries to scours for sources that say similar things it was saying rather than giving the actual source it got the information from. And if it doesn't find a source? Well, it might hallucinate one. This is of course an issue in multiple level not just because it's filling the internet with misinformation and drowning out reliable information. It's also basically a plagiarism machine.

This is even worse with dress history than most historical fields, because dress history is such a new field and there's comparatively very little quality research. Even many historians of different fields peddle a lot of old misconceptions of dress history (sometimes you even come across a fairly new paper on dress history and there's some misconception repeated as a truth). So of course AI is very unlikely to produce anything close to accurate information on dress history.

So to see for myself how bad it actually is (and to have a bit of laugh) I decided to try out ChatGPT for the first time. I decided I would ask it a question I have answered in a blog post myself before to see how close (or far) it got.

Here's what I asked: "When did it become socially acceptable for men to wear dresses?"

I have written a very long post on this before found here.

And here's the answer ChatGPT gave with my commentary:

The idea of men wearing dresses has evolved significantly over time, with different periods in history showcasing varying degrees of acceptance. In general, men have worn clothing that could be considered "dress-like" at various points in history, though the specific social context has changed. 1. Ancient and Medieval Times: Men in many ancient cultures, including the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, wore tunics, robes, or other garments that we might now think of as dresses. These were considered appropriate for men, often signifying social status, wealth, or ceremonial importance.

Not bad, though this makes it sound like men only wore dresses to signify status, wealth or ceremonial importance, when in fact all men wore dresses. I also made a point in my post to say these were dresses, not just "dress-like". They were (mostly) constructed and (mostly) called the same as the equivalent clothing women wore, so of course I take issue with the framing.

2. Renaissance and Early Modern Period: During the Renaissance and up through the 17th century, men’s fashion included elaborate gowns, skirts, and dresses, often with frills, lace, and rich fabrics. These were considered fashionable and elegant for men, particularly among the aristocracy.

Here's were we're getting to the inaccurate territory. Yes still during renaissance men were wearing dresses, however it was becoming fashionable among especially young noble (and soldier class) men to wear extremely tiny skirts, until they stopped being skirts and turned into very fitted thighs (hose) and doublet. It was the period when dress became increasingly less acceptable for men to wear, but it was precisely lower class and peasant men, who were slower to follow the new fashions and masculine standards, not very surprisingly. But by Early Modern Period it had become unacceptable for men to wear dresses. Yes, there was still hems at points, but those were coat hems, which might seem like basically the same as a skirt hem, but conceptually they were different. It's the same today. No one thinks nothing of it if a man is wearing a long overcoat, with buttons closed, on top of a suit, but if they are wearing thighs and same length skirt? Well, for the next couple of weeks you'll get outrage op-eds and conservative influencers losing their minds over "the death of Western civilization".

Also in 1600s (roughly around 1630s-1660s) rich fabrics and elaborated detailing was not fashionable, not among women and certainly not among men. Men's fashion especially favoured a lot of black and other dark and neutral tones, influenced by somber religious atmosphere influenced by the all the Reformations and Counter-Reformations and wars about them going on at the time. (Of course there's some counter examples, but the general statement ChatGPT gave to me is simple incorrect.)

3. 18th and 19th Century: By the 18th century, Western fashion for men became more structured, and by the Victorian era (19th century), men were expected to wear trousers, waistcoats, and suits (my comment: you mean coat right, ChatGPT?? suit already encompases trousers and waistcoat). The shift towards more gender-specific clothing for men and women took root, and women’s dresses became more ornate and feminine, while men’s clothing became more utilitarian and restrictive.

First of all the height of structuring in Western fashion for both men and women, was during the Elizabethan Era, and additionally men's fashion got briefly a little less structured during the 18th century. As I explain in my post about the actual origins of modern men's suit (it was not Beau Brummel), the three piece suit with trousers, waistcoat and coat was popularized in 1670s. Women's dresses becoming more "feminine" means literally nothing when what was feminine was just seen differently. Of course it became more feminine in our modern eyes, when we get closer to the present day in the historical timeline, because modern femininity was being formed at the time. Men's fashion did become more utilitarian (I talk about a bit about the reasons why in the post about three piece suit above), but I wouldn't call it more restrictive necessarily.

Points for ChatGPT though for acknowledging that fashion became more gender specific around 18th and 19th centuries.

