Do not recomend experimental chemistry if failure demotivates you

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@kjemistudent
Do not recomend experimental chemistry if failure demotivates you
may i interest you in some moles
about fucking time
Reblog to give the prev person some dopamine.
about fucking time
being a zero waste bitch with a basic knowledge of chemistry is exhausting. stop putting activated charcoal in everything I just want normal deodorant in a cardboard tube
bandaids do not need activated charcoal. thats not. thats not going to do anything.
I JUST WANT A TOOTHBRUSH WITH LESS PLASTIC please no “activated charcoal bristles” they are not going to make your teeth whiter.
does activated charcoal remove “toxins”? yes. because it removes everything. it’s just a porous charcoal preparation. green juice with activated charcoal is going to either have very little nutritional content (because its all bound to the charcoal) or its going to neutralize any medication you’re taking. its a very effective poison remedy because it doesn’t particularly care what it’s binding to
Potion of Lol, No
What does a chemist say when his cat jumps into a pile of sand?
“Oh, you silicate”
I have had a really full and busy day today, but the highlight was:
So I'm sitting in the staff work area and one of my colleagues comes up to me. There's an open day this weekend, and so we need to plan an activity for the would-be students.
"Simple!" I say. "Let's get them to dissect some owl pellets. Hands on, fun, they get to play with skulls."
"Good idea!" she says. "But we'll need something even fancier for the open day in February. What can we do? Perhaps we can take some soil samples."
And as we're debating the photogenic merits of soil Vs dead mice...
Suddenly, a Dashing and Handsome Stranger (read: an autistic engineering lecturer) appears with a flourish (read: launches himself into a seat beside us while visibly and physically vibrating with excitement about his special interest being Useful) and asks "HELLO I'M SORRY DID YOU SAY SOIL BECAUSE I HAVE A RAMAN MICROSCOPE"
"Amazing!" declares my colleague. "...Who are you?"
"COME AND SEE IT!!!" he says, currently the human embodiment of the :D emoticon.
We went and saw it. It's an excellent microscope and his ten minute infodump about it was both spectacular and also extremely useful. We're going to use it to assess microplastics.
I have a new friend.
Guess who I saw again today! I say 'saw', he hunted me down to invite me to train on using his microscopes - it turned out some of the engineers asked if they could look at explosive substances with it and he was like NO YOU MAY NOT IT'S POWERED BY A LASER so now he's insisting that everyone train on it, but wanted to ask me if I'd like to do it. Obviously I have said yes. He's getting an SEN as well so he's put my name down for that, too.
And then we compared notes on working in labs, and he told me about the time he was sent to the 'chemical cupboard' in his last lab and found a Tesco bag of asbestos, three and a half kilos of TNT, and half a pint of cyanide, and when he told the health and safety woman she just said he should use a lone working protocol, and he was so angry he yelled A LONE WORKING PROTOCOL WILL NOT SAVE THE CHILDREN FROM A DIRTY BOMB, CAROLINE
I love this man
Why did the chemical cupboard have three and a half kilos of trinitrotolulene (the full name for TNT, for those unaware), and was it at the very least an explosives cupboard?
It was not in an explosives cupboard, and he didn't know. Basically this was in an HE building being converted over to a young offenders institute, and for whatever reason, all the science teachers quit en masse as the switch was happening, leaving all their students in the lurch. So one morning he came into work, was told he was being promoted to Technical Demonstrator, given a Bunch of Mysterious Keys, and told he had three hours to familiarise himself with the contents of the chemical cupboard.
"Great," he said. "Where is the chemical cupboard?"
"Shrug emoji," his boss said gravely, and wandered off to have crisps.
So he spent an hour wandering the building and trying his keys in every lock before finally finding a door that opened, and upon finally opening it, was immediately greeted by a Tesco carrier bag on the floor labelled 'Asbestos, do not touch'.
"Right-o," he thought. "No touching that."
But then he had two hours left to familiarise himself with the packed shelf contents of quite a large room, and the problem is that when you tell an autistic lab tech to familiarise themselves with a room full of chemicals, what they hear is not "Have a quick look so you have an idea of what's there", it's "These chemicals must be catalogued in detail and also here have a time pressure," so he was going to be both Thorough and Grumpy about this. And this room was packed.
The oldest bottle he found was a reagent opened in 1959.
It had crystallised.
("It was quite beautiful, actually," he told me dreamily. "A work of art. I wish I'd kept it.")
