29 August 1737 – 13 March 1821
The FIRST FLEET & second Governor of Sydney, NSW
Hunter was an officer in the English Royal Navy, a sailor and a scholar.
Hunter was born in Leith, Scotland, the son of a captain who lived with his uncle in King’s Lynn, Norfolk and Edinburgh. Instead of attending University he chose a career in the navy.
The First Fleet was planned to transport convicts from Great Britain to Sydney, Australia to start a new colony. During preparations, Hunter was appointed captain in 1786 to command the ship, HMS Sirius. The First Fleet was under the command of Arthur Phillip who was to govern the first colony of NSW. The First Fleet arrived at Port Jackson January 1788.
Hunter explored the Parramatta River in 1788 which may have been the first time there was contact between the British and the Australian aboriginal people of the Wangal Clan.
In 1789, he was sent to gain supplies, the voyage was difficult, and the ship was caught in a storm whilst anchored and was driven into a coral reef and became wrecked. Some of the crew returned to Port Jackson on the HMS Supply, the remainder, including Hunter waited nearly a year in Norfolk Island before they could leave. Hunter and some of his men returned to England where he published his work about his travels.
Arthur Phillip resigned, and Hunter was made governor in 1794. He left England and returned to Sydney in September 1795 on HMS Reliance and started working on 11 September. During his absence, those in Sydney struggled, especially the convicts who were cruelly exploited. The military gained control of courts, lands, stores and convict labour. Even though Hunter was described as professional and a worthy man, it was his job to restore balance, with this he made enemies and complaints about him were sent to those in charge in England. He was recalled to England in 1799, and Philip Gidley King became governor in 1880.
Hunter remained interested in Australia whilst in Leith. He died in his London Georgian terrace, Hackney in 1821, aged 83.
His name is commemorated in the Hunter Valley and Hunter Street, Sydney.
#johnhunter #firstfleet #australianhistory #parramattariver