4. 20th Century: The 20th century saw men in dresses or skirts make occasional appearances in fashion, especially in avant-garde or countercultural movements. For example, in the 1920s, some male actors in Hollywood (my comment: here it's "forgetting" where it's going with the sentence, because it doesn't understand what a cohesive sentence means), such as Marlene Dietrich’s famous cross-dressing moments, challenged gender norms. In the 1960s and 1970s, figures like David Bowie, with his androgynous style, brought more attention to the concept of men wearing dresses as part of a wider push for gender fluidity in fashion.

The fact that cross-dressing became more acceptable in the early 20th century for women and people seen as women, didn't really do anything (or very little) to the make cross-dressing more acceptable for men, or those seen as such. Counter culture fashions in 70s and 80s were much more accepting of androgynous men and men wearing skirts, but the wider mainstream fashion was absolutely not accepting of that, definitely not outside the rock icons, who themselves were also side-eyed a lot.

5. Late 20th to 21st Century: By the 1990s and 2000s, with the rise of gender nonconformity and movements pushing for gender equality and expression, men wearing dresses became more visible and socially accepted. Public figures like Prince, Kurt Cobain, and later, celebrities like Harry Styles and Billy Porter, have worn dresses and skirts as part of their personal style, pushing the boundaries of traditional gendered fashion.

It's absolutely still not seen as acceptable for men to wear dresses. Yes, couple of celebrities have done that, and yes there's alternative fashion and queer people who do that, but if you take a look at how people in legacy and social media talk about them, it's pretty obvious that's not socially acceptable in the mainstream.

In essence, it became more socially acceptable for men to wear dresses as part of a broader cultural shift toward embracing non-binary gender expression and rejecting rigid gender norms, especially in the 21st century. Celebrities, designers, and activists have played key roles in challenging the old norms, making fashion more inclusive and fluid. This acceptance continues to grow in many parts of the world, although social attitudes can still vary greatly depending on cultural context.

"A broader cultural shift toward embracing non-binary gender expression and rejecting rigid gender norms." Laughing crying. Yeah, there was a cultural shift, but clearly it was not super broad. It's really laughable to suggest in the heart of the reactionary backlash moment that it's somehow broadly socially acceptable for men to wear dresses.

Also this "although social attitudes can still vary greatly depending on cultural context" makes it sound like outside the western context, which this answer is all about, the attitudes haven't changes as much, when in fact outside the western context dresses for men are much more often acceptable and part of the cultural norms.

Perhaps it was unfair of me to ask my question in a misleading way, since the answer to "when did it become acceptable for men to wear dresses" is "it was for a very long time, but it's not anymore". But this is part of the issue with ChatGPT and similar text based AI. When you ask them a question they will take the assumptions of the question and run with them, even if the assumptions in the question are completely false. It's not just a misinformation machine, but a misinformation machine designed to reinforce your preconceived notions. For example if you would ask ChatGPT "why were corsets unhealthy?" it might answer with a very long answer full of pseudoscientific misinformation straight from the mouths of Victorian eugenists. I did that and the answer was extremely predictably. I'm not going to go through all that since is was so very long and this is getting long enough, but for a taste, after all the bullshit reasons it gave, here's what it wrote at the end:

Why Corsets Were Worn Despite Health Risks: Fashion and Aesthetic Appeal: Corsets were primarily worn to achieve a specific beauty standard that emphasized an extremely small waist and a curvy figure. This was considered a symbol of femininity, refinement, and social status during certain historical periods. Cultural Norms: The societal pressure to conform to the idealized figure meant many women endured discomfort and health risks to fit into the norms of the time.

The biggest eyeroll. Of course nothing about how it distributes the weight of the boobs much more comfortably in the waist rather than the shoulders, or how the heavy dresses people wore needed support or movement would have been very difficult, or how it was an easy way to alter the body, any kind of body, to the fashionable silhouette without needing any invasive procedures or dangerous diets. The most classic, most predictable corset misinformation. This is exactly what I meant at the beginning. The internet is so full of this bullshit already, in the AI algorithm it makes it true.

The lesson is: do not use ChatCPT as your search engine and don't trust it as your source of information. There is numerous of issues with generative AI and the spread of misinformation is certainly one of the biggest, seeing how much death and destruction misinformation has caused only with vanilla social media. I'm afraid to think about the repercussions of refining that metaphorical misinformation machine with the literal misinformation machine. If you want to do research into dress history yourself, but don't know where to start, rather than asking ChatGPT, here's my tips for where to start.