The cyanide, when he finally found it, was in a stoppered glass vial. So that was the point he lost his shit and went and grabbed Caroline.
The kicker is, Caroline didn't care. She insisted they didn't have the money or resources to spare on getting rid of it. So he had to march all the way to the Dean's office.
"You look like you're having a bad day," she said warily.
"Well I thought it would peak with the Tesco carrier bag of asbestos I found," he said, "but I was very wrong."
And that's how you give your boss a heart attack.
I have had a really full and busy day today, but the highlight was:
So I'm sitting in the staff work area and one of my colleagues comes up to me. There's an open day this weekend, and so we need to plan an activity for the would-be students.
"Simple!" I say. "Let's get them to dissect some owl pellets. Hands on, fun, they get to play with skulls."
"Good idea!" she says. "But we'll need something even fancier for the open day in February. What can we do? Perhaps we can take some soil samples."
And as we're debating the photogenic merits of soil Vs dead mice...
Suddenly, a Dashing and Handsome Stranger (read: an autistic engineering lecturer) appears with a flourish (read: launches himself into a seat beside us while visibly and physically vibrating with excitement about his special interest being Useful) and asks "HELLO I'M SORRY DID YOU SAY SOIL BECAUSE I HAVE A RAMAN MICROSCOPE"
"Amazing!" declares my colleague. "...Who are you?"
"COME AND SEE IT!!!" he says, currently the human embodiment of the :D emoticon.
We went and saw it. It's an excellent microscope and his ten minute infodump about it was both spectacular and also extremely useful. We're going to use it to assess microplastics.
I have a new friend.
Guess who I saw again today! I say 'saw', he hunted me down to invite me to train on using his microscopes - it turned out some of the engineers asked if they could look at explosive substances with it and he was like NO YOU MAY NOT IT'S POWERED BY A LASER so now he's insisting that everyone train on it, but wanted to ask me if I'd like to do it. Obviously I have said yes. He's getting an SEN as well so he's put my name down for that, too.
And then we compared notes on working in labs, and he told me about the time he was sent to the 'chemical cupboard' in his last lab and found a Tesco bag of asbestos, three and a half kilos of TNT, and half a pint of cyanide, and when he told the health and safety woman she just said he should use a lone working protocol, and he was so angry he yelled A LONE WORKING PROTOCOL WILL NOT SAVE THE CHILDREN FROM A DIRTY BOMB, CAROLINE
I love this man
Why did the chemical cupboard have three and a half kilos of trinitrotolulene (the full name for TNT, for those unaware), and was it at the very least an explosives cupboard?
It was not in an explosives cupboard, and he didn't know. Basically this was in an HE building being converted over to a young offenders institute, and for whatever reason, all the science teachers quit en masse as the switch was happening, leaving all their students in the lurch. So one morning he came into work, was told he was being promoted to Technical Demonstrator, given a Bunch of Mysterious Keys, and told he had three hours to familiarise himself with the contents of the chemical cupboard.
"Great," he said. "Where is the chemical cupboard?"
"Shrug emoji," his boss said gravely, and wandered off to have crisps.
So he spent an hour wandering the building and trying his keys in every lock before finally finding a door that opened, and upon finally opening it, was immediately greeted by a Tesco carrier bag on the floor labelled 'Asbestos, do not touch'.
"Right-o," he thought. "No touching that."
But then he had two hours left to familiarise himself with the packed shelf contents of quite a large room, and the problem is that when you tell an autistic lab tech to familiarise themselves with a room full of chemicals, what they hear is not "Have a quick look so you have an idea of what's there", it's "These chemicals must be catalogued in detail and also here have a time pressure," so he was going to be both Thorough and Grumpy about this. And this room was packed.
The oldest bottle he found was a reagent opened in 1959.
It had crystallised.
("It was quite beautiful, actually," he told me dreamily. "A work of art. I wish I'd kept it.")
The cyanide, when he finally found it, was in a stoppered glass vial. So that was the point he lost his shit and went and grabbed Caroline.
The kicker is, Caroline didn't care. She insisted they didn't have the money or resources to spare on getting rid of it. So he had to march all the way to the Dean's office.
"You look like you're having a bad day," she said warily.
"Well I thought it would peak with the Tesco carrier bag of asbestos I found," he said, "but I was very wrong."
And that's how you give your boss a heart attack.
