hello yes this is tarte!! One Piece | Marvel
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There's this sort of anthropomorphizing that inherently happens in language that really gets me sometimes. I'm still not over the terminology of "gravity assist," the technique where we launch satellites into the orbit of other planets so that we can build momentum via the astounding and literally astronomical strength of their gravitational forces, to "slingshot" them into the direction we need with a speed that we could never, ever, ever create ourselves. I mean, some of these slingshots easily get probes hurtling through space at tens of thousands of miles per hour. Wikipedia has a handy diagram of the Voyager 1 satellite doing such a thing.
"Gravity assist." "Slingshot." Of course, on a very basic and objective level, yes, we are taking advantage of forces generated by outside objects to specifically help in our goals. We're getting help from objects in the same way a river can power a mill. And of course we call it a "slingshot," because the motion is very similar (mentally at least; I can't be sure about the exact physics).
Plus, especially compared to the other sciences, the terminology for astrophysics is like, really straightforward. "Black hole?" Damn yeah it sure is. "Big bang?" It sure was. "Galactic cluster?" Buddy you're never gonna guess what this is. I think it's an effect of the fact that language is generally developed for life on earth and all the strange variances that happen on its surface, that applying it to something as alien and vast as space, general terms tend to suffice very well in a lot more places than, like... idk, botany.
But, like. "Gravity assist." I still can't get the notion out of my head that such language implies us receiving active help from our celestial neighbors. They come to our aid. We are working together. We are assisted. Jupiter and the other planets saw our little messengers coming from its pale blue molecular cousin, and we set up the physics just right, so that they could help us send them out to far stranger places than this, to tell us all about what they find out there.
We are assisted.
And there is no better way to illustrate my feelings on the matter than to just show you guys one of my favorite paintings, this 1973 NASA art by Rick Guidice to show the Pioneer probe doing this exact thing:
"... You, sent out beyond your recall,
go to the limits of your longing.
Embody me. ..."
For the painting especially there’s a beauty in depicting some of our most advanced technology as synonymous with the most ancient. Very few people throughout history have had the privilege of seeing the face of Jupiter but many would recognize the sling thrower immediately.
Correction to the link sourced by OP! The Artemis II team did not take these photographs. These were shot by a Ukrainian student named Ildar Ibatullin sometime in the last year or so. Furthermore, the Moon does not have these actual colors in reality; Ildar does a lot of post processing and compositing to saturate the colors in order to artistically represent the mineral composition of the lunar surface.
If you would like to see photos taken by the astronauts aboard Artemis II (and more!), here is the repository that NASA is keeping.
the immigrant law centre of minnesota is providing free counsel to people who are currently detained. msp mag has a longer list of rent relief & mutual aid funds to donate to. ice violence is only going to escalate from here; if you're not in the twin cities and have the means please consider supporting from afar 💗
Vinyl records are circular because it's an efficient use of space: the grooves that encode the music are laid out in a spiral on the disc, so that the needle only has to move as far as the disc's radius to read the entire thing. Before this clever idea was thought of, the grooves were instead laid out in a straight line, and every LP was a narrow rectangle more than a thousand feet long. To flip an album to side b at least two people were needed, one at each end, coordinating via shouted instructions.
I built a couple of Fallout 4 props to go with my Sole Survivor's Combat Armor and my dog Caboose's Dogmeat costume earlier this year: an Extended Ripper and a Lever-Action Rifle(from the Far Harbor DLC), both made almost entirely out of EVA foam.
If you're curious how to build one for yourself, or you just want an interesting read, here's how I built my Extended Ripper prop from Fallout 4.
I started by gathering some high quality reference material, scaling the prop to the size I wanted(mine was 25"(63.5cm) from end to end, but keep in mind I'm a big dude(6'4"), so I scaled it to my hand, and it would probably be a bit big for most people for how it looks when held in-game. When scaled, I printed it onto several sheets of paper and taped them together, hit the back with some Super 77 spray adhesive, and glued it down to some cardboard, cutting it out with a sharp hobby knife after it had dried. I also drafted up a quick diagram on how the parts should be assembled, and what core things I'll need to craft.
