Young Warriors - John Lincoln Clem, The US Army's Youngest Sergeant
John Klem was born in Ohio in 1851. Young Johnny, who changed the spelling of his last name to Clem and adopted Lincoln as a middle name in homage to President Abraham Lincoln, is the US Army’s youngest ever sergeant, and the Civil War’s best known child soldier. John Lincoln Clem, as he came to be known to history, ran away when he was nine-years-old after his mother’s death, to enlist in the Union Army. He was rejected by regiment after regiment because of his age and diminutive size. However, as seen below, the kid was persistent.
A Child's Quest to Join the Union Army
Clem latched on to the 22nd Michigan Infantry regiment when it mustered in 1862, and followed them around. Eventually, the regiment's members relented, and allowed him to tag along as a mascot and drummer boy. The soldiers even voluntarily raised money to pay him the $13 per month monthly wage of a Union private. In 1863, Johnny was finally allowed to officially enlist.
At the Battle of Chickamauga, September 19-20, 1863, John Lincoln Clem earned his place in Civil War lore and legend. During the two-day-battle, the twelve-year-old displayed conspicuous courage, after riding to the front atop an artillery caisson. The child soldier fought with his signature weapon, a sawed off rifle that had been trimmed to fit his diminutive size.
John Lincoln Clem at the Battle of Chickamauga
The fighting at the Battle of Chickamauga between the Union's Army of the Cumberland and the Confederate Army of Tennessee was fierce. The rival forces went at each other hammer and tongs, in an engagement that produced the Civil War's second highest number of casualties, surpassed only by the three day Battle of Gettysburg. Amidst the clamor and clang of shot and shell, Clem impressed his comrades with his bravery and steadiness under fire.
The diminutive Clem proved his mettle and demonstrated in bouts of hand-to-hand combat that it is not the size of the dog in the fight that matters, but the size of the fight in the dog. As Rebels and Yankees charged and counter charged each other and came to close quarter grips amidst the ferocious fighting that marked that battle, tiny Clem proved himself the equal of giants. During the course of the fighting, his army cap was pierced three times by bullets. Clem's courage at Chickamauga was not enough to ward off defeat, however, and the Union Army came to grief.
Cool and Collected in Combat
At the close of the Battle of Chickamauga on the afternoon of September 20th, 1863,, Clem was one of the thousands of defeated Union soldiers separated from their units during a chaotic retreat that was more like a flight than an orderly withdrawal. As he wearily lugged his sawed off rifle, Clem heard a horse approach from behind. When he looked back, the child soldier was confronted by a Confederate colonel on horseback, riding ahead of and urging along his pursuing Rebel soldiers.
When the Rebel officer saw a little boy in Union blue toting a rifle, he ordered the young warrior to "Drop that gun!" and surrender forthwith. The kid turned around, coolly raised his rifle, took aim, and shot the Confederate colonel off his horse. He then hauled off at a mad sprint through brambles and brush, until he reached the safety of Union lines.
The US Army's Youngest Ever Sergeant
After the Battle of Chickamauga, twelve-year-old John Lincoln Clem was officially promoted to the rank of sergeant as reward for his courage and coolness, both in combat and in the chaotic aftermath of the Union setback. That made him the youngest noncommissioned officer in the history of the United States Army. A distinction that the young Civil War hero holds to this day.
Clem's conduct was widely reported in contemporary newspapers and magazines, and he became a nationally-known figure. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury and future Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, decorated Clem for his courage. A popular Civil War song, "The Drummer Boy of Shiloh", written by William S. Hays and published in Harper's Weekly soon after the Battle of Chickamauga, was reportedly inspired by Clem’s exploits.
A month after the Battle of Chickamauga, John Lincoln Clem was captured by the Rebels and became a prisoner of war. He was eventually released in a prisoner exchange. He returned to the ranks, and resumed the fight with the Army of the Cumberland. Clem was twice-wounded, before he was discharged from the Union Army in September of 1864.
After the war, Clem graduated high school in 1870. He rejoined the US Army in 1871, when he was commissioned a second lieutenant by President Grant. He married twice, raised a family, and served until 1915, when he retired as a brigadier general and as the last Civil War veteran still serving in the US Army. A year later, a special act of Congress promoted him to major general. John Lincoln Clem died in 1937, aged 85, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Some Sources & Further Reading
American Battlefield Trust – John Clem
Catton, Bruce – Bruce Catton’s Civil War: Three Volumes in One (1984)
Clarke, Frances M., and Plant, Rebecca Jo – Of Age: Boy Soldiers and Military Power in the Civil War Era (2022)
History Halls – Sherman Made Georgia Howl, and Made South Carolina Scream
Keesee, Dennis M. – Too Young to Die: Boy Soldiers of the Civil War (2001)
Ohio History Central – Johnny Klem
Source: Young Warriors - John Lincoln Clem, The US Army's Youngest Sergeant