CW: sexual violence, police-perpetrated assault
Active resistance is often assumed to be the expected response to assault. The research does not support that assumption.
When fight and flight are perceived as unavailable, the body may enter a state of involuntary motor inhibition known as tonic immobility. A prospective study of nearly 300 sexual assault survivors found that 70% experienced significant tonic immobility during the assault. It is not submission, consent, or a choice. It is a defense response coordinated by subcortical structures in the brain — faster than conscious decision-making.
This matters because the legal system frequently treats lack of resistance as evidence against survivors. The Daniel Holtzclaw case — in which a uniformed Oklahoma City police officer was convicted of assaulting eight women he had specifically selected based on his belief that they would not be believed — is one of the clearest examples of what happens when biology, credibility, and institutional power collide.
The newest entry in our Sexual Assault Awareness Month series unpacks the case through the lens of behavior under threat, the science of the freeze response, and how credibility gets assigned in cases where the accused wears a badge.