(If you'd like my printout files, you can download them for free here)
With a rigid template in my hand, I was able to break down the main sections of the prop and draft those pieces to some paper. Knowing nearly the entire prop was going to be made from my buddy Steve's(SKS Props) HD-Foam, it needed some rigidity, so I'd be embedding a fiberglass rod(just one of those orange and white driveway markers you'll see, especially in places that get snow) through the whole prop to keep it light and rigid. The biggest issue with that is the fact that the blade housing and grip are offset with the drivetrain housing, so I'd have to split the rod and offset the two sections with that housing.
To embed it into the Ripper's guide bar(the blade section the chain spins around), I cut three of the guide bar sections out of 4mm HD-Foam, keeping those guide prongs that stick down over the chain off of one of the three cutouts and cutting a channel into that same internal guide bar piece. To glue it up, I used contact cement on the foam, and super glue on the embedded rod to sandwich it all together.
One major deviation I made was with the chain. For one, there are no cutting teeth on the chain in the game model, rendering it pretty useless as a weapon compared to if it had a chainsaw chain. Another caveat is with how far away from the housing/track the chain droops on the in-game model instead of being tensioned properly.
The chain was made by cutting out several dozen of these two shapes on 2mm HD-Foam with a pair of sharp scissors, heating up the tip of a leather hole punch with a heat gun, and pressing it(just enough to make a deep impression into the foam but not cut a hole) into the foam to simulate rivets for the chain.
When I had enough to start making the chain, I would alternate the tie straps(left) with the cutters(right), alternating with a tie strap and cutter on the reverse side, and use a tie strap piece between the two sides to simulate a linkage, lining up the rivet holes as I went, adhering everything with CA glue(superglue). Just don't glue it to the guide bar yet.
From there, I stacked up 10mm HD Foam to create the bits of the engine and drivetrain housing. Per the round parts, I used HD-Foam round dowels and wrapped them with more HD-Foam to bulk the diameter up to the correct size per my template.
The drivetrain links (the lid full of pieces on the lower-right) consist of an old USB cable cut to 3/4"(1.9cm) sections and embedded into 10mm foam dowels that are cut to 3/8"(1cm) end caps. I then used the same faux rivet method used on the chain linkages to press a concentric circle into the outside of either end. Once I had 26 or so of those links, I stacked them together to create a drivetrain for the sprockets to grab onto.
In retrospect, I wish I had taken more photos of the assembly to aid in explaining how I built the technical bits and assembled them, but the truth is, I had about a week-and-a-half to build this thing from start to finish, so I was absolutely cranking on finishing it by the deadline I set for a photoshoot.
Most of the internals were done by looking at my template and reference material, drafting a quick paper pattern, and transferring it to HD-Foam that fit the size available, then cleaning the edges up with a rotary tool and 200 grit sandpaper before gluing it together.
After those internals were glued up and I used a drill bit to chew a hole out of the grip/gas tank for the fiberglass rod, I glued it all together and finished the last decorative bits. One final note on assembly, the engine, exhaust, and knuckle guard all have a short wooden dowel embedded into the end to create a more secure connection to the body of the Ripper where each are mounted, each of which is adhered with more CA glue(superglue).
I used small eyelets and some superglue to the corresponding points on the model. The power switch is some 2mm foam cut into a long rectangle and flanked by two 2mm semicircles to create the illusion of a switch.
The guide bar and engine shrouds are all 6mm HD-Foam curved over the top with a heat gun and glued into place using contact cement.
After all of the smaller details were added and the assembly was finalized, I hit the whole thing with a quick pass of the heat gun to seal the pores of the foam, and then took it outside to apply three layers of black Plasti-Dip. At this point, it looks like an actual thing!
From here, I loosely followed Steve's painting guide he applied to his Combat Armor to get the metal and green painted bits looking correct. For the gas tank, Liquitex Heavy Body Cadmium Red was the perfect shade for the base. The details were all free-handed with Liquitex Heavy Body Cadmium Yellow, Titanium White, and Mars Black.
I also used Liquitex Heavy Body Titanium White to free-hand the ARMY text and star on the green shroud pieces with a small brush and a steady hand.
From there, the weathering was done just as Steve does it in his tutorial, foregoing the Dirty Down passes he uses, and with that, the Extended Ripper is complete!
