anyways here have some medieval jewish dragons (and other creatures)
occasionally subtle
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@mazikeentheshedimqueen
anyways here have some medieval jewish dragons (and other creatures)
"Tzedakah" gets translated and explained as "charity" a lot, and I hate it. Yes, "charity" wnd "tzedakah" are both words we use to mean giving to people in need. But "charity" frames giving to those in need as a matter of being generous or kindness. Those are good things to be, but that's not what giving tzedakah is. Giving to those in need, as expressed using the word "tzedakah," is an attempt to correct injustice in the world, even if only in some small way. Because in a just world, everyone would have their basic needs met. There wouldn't be people starving while billionaires try to see how much gold leaf you can put on a burger so they can demonstrate how rich they are. There also wouldn't be people buying a new coat they don't need every year while other people freeze to death on the street.
(On that note: please consider give the coats you aren't wearing anymore to code blue programs or some other organization that will help get them to those in need if you are somewhere where this is a concern.)
So, in Judaism, "in a just world everyone would have the same money" isn't correct. That's marxist ideology, not Judaism.
The talmud actually asks why Hashem made poor and rich people. On Baba Vatra 10A, there's a discussion between a Roman philosopher called Turnus Rufus the wicked and Rabbi Akiva. Turnus Rufus asked RA: "if your g.d loves the poor, why does he not support them himself?" And rabbi Akiva replied "so that through them we will be saved from the judgement of Gehenna."
The reality of poor people and rich people isn't a violation of a just world, it's an invenntation for us to engage with the world the same way Hashem does. Just as he supports us and feeds us, we should do so with poor people. Our money isn't ours, it's a loan from Hashem so we can make chesed with it. If there were no poor people, we wouldn't be able to.
On midrash Tanchuma (parashat mishpatim) the sages interpret tehilim 61:8: king David said to hashem, make the world either rich or poor. (May the world be equal before g.d) But Hashem replied "if I do so, why need I appoint mercy and truth, that they may preserve him? (Ibid)" Meaning "if the whole world is rich or poor, who'd perform acts of mercy".
Okay, so right now what you are going to get is a reply based on just what you quoted without me looking those bits up and seeing if I can find an argument to be made textually based on context there or on things written elsewhere. I would love to do that, and maybe I will manage it this weekend, but at the moment the 2.5 hours for this reply are already way more than I should be spending on something other than packing or anything else I have to do before I leave town tomorrow, and there's a couple things I want to say now, particularly since one clarifies my initial post. The first is a question that maybe will be resolved with context on those quotes: is that not more a point as to why God didn't make the world just then that the world is already just without us doing the work to make sure people don't starve? So okay; maybe Tzedakah more accurately can be said to be the basic functioning of a just world, which I would argue is still different from "charity".
Also, a world where everyone has their basic needs met isn't the same as one where everyone has the same amount of money. I very intentionally did not say that people should all have the same amount of money. Say we have universal basic income and universal healthcare, and we pay taxes to provide for that, paying a percentage based on what we have--does the money we pay that goes to those social support programs qualify as tzedakah? The Torah is written with the assumption that it is acting as a basis for government. It has what is essentially tax law in it. Whether tzedakah is something required to be outside of that falls under "things I don't have time to look into myself right now", but I will try to look into it later.
The wealth disparity itself I will give you for now, though I think having billionaires while people starve or suffer and die because they can't afford healthcare maybe gets you kicked out of Israel--but sure, maybe they are allowed as long as they are giving enough money to make sure that the poor aren't dieing or living in squalor. And maybe kindness is inherent to Tzedakah, or at least can be a part of it, though I would say "mercy and truth" are both components of justice. I will not at this time give on "generous," however. I don't know if I have to fight Rabbi Akiva on that, but I will. I will wait until death, and if there's an afterlife and it doesn't turn out that it wipes out any arguments I have bookmarked in my brain, I will go find him in the great yeshiva in the World Above or wherever he is, and I will fight him. I will also ask him to teach me. Possibly I will bait him into teaching me by arguing with him. (I would not physically fight Rabbi Akiva. I don't know that anything remotely resembling physical fighting would even be possible in this scenario and if it was, I would probably lose. I would probably lose anyway if we're picking a winner for the argument; possibly I already have and will concede that after more reading.)
