What is the Importance of Nitrogen Cycle?
The Nitrogen cycle is defined as the biogeochemical cycle process that involves transforming the inert nitrogen that is available in the atmosphere, into a more usable or conventional form, that can be actively used by plants, and various living organisms.
Moreover, the nitrogen cycle as said above involves multiple processes such as putrefaction, denitrification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation, and decay. Besides, nitrogen exists in two forms in nature, sustainable or organic nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen. Furthermore, the inorganic nitrogen in the atmosphere is more abundant compared to organic nitrogen. And because of the Nitrogen cycle, the abundant inorganic nitrogen is converted into organic nitrogen and it is passed up into the food chain to balance the ecosystem.
Importance of Nitrogen Cycle
From the above description, you can guess, that the nitrogen cycle is very important. And here in this section, we will list some of its significance or contributions to the ecosystem.
As we begin to narrate the importance of the nitrogen cycle, the first point that has to be essentially noted is that the nitrogen cycle causes biochemical processes, which help inert nitrogen gas to get converted into a usable form for plants.
Nitrogen is a very crucial part of the cell, as it is an important component in the formation of various biomolecules.
The Photosynthesis process in plants involved chlorophyll, is possible only because of the nitrogen compounds.
Moreover, the nitrogen cycle also causes the ammonification process, which involves bacteria that converts animal and plant platter, through decomposition.
Due to the nitrogen cycle, nitrates and nitrites are released into the soil, which will boost productivity of the soil.
As per the importance of the nitrogen cycle, let us note that activities, such as fuel combustion, and the use of fertilizers with nitrogen content also lead to the cycling of nitrogen. In these cases, nitrogen-holding compounds increase in their levels in the atmosphere. As nitrogen converts itself into compounds, its abundance in the atmosphere can be effectively harnessed. Because plants use nitrogen compounds immensely.
As explained above, there are multiple stages in the Nitrogen Cycle, which we are going to explain briefly here in this section.
Nitrogen Fixation Process
Nitrogen fixation is the first step in the nitrogen cycle. This process takes multiple steps, First, the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into inert form, which is then converted into Ammonia (NH3). By the end of this process, the nitrogen is deposited into the soil and surface waters, mainly by precipitation. Moreover, the nitrogen fixation process is possible only because of a symbiotic bacteria called Diazotrophs. Aside from these various other bacteria like Rhizobium and Azotobacter can also be used in this process. As explained, these bacteria are stored in the roots of the leguminous plants and they aid in converting inert nitrogen into ammonia. Apart from this, lightning and artificial methods can also be used for the nitrogen fixation process.
Some of the ways in which nitrogen fixation can happen is atmospheric fixation features lightning, artificial, and mostly the industrial way of fixation where ammonia is processed or manufactured at high temperatures and pressure
This forms the prelude in understanding the importance of the nitrogen cycle.
The nitrification happens in two steps. The ammonia deposited into the earth’s atmosphere is converted into nitrate with the help of the bacteria in the soil. Now the nitrites formed are transformed into the oxidation of the ammonia process, with the help of Nitrosomonas bacteria species. Then Nitrobacter is used to convert the nitrites into nitrates. The bacteria get energy with this transformation.
2NH3 + 3O2 → 2NO2– + 2H+ + 2H2O
This is the process that explains how plants absorb nitrogen from the roots. The Nitrates, Nitrites, and ammonium compounds enter the plants through the soil and help them develop, grow, and evolve. In this way, these components make their way into the food chain.
All the plants and animals when they die, undergo a decomposition process, that releases ammonium gas into the atmosphere. However, this process is possible only because of the virus and bacteria present in the soil.
This is known as the reverse process of nitrification, and it occurs in the deeper crests of the soil where bacteria convert NO3- to N2 and other gaseous compounds such as NO2.
After a point of time, the nitrogen components in the plants and soil ecosystems are transferred back into the air through the denitrification process. This method involves converting nitrate (NO3-) into Nitrogen in the gaseous form. However, one thing the students must remember is that there is no oxygen present during this process.
In the above article, we have provided comprehensive information about the nitrogen cycle, the stages of the nitrogen cycle, the importance of the nitrogen cycle, and many more. If you are studying similar complex topics in Biology, and have any issues understanding it, then it would be better to join the online coaching classes. One such online interactive class is offered by the Tutoroot platform, which provides various amazing benefits for the students.