One extra thing I did for my Sole Survivor costume at Dragon Con '25 was that I stitched together a belt loop for the Ripper to slot into so I didn't have to carry it at all times, and I think it fit the vibe the Combat Armor has in the game, with it being olive drab canvas.
As always, if there's anything anyone wants clarified, never be afraid to reach out! My DMs are always open, and I'd love to help clear up any confusion if it means you can make your own!
I built a couple of Fallout 4 props to go with my Sole Survivor's Combat Armor and my dog Caboose's Dogmeat costume earlier this year: an Extended Ripper and a Lever-Action Rifle(from the Far Harbor DLC), both made almost entirely out of EVA foam.
If you're curious how to build one for yourself, or you just want an interesting read, here's how I built my Lever-Action Rifle prop from Fallout 4.
I started by gathering some high quality reference material and drafting a quick layout of how I wanted to assemble it. I wanted this prop to break down at the receiver and suppressor for transport. From there, I printed it onto several sheets of paper and taped them together, hit the back with some Super 77 spray adhesive, and glued it down to some cardboard, cutting it out with a sharp hobby knife after it had dried.
(If you'd like my printout files, you can download them for free here)
One big note is that the in-game model of the Lever-Action Rifle is mirrored from a real firearm(you can see it in the original printout vs. the one I flipped and transferred to cardboard). This was probably done to show off the cool animations someone worked hard on, but in real life, you wouldn't want to eject hot brass into your face, so the loading port and ejection port should be on the right side of the rifle. It's something that really bugged me about the firearm in the game(I otherwise love the grounded nature of it against the bulky/clunky aesthetic Fallout 4 has compared to New Vegas, for instance), so I corrected that with my prop. Aside from that, no notes!
I started by tracing out three layers of 10mm foam(HD-Foam on the outside layers and a roll of scrap 10mm foam I'm trying to use up(forgive me, Steve) on the inside layer) to bulk out the shape of the stock, receiver, and forearm. I also laid out a fiberglass rod and the PVC pipes used to create the internal structure, barrel, magazine tube, suppressor, and scope.
To create the lever, trigger, and trigger guard plate, I took a large PVC pipe, cut it lengthwise carefully, and then used a heatgun(keep it constantly moving so you don't start to burn the pipe(PVC releases some nasty chemicals when it burns)) and some heatproof gloves to gently flatten the pipe into a sheet. Once the sheet was flattened, I transferred those pieces to the PVC and cut them out with a scroll saw, and sanded them with a rotary tool and sandpaper up to 600 grit.
Speaking of the rotary tool, I Dremeled out the channels in the forearm to accommodate the mag tube and barrel, the coupling to press the mag tube and barrel into the receiver, as well as carefully Dremeling out the loading and ejection ports on the receiver.
I originally thought I could just get away with a loose bracket with a hole drilled in to accommodate a Chicago screw for the trigger guard plate, but decided having the two ends of the hinge joined by a collar that would loop around the mag tube and sandwich between the barrel and mag tube within the receiver would be far more stable, and I can't have a lever-action prop not have a lever to move, even if it doesn't pull the breech bolt back, so I needed it to hold up to motion.
I also created some brackets for the scope that would slot into two channels drilled into the top of the barrel tube within the receiver from PVC heat-formed around the scope itself.
The coupling assembly within the receiver, the fiberglass support for the stock(drilled a hole into the end of the coupling at that angle to fit the rod) and the aforementioned trigger guard plate collar were all glued together with some PVC cement, and then strengthened with super glue with baking soda sprinkled over the top. Once that cured fully, I brushed the residual baking soda off and gave it a rough sanding.
Additionally, I started sorting out a shoulder strap mount for practical use on my costume. There's not even a mounting point for it in the game, but I wanted to be able to sling the weapon while not posing with it at conventions, so I cut out a channel in the stock and the forearm to fit some spare olive drab canvas and hardware from my pile of Army surplus scraps. Eventually, the embedded canvas strips would be glued in and the ends of the shoulder strap would be sewn around the clasps.
I also used contact cement to sandwich all of the layers together once I was sure all of the parts fit nicely and the front separated from and reattached to the rear.
At this point, the pieces are all rough, but the difficult part of trying to get the internals seated properly is complete.