"Tzedakah" gets translated and explained as "charity" a lot, and I hate it. Yes, "charity" wnd "tzedakah" are both words we use to mean giving to people in need. But "charity" frames giving to those in need as a matter of being generous or kindness. Those are good things to be, but that's not what giving tzedakah is. Giving to those in need, as expressed using the word "tzedakah," is an attempt to correct injustice in the world, even if only in some small way. Because in a just world, everyone would have their basic needs met. There wouldn't be people starving while billionaires try to see how much gold leaf you can put on a burger so they can demonstrate how rich they are. There also wouldn't be people buying a new coat they don't need every year while other people freeze to death on the street.
(On that note: please consider give the coats you aren't wearing anymore to code blue programs or some other organization that will help get them to those in need if you are somewhere where this is a concern.)
I recently started taking a weekly class on Mishna that is going primarily off of the Hebrew (it is currently me and my Dad and our teacher; there's one other student but they don't know when they'll actually be able to join us) and my Dad's sight reading is apparently not as good as I thought it was? He didn't want to read out the Hebrew, in any case, so he's been doing the English commentary. And I was like "I mean I can read it, like I can make the words sound reasonably like the words they are, I just won't understand any of it--but then I did that and it turns out that I learned enough taking Prayer Book/Biblical Hebrew the last few years that I actually understood the majority of all the sentences I read, and in one case the single word I didn't get, I actually know it enough to recognize it as soon as I was reminded, but didn't get it either because I'm badly out of practice with vocab and reading conjugations (מצא, a word I actually love not because of an interest in how its root is used but because מצא-> matzah->afikomen->find is such a neat mnemonic in my brain.)
I'm starting "Jewish Liturgy: The Siddur" with my congregational rabbi next week on the same day as my Mishnah class, which is exciting and hopefully will help with the fact that I can't take the aforementioned Hebrew classes anymore because they're intentionally scheduled during Religious School (for the convenience of parents), and so I will be busy *teaching* Hebrew/wrangling children.
That does mean that I get like an hour from my 11 am Mishah class ending before leaving to teach pre-Religious School after-school, which runs directly into two hours of trying to get third graders who've been at school all day to chill tf out and follow instructions, and then a class right after that, which will probably get me home at like 8 pm, but I think it should be really good prep for hopefully getting into the Hebrew College MJE program next year
have started to get unreasonably annoyed by the whole "biblically accurate angel" thing because like. it feels like this whole "ooooh subversive knowledge nobody knows, isn't this so weird" when in fact the truth is that there are a whole lot of angels in the bible and a number of them do, legitimately, look like just some guy
biblically accurate angel
But also, sometimes, they really REALLY WERE NOT.
To recap:
Wheels made of crystal
Wings with human hands under them
Four faces
Face of a cherub (unclear to me what this is)
Face of a man (ok)
Face of a lion (ok?!)
Face of an eagle (ok?!)
The likeness of wheels within wheels (‽‽‽‽)
The have flesh AND backs AND hubs (?????) AND wings (don’t forget the human hands under there)
All the aforementioned things? VERY COLORFUL.
They all go in different directions without turning but were also somehow still one thing
There is a singular place where a head WOULD turn, but the heads do not turn (???????)
Cannot emphasize enough that there is NO TURNING involved.
One wheel PER cherub? Four wheels total? Cherubs are unicyclical?
I have read the entire Tanakh and I still cannot wrap my brain around this and visualize it clearly. I remember reading this as a preteen and being like…totally gobsmacked.
Tanakh is fun.
I cannot put into words how funny I find it that the existence of wheels is the part that stood out to you.
I suppose my answer is…why not?
wait, these are the cherubim? not the opanim?
... oh gods. why are there so many wheels. why are there so many wheels, why are they ALL wheels???
have started to get unreasonably annoyed by the whole "biblically accurate angel" thing because like. it feels like this whole "ooooh subversive knowledge nobody knows, isn't this so weird" when in fact the truth is that there are a whole lot of angels in the bible and a number of them do, legitimately, look like just some guy
biblically accurate angel
One of the weirder claims is that there are no female angels and no "people with wings"-style angels when, no, that's lifted straight from the Book of Zechariah (Chapter 5 in particular):
And judging by depictions of heavenly beings across the near east, "winged humanoid" might be the oldest depiction of angels.
Problems with the "biblically accurate angels" trope that bother me specifically
Angels as a category in the Tanakh and in modern religion are not interchangeable. In the Tanakh, "angel" is a directly translation of "messanger," and there are divine/heavenly beings that are not angel - Cherubim and Seraphim are not angels. After the development of modern Judaism and Christianity, "angel" becomes a catch all for any divine being that is not God themselves. This is not true in the Tanakh.