Also be skeptical of the sources you find in the internet, including everything I write. In the age of generative AI it's even more important to use proper sourcing. I'm definitely not perfect about this, since I'm extremely chaotic in my research most of the time and bad at keeping my sources in good order (I don't want to do boring stuff when researching for my hobby, I do that enough for uni), but I'm making an effort to be better about it, at least for my more structured posts. But if you want to know any sources I've used for any reason, when I haven't listed them, you're always free to ask. I might have it somewhere among my 500 open tabs still open, or I might still be able to find it again. So anyway, be skeptical of writings (again, including mine) which don't have sources listed, not just because it could be AI, but also because the same issues apply outside AI - it's much harder to evaluate how trustworthy the writing is or to know weather it's plagiarized.

[baudouinette]

my masterlist (under construction)

sources of interest (Baldwin IV)

MY ARCHIVE.ORG LIST

Letter from Baudouin and Sibylle

Letter from Baldwin to Constance of France (1177)

(more letters)

Letter of condolences from Saladin to Baldwin IV after his father, King Amaury’s passing. (1174)

A History of deeds done beyond the sea by William of Tyre

The Leper King and his heirs

I also recommend taking a look at his genealogy/family tree!

You can find it and other pertinent trees in the Leper King and his heirs as well.

I saw in comments and messages, both here and on TikTok, that there’s been some new people joining the community, and asking me for pointers on a variety of related subjects, so as a historical divulger since my early teens, I wanted to offer a few of my fav starting places for reading real documents of the time. And others to gain a little perspective of the real side of things.

Add your own sources and resources! I would add more myself, but I don’t have time to look through my 400+ open tabs and remember it all lmaooo but I will update this into a masterlist along the way if u wish :3 (and if you know of better quality alternatives to the ones I’ve linked lmk)

Edit: give me some time and I will sporadically update with my resources. They’re just super scattered and some I just forget about because they’re from ages ago. So I might have to dig.

Seguramente traduciré al español algunos de estos documentos, si están interesados 🤍

My ko-fi to donate if you enjoy or use any of my work, or if you want to commission smth <3

In [ ] are some of the things that still need to be linked or written (many others are still not even mentioned)

Crusades/Kingdom of Jerusalem resources

•The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem C. R. Conder

•The feudal nobility and the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277

•Feudal monarchy in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100 to 1291

•Frankish rural settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem

Crusader Bible

Armor of Saracen and Crusader armies (PDF)

Calculate routes (based on roman era, but can be applied)

1st, 2nd, 3rd crusades (YT)

Crusader orders (YT)

Order of Saint Lazarus (would like to add my own. Give me time lol)

Templar ≠ Crusader (YT)

Templar armor and weapons (YT)

General medieval resources (gear + clothing, weaponry, etc)

Research Studies by David Nicolle!!

12th century illustrations: costume and armor

[one-handed knightly swords (later called arming swords)]

Ewart Oakeshott: Western Sword Typology info: links [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] (a brief consideration of interpreting and rationalizing typology, the logic and common sense of applying them within a historical context—in this video)

The forging of a type XII sword (YT) *the most likely type for high ranking knights/nobles, and royals, garnering popularity in this era over the XI and Xa, for its balance & versatility.

The sword in the age of chivalry

A knight and his weapons

A knight and his armor

A Knight and his horse

Medieval horses: Destriers. This article is not entirely correct, but it makes a half-valid point. I have my own interpretations and theories about destrier types (it is not a horse breed, but a type, therefore, there are many variations). I also have a couple of pics of stocky PRE horses near me that seem like a perfect example of one of those variations.

The saracens typically used mares. The use of geldings for any army was also the norm, however, many (crusaders) also rode stallions, which in battle would get distracted by the mares 🤦🏽‍♀️😂

a video by modern history tv 🐎 (btw Ghost is how I imagine Lialusin in HCW!! haha

[Scimitar typology]

Modern History TV (YT)

Scholagladiatoria

Shadiversity (YT) (ik he’s controversial, but doesn’t mean u can’t learn stuff from some vids, especially the collabs)

Helmets (give Baldwin a helmet, for the Lord’s sake). Crowned helms, enclosed, nasal and spangenhelm types, brimmed kettle hat, flat top, torse/turban helms, early great helm (very late 12th century at the earliest)

Chainmail & gambesons (YT)

[Shields] kite shields, round shields

Common garments (YT)

12th century women's fashion (YT)

Medieval clothing terms

Armenian-Cilician armor (page with many links)

Medieval medicine (YT)

Hygene (YT) (can't find the video rn)

Old French language resources

Dictionnaire de l’ancien français

Petite syntaxe de l’ancien français

A breakdown of Yvain le chevalier

La chanson de Roland (YT)

The sound of Old French (YT)

Old French playlist (Spotify)

To make my phrases, conjugations, and translations quickly, I use wiktionary :)

Monastic Sign Languages

Facts to take into consideration:

Castles: Typically, get used to forgetting that bare stone look. This could be true for new/hastily constructed castles and fortifications. But established infrastructure would be lime-washed/plastered. Many times painted. Many times colorful. On the inside, too—n they would be decorated, and full of tapestries. The more important a lordship (and where more often the King would pass through (royal castles)) and the more wealthy an area, the more true this would be. Churches would be colorful too. Painted with many motifs and icons. Mosaics can be included in your descriptions in many places too. Some classic Roman or Greek, some Byzantine, some local.

