Can you put Qué in front of anything to add emphasis or an emotive like "¡Qué asco!" or is it specific to certain words?
Not everything, but a lot of things
Normally it's nouns or adjectives... usually it's nouns that involve emotions, but again not always
Some common ones:
¡Qué lindo/bonito/precioso! = How cute! / How nice!
¡Qué bien! = How nice!
¡Qué asco! = Disgusting! / Gross!
¡Qué suerte/casualidad! = How lucky! / What luck! [sometimes with casualidad it can come off like "what a coincidence"]
¡Qué barbaridad! = What nonsense!
¡Qué alivio! = What a relief!
¡Qué desgracia! = What a disaster! / What a mess!
¡Qué gran idea! = What a great idea!
¡Qué mal! = That's terrible!
¡Qué frío! = It's so cold!
¡Qué calor! = It's so hot!
¡Qué lástima! = What a shame!
¡Qué pena! = How embarrassing! / What a shame! / So sad! [it can mean a lot]
¡Qué sorpresa! = What a surprise!
¡Qué emoción! = How exciting! / What a thrill!
¡Qué rico! = Delicious!
¡Qué amable! = How nice/kind!
¡Qué generoso! = How generous!
You can also see this used in more complete sentences like ¡qué susto me has dado! which is literally "what a fright you gave me" but kind of like "you gave me heart attack!" or "you scared the daylights out of me!" kind of feel
Or something like ¡qué asco me das! "you're so gross!", or vaya, ¡qué emoción! "wow that's exciting!"
It's also important to know that if you're just saying it it's considered neutral gender... aka it looks masculine like ¡que tonto! "how foolish"... but if you're saying something like ¡qué tonto/a soy! or ¡qué tonto/a eres! for "what a fool I am!" or "you're so stupid!" has to match the gender of the person/thing you're talking about
If you're looking at poetry or lyrics you might see like ¡qué bello ocaso! "what a beautiful sunset!" or ¡qué bella mujer! "what a beautiful woman!"
You'll also find that just like English you can say more or less the same thing just using a noun or its related adjective... like ¡qué generoso! "how generous" and then ¡qué generosidad! "what generosity!"
And to be more emphatic (or maybe a little sarcastic, depending on your tone of voice) you might say qué generosidad la tuya which is literally "what generosity yours is / you've got such generosity" but it's like "wow aren't you generous"
