Why do German books have numbers on the spine?
I was gazing absentmindedly at my bookshelf, as I often do, thinking probably about whether I should put the books in any particular order, when it occurred to me to wonder why nearly all of my German books have numbers on the spine, while none of the English ones do. Who are these numbers for? What do they signify? For comparison, I pulled out the books above.
Das NĂźrnbergâsche ABC (or: Das groĂe NĂźrnberger ABC fĂźr Kinder). A facsimile print of an antique book from the collection of Walter Benjamin, published by Insel Verlag in 1970.
Heinrich Heine: Buch der Lieder. A book of Heineâs poetry published by Verlag Philipp Reclam jun. in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1986.
Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. The Chancellor Classics edition published by Bounty Books in 2005.
There but for the by Ali Smith. Published by Penguin Books in 2012.
Die Känguru-Chroniken by Marc-Uwe Kling. Published in 2009 by Ullstein, reprint from 2017.
As you can see, the three German books, despite being published by different companies in different decades, each display a number. Warum? Is this a Pokemon collect-them-all situation? Is this how Iâm supposed to organize my bookshelves? Is Germany using some arcane book identification system? Actually, yes. Kind of.
Letâs start with the oldest one. The Nuremberg alphabet book was originally published sometime around 1800 by Schneider and Weigel, before anyone even thought to include useful information like publishing dates in books. In 1970, the publisher Insel Verlag made careful copies of the copperplate illustrations and republished the book as part of their Insel-BĂźcherei (Insel Library) collection, a curated series of short works by contemporary authors that was begun in 1912. This book is number 945 in the series.
Side note: This is a batshit book that peddles a batshit alphabet. All of the letters in the middle of the next image? THEYâRE ALL X. The r with a claw? x. The backwards y? x. The little thing that looks like a smushed gnat? x.
W stands for What the Fuck.
Anyway. Moving on. The book of Heinrich Heineâs poetry was published by Reclam in 1986. If youâve ever wandered into a German library or bookshop and been confronted by a wall of blindingly yellow paperbacks, youâre familiar with Reclamâs Universal-Bibliothek (Universal Library) series.
Reclam has been publishing their classics series since 1867, and their little yellow books are extremely well known in Germany. However. The company was split between Stuttgart and Leipzig and ended up in two different countries when Germany was divided into East and West after WWII. Both continued to publish under the Universal-Bibliothek logo, and the numbering must have gotten a bit muddled, because my copy from 1986 is only number 52, despite there being thousands of Reclam books by that point. Perhaps the East German side started over from 1?
So those two books are from different long-running series. But what about all the novels, workbooks, dictionaries, and so forth with four- and five-digit numbers across the top? They canât all be part of massive curated collections, can they? No. But I guess German publishers got used to numbering their books and wanted to keep doing it.
On most German books you see nowadays, the number on the spine is part of the ISBN: the International Standard Book Number. Modern ISBNs are 13 digits long and composed of five parts:
A prefix (978 or 979. Why? *shrug emoji*)
A group number (indicating a country, territory, or language.)
A registrant number (indicating the publisher)
A publication number (unique for each title)
A check digit (fun math!) *see tangent below
It is this title number that you will see printed across the spine of the German books on your shelf.
Test: Which of the books in the picture does this ISBN belong to? 9783423002950
I will say, it does make it easier to search for specific editions!
*Tangent about check digits: The check digit (German. PrĂźfziffer) is there to ensure that no one made a mistake when typing in this long number. What you do is you add up all the other digits, multiplying every second digit by 3. The check digit represents how much you need to add to the result to make it a round divisible-by-ten number. So the one above would be 9 + (7*3) + 8 + (3*3) + 5 + (4*3) + 8 + (3*3) + 7 * (2*3) + 5 + (7*3) = 120. Since 120 is divisible by 10, the check digit is 0. If the sum were 153, the check digit would be 7. So if you had this same ISBN, but the check digit was 6, youâd know there was an error somewhere.
In the older, 10-digit ISBN system, the formula was to multiply the digits by 1 through 9 in order, then divide by 11. The check digit is the remainder. So ISBN 3-8120-2003-3 would be (3*1) + (8*2) + (1*3) + (2*4) + (0*5) + (2*6) + (0*7) + (0*8) + 3*9) = 69, divided by 11 is 6 with a remainder of 3.
Since my edition of Oliver Twist was published around the time of the changeover from ISBN 10 to ISBN 13, it has both! 0 7537 0984 8 and 978-07537-0984-9. Youâll notice that the identifying parts remain the same, but the addition of the 978 prefix has altered the check digit.






