The scope was glued together, along with an elevation and windage turret in the center of it, made of more PVC. To smooth the transition between the parts of the scope around the ocular assembly, I used some Apoxie Sculpt and a wet finger, let it cure for a day, and smoothed it with 200 grit sandpaper. The adjustment ring around the ocular assembly was made with a strip of 2mm foam scored with a sharp hobby knife, glued in place, and hit lightly with a heat gun to open up that texture.
Speaking of, the forearm and part of the stock around the grip have a knurled wood texture. To simulate this, I mapped it out with a ruler, and then in a similar fashion to the aforementioned adjustment ring, I scored the foam lightly with a sharp hobby knife, trying my best to maintain even lines, and using a heat gun, all of that lovely texture opens up.
After those details were added, A rotary tool was used to bevel and smooth the foam into something resembling the wood furniture of the in-game model, and sanded it with some 200 grit sandpaper. After this, I added a 2mm panel to the top of the receiver using contact cement to further detail the surface.
The suppressor finally got some love at this point. I took some PVC foam, stacked and glued it, and sunk it into the end of the barrel, securing it with PVC cement, and drilled a hole in the end, rounding it off with a light bevel and some sanding. Additionally, since I would be bringing this to a convention, I created a plug out of more PVC that I'd paint bright orange, to signify it as a prop.
The suppressor was then wrapped with some olive drab canvas affixed with contact cement and superglue, and some cord over the top of it, gluing it in place with more superglue as I wrapped.
The wood furniture got a faux wood grain with some careful use of my Dremel's cutting wheel and a steady hand, as well as a hobby knife and heat gun again. A butt plate with some fake flat head screws(fashioned from PVC foam was affixed to the back of the stock.
A hammer was made using some more PVC sheet and round bits affixed with super glue, and another application of that 2mm foam technique used on the scope adjustment ring.
The scope was then affixed by super gluing the mounting brackets into the channels on the receiver, and additional details were sculpted on with Apoxie Sculpt.
The leather stock wrap was made with 2mm HD-Foam for a base, with strips of 2mm HD-Foam woven over six .40-70 rounds made from PVC pipe and PVC foam for the shells, and Apoxie Sculpt for the bullets themselves. I wanted them removable, so the rounds were not glued down.
Before affixing the wrap to the stock, I heated the foam with my heat gun and pressed some balled-up foil into it to create some leather texture(this difference in textures really helps to sell the receiver, stock, and wrap as three different materials, even though they're all made from foam). I also added some brass eyelets and more of that cord used on the suppressor after it was glued to the stock using contact cement to create some cross-lacing on the wrap.
At this point, she's actually looking pretty legit! Let's seal and paint!
To seal, I took a heat gun to the foam one final time, then masked off the wood furniture to apply a layer of black Plasti-Dip. From there, a layer of Krylon flat camouflage to the metal, and red oxide primer to the wood furniture, suppressor, tip plug, and the six rounds of .40-70(red is better as a base for brass and gold than black, in my opinion).
From there, a subtle layer of powdered graphite and dry brushing of Liquitex Heavy Body Iridescent Silver to catch the edges and emulate scratches. The suppressor got several layers of a khaki paint, and the wood got a few layers of burnt sienna, burnt umber, and the gentlest application of raw umber to bring out some lighter elements of the wood. The leather wrap got a layer of burnt umber, and s very gentle application of red oxide to highlight it similar to how I did the leather straps on my Combat Armor. These elements got a wash of watered down burnt umber and burnt sienna with a hint of mars black to get into all of those details, left to dry briefly, and then dabbed away with a dry paper towel.
For the ammo, I applied some gold leaf Rub 'n Buff to the casings and some silver Rub 'n Buff to the bullets themselves.
I did an additional weathering pass with some yellow ochre to the wood, and a combination of burnt sienna, raw sienna, and a whisper of yellow ochre to grime up the recessed areas of the metal that wouldn't clean easily.
From there, she's all done!
It'd been so long since I'd built a more realistic prop firearm, so this was an absolute delight to build, and if I ever make a Red Dead Redemption II costume, I can remove the suppressor and have a gun that fits right in with that game.
As always, if there's anything anyone wants clarified, never be afraid to reach out! My DMs are always open, and I'd love to help clear up any confusion if it means you can make your own!
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