Why does cooked food offer more energy by bite? Does the heat weaken the bonds making it easier for us to break down and digest ourselves or something?
you know the molecular principles behind digestion, yes? probably?? they're still teaching that in high school, right???
well, in case you need a refresher, I'll address meat specifically: the basic principle is that meat is FULL of useful proteins structures that your body would really like to take and use for its own bits, but there's a slight problem that needs to be dealt with first!
these proteins are FUCKING HUGE.
each protein is a sprawling 3-dimensional molecular structure containing hundreds to thousands of individual atoms, much much too big and also not quite the right shape for your body to repurpose!
and you need to start that blood vessel resurfacing project NOW, the funds were approved LAST THURSDAY for chrissake.
fuckin' contractors. never on schedule.
so what your digestive system does is break the proteins down into their component chunks, via a process called denaturing! the denatured protein loses its structure and unspools itself into a long ribbon, which can be popped apart and taken to wherever those individual proteins need to go in your body.
HEY ED, GET A MOVE ON! THOSE TAURINES NEED TO BE AT THE LIVER ASAP!
and this denaturing process is fairly energy-heavy, so your body is BURNING energy and materials to PRODUCE energy and materials, and just barely comes ahead of breaking even!
at least, if we're talking about raw meat.
see, your digestive system denatures proteins through an expensive chemical system, but it turns out there's a cheap, easy, and (almost) FREE alternative that will do the same thing, no enzymes needed!
heat.
heat denatures proteins by its very nature, and we can actually see the process happen if we pay attention!
transparent egg whites turn milky and opaque as their regimentally organized protein structures unspool and tangle each other into uselessness, and red pigment proteins in muscle fibers turn grey as their molecular structure changes so drastically that it reflects an entirely different spectrum of light!
if you're a human being, you refer to this process as "cooking".
so when humans first started chucking chunks of mammoth into the fire way back when, they found they could use the fire to pre-digest the meat into useable protein chunks that take WAY less energy for your body to do something useful with, resulting in a net energy gain in the digestive process even though no extra energy was actually added to the meat!
in conclusion:
FIRE GOOD.
thanks for listening to my TED talk.
I'm not an expert here, but there's a similar thing going on with plants. Except instead of protein, it's polysaccharides like cellulose. We can digest a few of them as delicious, delicious starches, but others can't be absorbed by the intestine, and wind up as dietary fiber.
A lot of herbivores have incredibly long digestive tracts to ferment those polysaccharides into something digestible (this is why cows have so many stomachs). Humans can do a little of that--that's why beans make you fart. It's the gut bacteria breaking down polysaccharides and releasing gas in the process. Pills like Beano contain an enzyme to break down the polysaccharides before the bacteria get to it.
Anyway, all that is to say that, given we can't break down cellulose like a cow can, and since plant cells are wrapped up in a shell of cellulose, cooking breaks down the cellulose that encases plant cells enough that we can get access to whatever is inside (like vitamins, or more delicious, delicious starches).
not to derail this but it’s posts like these with such easy to digest (sorry) and passionate explanations to scientific questions that pushed me into the science education field. we might rag on some of the science side of tumblr posts from 2014 but actually that shit fucking slaps and comes in handy when teaching “complex” topics to people. the way this post is written is how i teach.
something i've noticed. people seem to think the most nature-y nature is forests. so forests are always prioritized for conservation, and planting trees is synonymous with ecological activism. my state was largely prairies and wetlands before colonization. those ecosystems are important too. trees aren't the end-all be-all of environmentalism. plant native grasses. protect your wetlands.
deserts also!!! it sucks so bad that people think of desert as 'wasteland' just because it's not suited for western european style ag development, they're beautiful and delicate and valuable ecosystems and, i think it's good to point out that humans have been living willingly in them for thousands of years
i live in a shrub steppe desert. it has been like this SINCE THE ICE AGE. mentioned it to a friend and their immediate response was "i could totally fix that and restore that into a forest like it used to be." LIKE IT USED TO B- it's been like that since the ICE AGE! you can't "fix" a biome into a forest just to save trees and nature. you need shrubbery, you need grasses, flowers, WEEDS, vines, bramble, water plants. NATURE! ISN'T! JUST! TREES!
Also! When we say ‘used to be’, to what state are we referring to? Homeostasis is a state of change. Yes, we should encourage nature and more undeveloped spaces, but to what standard are you holding it to? 50 years ago? 100? 1,000? 10,000? Do we even have data on what it exactly looked like then?
It’s never going to be exactly what it once was. We can just allow the process of succession and change to continue at its own pace (or hardly at all for some specific ecosystems), and simply try not to bulldoze over whatever nature is trying to do.
