한국어

zoe and aaron. seattle.

[heyemmateach]

*Updated May 2018* Korean Language Learning Masterpost

I have updated the GoogleDoc of this masterpost (available ** here **). 

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sentence types

for each sentence type, a formal polite style and an informal polite style in present tense will be presented as an example. informal is used when speaking to close friends/people of a lower rank, while formal is used when speaking to strangers/people of higher rank(s).

01. declarative: used when explaining something/responding to a question; 

[FP]: add -(스)ㅂ니다 to the word stem 

예. 저는 학교에 갑니다 : i go to school.

예. 저는 빵을 먹습니다 : i eat bread

[IP]: add -아/어요 to the word stem 

예. 저는 학교에 가요.

예. 저는 빵을 먹어요.

02. interrogative: use when asking a question

[FP]: add -(스)ㅂ니까? to the word stem

예. 학교에 갑니까? : do you go to school?

예. 빵을 먹습니까? : do you eat bread?

[IP]: add  -아/어요 to the word stem

예. 학교에 가요?

예. 빵을 먹어요?

03. imperative: used when making a demand/giving advice

[FP]: add -(으)십시오 to the word stem

예. 공책에 쓰십비오 : please write in your notebook

예. 책을 읽으십시오 : please read the book

[IP]: add -(으)세요 to the word stem

예. 공책에 쓰세요.

예. 책을 읽으세요.

04. propositive: used when making a suggestion/agreeing with someone else’s suggestion

[FP]: add -(으)ㅂ시다 to the word stem; **can only be used when speaking to a person who is younger/same age as speaker! cannot be used when speaking to a superior.

예. 11시에 만남시다 : let’s meet at 11 o’clock

예. 여기에서 점심을 먹읍시다 : let’s eat lunch here

[IP]: add -아/어요 to the word stem

예. 11시에 만나요.

예. 여기에서 점심을 먹어요.

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before you start conjugating

just like english, korean verbs need to be conjugated to past, present, or future. korean verbs consist of a word stem (or a verb stem) and the ending -다. this form is called the ‘dictionary form.’ 

예. 가다 : to go || verb stem : 가

예. 좋다 : to be good || verb stem : 좋

conjugating verbs in korean is a lot different than conjugating english verbs though. korean has a system of politeness that is engraved in their language, and each ending will change depending on who you’re speaking to.

**conjugations will be gone in-depth in a later post as it can get quite complicated and hard to memorize!

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korean sentence structure

korean sentences can either follow one of two structures:

01. subject + predicate (verb)

02. subject +object + predicate (verb)

예. I sleep; She eats

예. The man eats an apple; I study at the library

particles (also known as markers) are attached to words in order to identify their role. for now, you should be able to identify and recognize three basic markers:

01. topic/subject markers: 이/가 and 은/는

02. objects markers: 을/를

03. adverbial markers: 에/에서/에게

예. Eric(이) a book(을) in the library(에서) reads.

**there will be a more in-depth lesson on particles/markers later; just focus on knowing where they go

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Word Bank 02.

미국 : usa

커피 : coffee

차 : tea; car

물 : water

사람 : people; person

여자 : woman; female

아버지 : father

어머니 : mother

말하다 : to speak

마시다 : to drink

크다 : to be big

만나다 : to meet

오다 : to come

좋다 : to be kind; to be nice; to like

책 : book

시간 : time; hour

오늘 : today

영화 : movie

뭐 : what

이거 : this thing

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Word Bank 01.

한국 : korea

네 : yes

아니요 : no

있다 : to exist

없다 : to not exist; to not have

학교 : school

학생 : student

선생님 : teacher

집 : home; house

친구 : friend

먹다 : to eat

하다 : to do

보다 : to see; to look at

가다 : to go

공부하다 : to study

저 : I; that (over there)

그 : that (before n.)

어디 : where

이름 : name

밥 : rice (cooked); meal

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Beginner Expressions:

안녕하세요 : hello

안녕하십니까 : how are you

만나서 반가워요 : nice to meet you

안녕히계세요 : goodbye (when you are leaving)

안녕히가세요 : goodbye (when you are staying)

감사합니다 : thank you

아니에요 : you’re welcome