So I’ve been asking by @theoddlittlenomad to talk about cleaning methods I use for bones, so here it is!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
While there are multiple methods, I use the gentlest options available because I want them to maintain their strength.
Even if a bone that you picked up LOOKS clean, it still needs to go through degreasing and sanitizing. It is amazing how much fat and such you can remove from a bone that was “nature cleaned”. Never let anyone tell you that a “nature cleaned” bone is clean enough.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If I start with bones like these that were found without any flesh, then I start with degreasing. I put them in a container with dish soap and water, lots of soap. Let that sit, but change the water every few days or so, until it stops looking cloudy. It should be fairly apparent when the bones are degreased.
Once this is done, rinse all the soap off and place them in a different container that has a little room over the top of the bone. Pour in hydrogen peroxide 3% - it is the same stuff that you buy at a grocery store for antiseptic or teeth whitening. It is very gentle to use. Make sure the bones are fully covered. Let this sit. For a bone that I cleaned from a whole animal, I find one day to be enough. For bones found in the woods like these, I prefer to leave them 2-3 days. They will always be stained, so do not expect them to be perfectly white after sitting in nature. Some people like the charm of the stain though, they feel it has more character.
If you find during a rinse that any flesh was attached that you didn't notice, the water should have softened it up enough to remove it by hand. Certain predator damage tends to leave some skin or soft tissue to dry on the bone. I always return it to the hydrogen peroxide for 1/2 to 1 full day after I remove any tissues, to further sanitize.
After the hydrogen peroxide step is done, I remove the bones and pour the peroxide back in the bottle. You can reuse it several times for the same purpose, so long as it foams up effectively it is still working.
Rinse the bones thoroughly with water, then lay them out on some paper towels to dry. I also do a few extra steps - clean out the inside of jawbones with a pipecleaner, remove any debris from the teeth with a dental tool once it is dry, ect. What extra steps you must do depend on the bone.
Make sure it is fully dry before use, and it should be well. If there is any unpleasant smell remaining, return it to the hydrogen peroxide for more time and repeat the last steps.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Now if you are picking up an animal or bones with flesh still attached, that is a whole different start to cleaning. I use maceration.
Disposable gloves are very important here - use them at all times to avoid contamination. Also be sure to wash well after doing anything with your macerating specimens.
Place it in a bucket, fill it with water, and place a lid with a hole drilled in the center on top. I also place a couple of bricks on top (be sure not to cover the ventilation hole), so prevent vultures or other animals from stealing my corpses!
I do this outside, in a far corner of my yard because it does smell. This is promoting natural rot, as well as letting bacteria and insects eat away the flesh.
Change the water every few days. Be sure you have a place to dump it that is out of the way. If you are too close to neighbors, then you might consider digging a hole to pour the water in, and then covering it with loose dirt to help contain the smell. I don't dig a hole, but I have a fairly large area where proximity to others is not too much of a concern.
After you dump it, refill the water, replace the lid, and let it sit for another few days. Keep changing it until it looks clean. This will go relatively quickly in warm weather, but if it is cold it can take months.
I must warn you, this isn't a method for the faint of heart. It is truly disgusting at times, particularly when there are insects. I use it because it is very gentle on the bones, and I do not have room for a dermestid beetle tank inside my small indoor space.
There are other methods to clean a full corpse, but I have not used them. I find maceration is perfect where I live, in Texas. The process is very quick in the summers here, so I've had no need to learn any other way.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Hope this helps! If you have any further questions or want me to elaborate on anything, let me know!