Also @headspace-hotel this thread seems like your vibe
It is! Thanks for tagging me :)
Now, we need to keep a few things in mind:
There is no "original" state of an ecosystem. The word people are looking for is usually the pre-colonial and pre-industrial states of ecosystems. However, there is not a single unchanging pre-colonial state of an ecosystem either. This is why it's important to focus less on what the land "used to be" and more on what it is trying to restore itself to right now.
There are a lot more subdivisions of ecosystem than "forest" vs. "grassland" vs. "wetland" and so on, and there can be tons of variation in small geographical areas.
The classic closed canopy "forest" is not the only place trees are found. Many non-forest environments contain trees as a vital component.
As much as it is a mistake to presume that forests are universal, it is also a mistake to (for example) take the open, treeless tallgrass prairie to be the "original state" of all of the American Midwest.
There is a wide spectrum of intermediates between closed-canopy forest and grassland, and opener wooded land with grasses and small plants etc. on the ground is often called woodland (good explanation here)
In particular, a lot of the United States Midwest used to be (and still could be!) not prairie, not forest, but a secret third thing: oak savanna!
Maps disagree on the exact extent of the oak savanna. North-Central Kentucky, known as the Bluegrass now, was once a very rare open woodland type environment similar to the oak savanna.
Basically, oak savannas are grasslands full of large, open-grown oak trees, which are resistant to the periodic fires that maintain the prairie. Oaks, unlike many other trees, do very well growing to large sizes in the open.
But ecosystems get much more specialized, and it requires a holistic approach to pin down the exact nature of the place you live in. This is frustrating, but it also lets you discover the rare and unique characteristics of your area's ecosystems.
I'm going to go into just how wild this gets for a bit, so buckle up.
For example, I'll talk about the state I live in—why? because I live there and I know lots about it. Kentucky is divided into 27 ecoregions. In a single day, I could visit a dozen ecosystems unique to this area and to nowhere else in the world. The seeds to this uniqueness were planted hundreds of millions of years ago. Look at the linked map, and see how closely it matches this one:
The north-central-east area in pink is the Bluegrass, collared by the Knobs, a weird ring of Devonian and Silurian sandstone and conglomerates that forms little eroded plateaus and mountainous outcroppings. The lavender and dark blue is the limestone-karst plateau that holds the longest cave system on planet Earth. The east, in pale blue, is Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian (aka Carboniferous) deposits, making up the Appalachian Mountains.
The ancient Appalachians were once as tall as the Himalayas, but they are simply so old that they are eroded down into rounded, soft, wavy ridges that slowly fade into steep rolling hills, making it a subject of debate where they actually end.
Let's focus on the limestone and carbonate rock-dominant regions that cover much of the state though. This is what's known as a limestone karst region.
Limestone and dolomite are carbonate minerals. Instead of normal stuff like silicate minerals, they are made of the dissolved skeletons of billions of ancient aquatic animals, like brachiopods and bryozoans, which can be found fossilized throughout the state. Limestone is made of CaCO3, calcium carbonate—which, unlike other rocks, dissolves in acid.
This has two immediate consequences:
the ground dissolves over time, which means the whole area is riddled with sinkholes and huge caves with subterranean rivers and lakes
the soil is usually super alkaline, meaning plants that like acidic soil are basically nonexistent
As you can see, a unique ecosystem that existed over 450 million years ago can directly create unique ecosystems that exist now!
Kentucky's limestone karst regions, especially near the mountains, have another quirky characteristic: the limestone bedrock is exposed or nearly exposed in many places, with little soil on top of it. I don't know exactly why this is, but instead of several feet of soil on top of the bedrock, we often get just a few inches. Almost any construction that involves earth-moving requires dynamite. Hillsides used as pasture for cattle erode into slopes of broken rock.
This creates another form of unique ecosystem: limestone glades. Places with only a few inches of topsoil don't develop into closed-canopy forests, but rather limestone glade meadows, where the dominant trees are these guys:
the majestic Eastern Red Cedar (which is actually a juniper), a pioneer species that, unusually for pioneer species, can live a long time...over 900 years.
Red Cedars might outlive every single other tree in a forest, but they don't thrive in there. They hate the shade and want to be alone in a meadow. Why, then, do they live so long? I have a hunch the answer might be that they're not exactly pioneer species at all, but rather specialized for mountain ridges, rocky outcrops, and limestone glades where other trees cannot grow. They provide food and great nesting sites for birds.