But more than that.
What people are drawing and calling Biblically accurate angels are NOT faithful depictions of the textual descriptions in Isaiah and Ezekiel, and are not inspired by the art history of the period. They are loosely inspired by the text - lots of eyes and wings. They aren't accurate to the text of the Bible, they are building off of it. They should be called Biblically inspired angels.
But MORE THAN THAT.
The composition of these images is extremely critical. Cherubim are always depicted in a confronting composition, flanking a door, a tree, the ark, etc. This MATTERS. Ofanim are wheels which only ever appear below the Chayot of the divine throne. This MATTERS. You cannot just pluck one of these beings from its artistic composition and show it alone and 3D and in a modern pose and call it Biblically accurate because the position and composition of these images is critical to their meaning.
"Accuracy" is not "I read an English translation of this Hebrew description of a vision inspired by ancient period iconography, and I drew whatever modern interpretation of that translation I wanted.
"Accuracy" requires research into the text, parallel texts, contemporary art history, etymology, cross cultural referencing, and a lot more. And that is worthwhile! Do not cheapen the phrase "Biblically accurate angel" by sticking eyes and wings everywhere and saying you did the work. You did not! It is not accurate. It is not biblical. It is not even an angel. It's a wheel. Look at it. It's got anxiety!
""Accuracy" is not "I read an English translation of this Hebrew description of a vision inspired by ancient period iconography, and I drew whatever modern interpretation of that translation I wanted. "
You mean the foundational philosophy of all American Protestantism?
on the yamim noraim
this is conceptually yoinked from a very thoughtful acquaintance on facebook, who posted a series of thoughts in relation to the sort of Usual YK Posts you see in lefty-progressive jewish spaces, and some conversations i had with friends about this post. the original argument centered around three common (and not completely untrue) narratives or truisms we see in the lead up to yk, presented and then offered up for dissection:
teshuvah doesn't mean atonement - it means (re)turning [to the correct path]
chet doesn't mean sin - it means missing the mark (with corollary: judaism doesn't really have a concept of sin; that's a transposition of christian ideas onto a totally different religious framework)
the root verb yira (as in yamim noraim) doesn't actually mean fear - it means something more like awe.
obviously because i work on the impact biblical translation has across cultures and historical contexts, a post that encourages us to more seriously interrogate these truisms about biblical translation is going to do it for me. i found this post really useful to think with, and i encourage us to move past these 101-level ideas into a more 201-level conversation. the original poster in question had proposed counternarratives or counter-questions, which I am going to summarize below with a little of my own sauce (& also sauce from discussions i've had with friends i've had as a result) on top.
sometimes, you have done harm. does softening the idea of repentance stop you from actually confronting what you need to atone for? one of my friends mentioned the fact that the rabbi at a [suburban, prosperous, progressive] synagogue encouraged people to physically prostrate themselves, and no one liked that idea at all... are we making things that are big, scary, and overwhelming so palatable that we've entrenched ourselves against change? that we've entrenched ourselves against actually confronting our pride, and actually confronting our personal ability to cause harm to others? what does it mean to repent for the harms we have perpetrated against others, the harms we have stood aside and witnessed—at the beginning of every new year, and at the beginning of this new year?
yes, the modern, anglophone concept of "sin" owes FAR more to christianity than it does to judaism, and yes, it's good to de-christianize our understandings of religion. HOWEVER. that is still a framing that centers christianity as the default religion, and we can do better. let's take one step past that framing, together. so sin means something different in judaism, because it doesn't have the christian connotations of damnation and earning forgiveness. so: tell me. what does it mean? what does sin mean, in our context, in our tradition? what does it mean to consider our individual and communal transgressions against our community's laws, against our country's laws, against what we know to be right—at the beginning of every new year, and at the beginning of this new year?
the word yira means both fear AND awe, in various measures depending on context. it's not one or the other, it's both. yes, it feels more warmhearted to focus more on awe, on the altered state many of us enter into fasting on yom kippur. but fear has a place in that awe, too. the high holidays celebrate the beginning of a new cycle of the year AND the unavoidable death that awaits us all. ritualizing grief is important. ritualizing mortality is important. ritualizing fear is, actually, critical. the emotions we feel on yom kippur in the face of g-d and our community are a dress rehearsal that lets us experience them without flinching when they appear in our real lives. that can be holy, too. what purpose does softening our ability to confront fear, to confront death serve—at the beginning of every new year, and at the beginning of this year?
g'mar chatima tovah.
