These aren’t characteristics of Capitalism and in many cases are indirectly correlated with Capitalist policies.
Child Labor: Nations with low economic freedom (see exhibit A) tend to correlate with larger amounts of child labor (see exhibit B). Contrary to popular belief, child labor has been the standard for most of human history; it's only up until extremely recently that children in developed countries were granted the liberty to attend public education instead of working on the family farm, store, bakery, etc.
Slavery: Unfortunately, slavery has existed throughout history (even today in some nations) and pre-dates pretty much every modern economic system (similarly to child labor) . With that being said, it would be hard to argue that modern capitalism has much of a correlation with slavery, as when many modern developed nations today began adopting these capitalist policies were roughly around the same periods they were eliminating slavery.
The slave trade was outlawed in the United Kingdom in the 19th century, just when modern capitalism was developing.
In the 19th century of the US, slavery was predominantly practiced in the South, but not as common in the industrialized North. Part of the reason, at least, is that slavery is viable only when simple and easily monitored tasks are being performed, such as picking cotton or rowing in a galley ship. Because capitalism leads to innovation in productive techniques and, with it, a declining demand for unskilled labor, it would reduce demand for slaves even if the ideas behind it did not.
The individualistic ideas that motivated market liberalism also motivated a repugnance for slavery. (SOURCE)
Wars of Conquest: Yet again another phenomenon that pre-dates modern Capitalism (are we noticing a trend yet?). With that being said, although one could make strong arguments that free markets have greatly influenced wars of conquest, it would be challenging to conclude that they were the cause as most wars in history were decided by the public and/or representatives of the public (i.e. government).
Worst Famines in History: This is where we just cross the line of being wrong to being illogical as the worst famines in history were due to natural causes (disease, lack of rainfall, etc.). If we look at one of the more commonly used examples for “Capitalism causing a famine”, then we would turn to Niger, which interestingly, had no problems until they started experiencing significant locusts ate crops and cattle fodder, then magically people started questioning Capitalism.
“9.1 million people starve...”: That’s an astute observation, but unfortunately, that is a far too simple consideration for the following reasons:
The “enough food for 10 billion” metric derives from food that most governments would deem illegal to serve as food to humans.
Producing food is merely a single step in a long list of steps in actually feeding a person.
To actually “solve” global starvation would require extensive military forces (or as the UN calls them “peacekeeping forces”) and this has widely been opposed as it would be deemed “imperialistic”.
Extension of the previous bullet, but to “solve” global starvation would require extensive political intervention as well because many of the nations experiencing widespread starvation are also facing widespread corruption to a point that they utilize starvation to rule. Once again, this has been viewed as “imperialistic”.
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