Church of the Holy Sepulcher & Edicule info

Architecture: Romanesque, Romanesque x Eastern styles, Byzantine (many domes, like even the dome of the rock, and mosaics, are to be distinguished as Byzantine design), Islamic (the decoration choices differ from non-islamic Arab art and architecture sometimes, iconoclasm in some doctrines or sects dictating this)... Generally avoid the use of Gothic achitecture in this specific period & place/setting. Ik it's tempting as it is the most represented type in medieval-y art and all, but those kinds of windows and pinacles and stuff were only being developed, so full cathedrals would not be the norm, less in Jerusalem & co.

"Catapults" & trebuchets

[Water supply/distribution/availability] / diseases associated

[General supply of goods to the Kingdom] —ports like Jaffa, Akka, Ascalon, Beirut, Tyr.

[The city of Jerusalem in contrast to the movie]

Royal Court:

Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem:

Constable: (second) in command of the army, judged military legal cases, paid mercenaries. On coronations, he held the King’s horse.

(1152-1179) Onfroi II de Toron

(1179-1194) Aimery de Lusignan

Marshal: next-in-command to constable. In charge of the military horses and mercenaries. He assisted the constable in coronations.

(c. 1179) “John”

(c. 1179) Gérard de Ridefort

Seneschal: managed the finances and royal castles, presided the haute cour in king’s absence. He administered the coronation ceremony.

(c. 1176) “Ralph”

(1176-1190) Josselin III d’Edesse

Chamberlain: in charge of the royal household and chambers, and servants. Had many other honorary or unofficial duties. Had to be of the utmost discretion. He would robe the king on coronation day.

(1175-1178) Amaury de Lusignan

(c. 1179) “John”

(c. 1184) “Raymond”

(1183-1185) Balian d’Ibelin

Butler: In charge of the royal table and vineyards.

(1185-1196) “Miles”

Chancellor: drew up deeds and charters and managed the diplomatic service. Usually clergymen.

(1174-1183) Guillaume de Tyr

(c. 1177) “Lambert”

Bailiff: regent in case of absence or minority of the legitimate ruler.

(1173-1177) Raymond III de Tripoli

(1177) Renaud de Châtillon

(1183-1185) Guy de Lusignan

Viscount and Castellan: Keeping criminality in check and administering justice. Not of high importance. Sometimes both offices were occupied by one person.

Castellan:

Rohard de Jaffa (1165-1177)

Balian de Jaffa (1178)

Peter of Creseto (1178)

Royal physician(s)

Kingdom of Heaven original script

My stories:

Heaven Can’t Wait (Baldwin x OC)

The King's Lazarette/La Lazarette du Roi (Baldwin x time traveler OC) (assassin’s creed inspired)

REPEL (Baldwin x leper OC) (Greek tragedy style)

Sidi Mansour (Saladin x OC)

To be published:

Dragons of Outremer/d’Outremer: a dragon fantasy AU inspired by ASOIAF and HTTYD in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. OC is a Zoroastrian Kurd with ties to Iran & Armenia.

Vide Cor Meum/He cries tears of silver: ‘Modern’ AU one-shot. Baldwin x blind OC

[Sultan AU]

ART/Find me on:

My DeviantArt

My Pinterest

My instagram

My Youtube

My mods on NexusMods

Spotify:

KoH-coded music (would fit into the movie ambience)

Playlist for Heaven Can’t Wait + other Baldy stories

My Kennedy stories:

Queen on her own color (JFK x OC)

A Chuisle Mo Chroí (JFK x OC)

Wild Thing (RFK x OC)

[Working Medieval Arthurian AU (JFK x time traveler OC) + Outlander & Disney vibes]

[nemeyuko]

Fun fact the term “transvestite” was first coined the same year as Herbert West killing a guy (1910)

Yes, I looked it up to be historically accurate on writing Herbert West as trans in a fan fic about the short story.