Instead of misrepresenting terms that were created to describe intersex variations and infertility (Six sexes, not genders), as queer Jews we should come up with new, inclusive terms that are inspired by the gender nonconformity and non-heteronormative people and ideas in Judaism, in the same way Native Americans came up with the modern word of "Two Spirit" as an umbrella term. Language is always evolving and we don't need to and shouldn't misgender and misrepresent intersex people to try and find words for ourselves.
I like the term "נברא בין השמשות" ("Nivrah Bein HaShmashot")-"Created between the suns", which refers to the concept in Midrash of the liminal time between the end of the Sixth Day of Creation and the Seventh Day of Creation. It is said that during this time certain important objects, creatures, and concepts were created. The entities created during this time mostly follow themes of not fitting into certain binaries and/or not being able to be fully explained or rationalized, hence they were created "Between the suns", because they did not fit neatly into one category or another.
I've talked about this idea before and how I relate it to my transness, and I think it would be a perfect umbrella term for Jews whose gender and/or sexuality is outside of societal cishetnormativity.
Another term I like is "עוברים" ("Ovrim") ("Those who cross over"). Jews are known as "עברים" because of how we stand out and may seem to be transgressive or rebellious when we cross over boundaries, and this shares a root with "עברים". The term melds Jewish identity with gender nonconformity and/or transitioning and sexuality that isn't heterosexual.
Or maybe we can come up with another term! But regardless, it's important that we don't misappropriate terms that were created to describe intersex people (who still face mountains of stigma and discrimination and shouldn't be silenced or spoken over by trans people). And anyway, I think it's far more meaningful and beautiful to come up with our own terms rather than misuse centuries old terms that never had us in mind.
The Queer Jewish community is a thriving, invaluable community, and we deserve to create and use our own words.
Forgive me but don't two of the sexes refer to those born male but presenting as female and vice versa, as opposed to the two for people born female but later naturally presenting male traits and vice versa
No, they don't.
Zachar- perisex male. Person born with external male genitalia and developing typical male secondary sex characteristics at puberty.
Nekeva- perisex female. Person born with female genitalia and developing typical female secondary sex characteristics at puberty.
Aylonit- Person born with female genitalia but who either doesn't develop secondary female characteristics or fertility, such as one someone who never begins to ovulate or who was born without or with reduced internal reproductive organs, or who develops typically "male" characteristics at puberty such as those characterized by intersex conditions that cause hyperandroginism. An Aylonit is still categorized as a woman according to Jewish law, "Aylonit" is in fact as a feminine word, and according to Midrash Sarah the Matriarch was an Aylonit herself because she was born without a uterus, and the miracle was that G-d planted a uterus inside her later in life.
Saris- Person born with external male genitalia but who either doesn't develop secondary male sex characteristics at puberty, such as one whose testes never descend or whose penis doesn't develop further or who is naturally sterile, or who develops typically "female" characteristics such as gynecomastia. A Saris Hamah is one who was born a Saris, and a Saris Adam is one who was castrated by another person or themself. A "Saris" is also a word meaning "eunuch", which was an enslaved person who was castrated as a punishment or part of some religious ritual. A Saris, whether born that way or made into a eunuch, is still categorized as a man according to Jewish law.
Androgenos- A person born with a combination of male and female genitalia and who develops a combination of male and female secondary sex characteristics. An Androgenos is commonly translated as a h*rmaphrodite (this is a slur used against intersex people, so I'll only use it once for clarity). An Androgenos is described as being able to both ejaculate and experience menses, and is subject to both the Jewish laws pertaining to men and the Jewish laws pertaining to women. An Androgenos is functionally treated in their own gender category according to Jewish law, because they are subject to unique laws regarding their sex, although they typically are treated as men in society.
TumTum- A person who was born with indeterminate genitals and sex characteristics. A TumTum's gender status according to Jewish law varies depending on the law and on the person. They can be treated as either a man, a woman, or both.
Sources:
Mishnah Bikkurim 4:1-5
Mishnah Yevamot 8:4-6
Mishnah Niddah 3:5
Mishnah Zavim 2:1
Mishnah Torah: Marriage 2:24-25
Yevamot 64b:2
Yevamot 80b:4-10
Ketubot 11a:1
Mishnah Niddah 5:9
A star of David seems like the obvious reach for a cross alternative regarding Jewish defense against vampires, but I would argue that a mezuzah is the more natural alternative (given that mezuzot are supposed to keep dybbuks out). The problem is that mezuzot are fixed in place, so it will keep your house safe, but if your out, you're going to need something else--an amulet of some kind maybe, containing the scroll, which leads me to the question:
Have we considered teffilin?