But limestone glade meadows aren't as important to Kentucky as the ecosystem that used to be so distinctive, it's been hidden in the state's name the whole time: the canebrake, a stream-side forest of the United State's native bamboo, giant cane.
Kentucky, (at least according to the book i'm reading by Donald Edward Davis titled Where There are Mountains), was once Kaintuck, or CANE-tuck. Giant cane, like the oaks of oak savannas, is fire resistant, meaning it thrives in areas managed by frequent fires.
In my state, the canebrakes used to stretch for miles, dense bamboo forests that could grow up to 25 feet tall. But they were all destroyed, meaning this ecosystem is practically extinct. The giant cane still lives, but only in small patches.
Canebrakes are considered extinct (although they could be restored), and oak savannas are one of the most endangered ecosystems on the continent. I suspect that the reason is that people are stuck with the old, simplified categories of ecosystem that they learned in school, and ecosystems that don't fit into those categories are hard to imagine.
Everything in biology is much, much more complex than high school teaches you, and ecosystems are no exception. There is probably a super rare, unique ecosystem close to you that doesn't get enough recognition.
To protect them, people have to care, and to care, people have to know they exist...so everything starts with being curious. Learn! Tell others! It will save the world.
@hussyknee Here's a map I think you will enjoy...from this geologic map of the United States:
See that diagonal wave of purple bands from the bottom left corner to the top right? That's the Appalachians. See how they look like they were flattened by something squishing them from the side?
They were.
The something was the continent of Africa.
just a woman in stem fighting for her life every single day. and sometimes i think about quitting everything and singing dreamy songs in my bedroom instead
zlibrary gone... FUCK TIKTOK FUCK BOOKTOK I hope that app burns in hell
library genesis is still up (very similar site) and r/freemediaheckyeah and r/piracy have lots of other alternatives. zlib was the GOAT though. fuck tiktok
(originally commented. putting as a reblog as its important)
for anyone that wants to know about other sites, I also didn't know so this is a big help!!! thank you!
some sites i use to read online: - https://libgen.li/ - https://www.pdfdrive.com/ - https://libretexts.org/ - https://openlibrary.org/ - https://novel80.com/ - https://www.allfreenovel.com/ - https://bookreadfree.com/ - https://allbookshub.com/ - http://thefreeonlinenovel.com/ - https://www.epub.pub/ - https://www.readingsanctuary.com/ - https://yes-pdf.com/ - https://www.booksfree.org/ if none of the links work if you just search up "(book title) read online free" there's almost always gonna be a pdf link and those are always good to read from too
Comparing the rotations of objects in the Solar System. Just look at them lol.✨🪐
To everyone that's confused, the planet Venus rotates very very slowly, with a single revolution taking about 243 Earth days, and Mercury rotates slowly, but not as slow as Venus.
Did a how-to thingumbobber about taking lecture notes! I hope it helps!
Getting started on programming (and maybe even getting a job out of it):
Hi, my name is Jan and I’m a software engineer currently. 👋 Concept: you want to be a programmer, you may even want to make money doing it, but you don’t know where to start, and self-study doesn’t work. There are lots of free resources out there, sure, but you’re overwhelmed. I’ve been there before! Here are some materials and general advice that have helped me, organized by common POVs. These aren’t exclusively master lists. They are definite, actionable ways that have helped unblock me on the path to learning programming, and you can get started on them as early as now. (this is a US-centric guide, and mostly leaning toward web development programming, but most of the advice applies across countries, and some of it across programming disciplines) Feel free to message me if you have any specific questions!
Keep reading
How to Really Comprehend a Scientific Paper
**credit to my research advisor, she’s an amazing mentor and I aspire to be just like her someday :)
Read the abstract. Write down what the paper says it is going to be about.
Read the introduction. Write down what the paper says it is looking to accomplish and how.
Read the conclusion. Write down what the paper actually did accomplish.
Go through and find all the pictures, graphs, or diagrams. Write notes explaining these images to yourself.
Read the whole paper start to finish. Write a summary of the paper as though you are explaining it to a layperson, and then another summary as though you are explaining it to a colleague.
Throughout all of the above steps:
If there are words you don’t know google them and write down the definitions
If the paper defines a formula, law, variable, etc in a certain way write that down
If there are references to or recommendations of other literature write those down. After the last step if there’s anything you’re uncertain about or would like more information on look to that list for further reading
check out this periodic table
I have made a lot of bad jokes but this is still probably my greatest hit