I mean, if you're concerned about encountering vampires while out on the town, maybe get a special necklace holding the scroll, and if you're doing actual fighting--tefillin might be cumbersome and also can be hella expensive--but if you're specifically expecting to interact with them and aren't expecting to be able to do much more than chant and maybe stake them, would tefillin be a good way to go?
many such cases
Yoma 85b: Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said, "If I had been there, I would have said it better than him."
Related to the comment about autism and ADHD with regard to Talmudic rabbis, and with the clear disclaimer that I am not at all going to claim a diagnosis for someone based on what we hear about them in Talmud, especially as even with some more knowledge and aside from them not being alive to talk to, there's such a huge gap between us and their world and their language that I don't think it would work to just apply our diagnostic criteria:
I desperately want to know more about how the word אסטניס (translated as "delicate" in the book I have) was really used in the context of the day, because it's from the Greek for "weak" or "sickly" and that is the word Rabban Gamliel used to explain why he had to take a bath the first night after his wife's death, and this compounds with the fact that he also made an exception for himself in refusing to alter his routine practice of saying the shema after his second wedding, despite grooms being exempt. His reasoning is basically "shut up, I'm not going to lessen the number of times I talk to God," which I guess is fair, but next to him choosing to bathe for what seem to very likely be sensory issues (the cause of which I will not guess, if there even was a wider issue) it occurred to me that this could also be a routine variation thing--one of the things that can be potentially positive about being a more religiously observant Jew, if you're someone who requires or just prefers a routine, is that there is a *lot* of it. Judaism in general gives you very ritualized and routine methods for living as well as dealing with various issues. (It's quite good for me, if the ADHD and physical issues don't conspire to derail it.)
I'm just interested socio-linguistically in whether symptoms of autism or of sensory issues specifically were commonly referred to with the word אסטניס.
non jews, what do you think the talmud is?
Ive never heard of the talmud in my life
some sort of jewish book, assumed its some story like the bible
some sort of jewish book, assumed it detailed jewish law in some way
some sort of jewish book, assumed its related to jewish mysticism
a book that has something to do with jewish law
a book detailing all the jewish law
a book detailing all of jewish law with some background about each law
a book derailing how every decision in jewish law was made
a book telling stories abot ancient rabbies
a book documenting the convoluted way decisions about jewish law were made
i know the talmud was a thing but i didnt assume anything
jewish button/ other (in tags)
Dont try to guess what the right answer is, answer based on your former knowledge
Non of these answers really explain what the talmud is well, but one of them is getting the closest.
Please reblog for a bigger sample size!
dick measuring contest but that's for the specific things from the talmud that i've been exposed to
Actually so funny that that’s what you know about it
no but like they're all so real for that. like yeah roll up your five cubits lmao.
also is calling the rabbis that wrote said talmud autistic ok. because like. i'm pretty sure this is peak autism religion hyperfixation. idk if i can say that though
Honestly with you on the hyperfixation thing, but add that the tangential conversation bears an incredible resemblance to my conversations with other people who (like me) have ADHD, including almost every conversation I have with my mom.
I wouldn't necessarily say any rabbis were autistic specifically (presumably some would fit the criteria, diagnosed or otherwise, if they lived today), but I have seen it said (by autistic people specifically) that Judaism is a very Autistic religion, and I agree that the Talmud is definitely a big part of Judaism being very Autistic/AuDHD.
Ruth, Tanakh
[id: illustration of Moses leading the Israelites through the Red Sea with the caption: "Who led the Israelites through the Semi-Permeable Membrane?" // "Osmoses".]
As it is Passover again, it is time for the annual debate as to whether the frog plague, which thanks to a quirk in the Hebrew, is written as a plague of frog, singular, rather than the plural, plague of frogs, was in fact, as generally imagined, a plague of many frogs, or instead a singular giant Kaiju frog. This is an ancient and venerable argument that actually goes back to the Talmud because this is what the Jewish people are. If we can't argue for fun about this sort of thing, what are we even doing.
In that spirit, I would like to submit a third possibility, which is that in fact it was one perfectly normal sized frog, who was absolutely acing Untitled Frog Game: Ancient Egypt Edition. One particularly obnoxious frog, who through sheer hard work, managed to plague all of Egypt.
My contribution to the Passover shitposting
Is ‘Passover’ Actually a Mistranslation?, by Yair Rosenberg (13/04/2022)