Actual cases of Third Man Factor:
Early climber of Everest was alone, reported he felt he was climbing with another presence, which eliminated all his loneliness. He even tried to give it part of his mint cake and was shocked to find no one there. Only after he was not alone did he say it departed.
127 hours guy was visited by a boy, who he said was his future son, who convinced him to live
Man fell in a crevasse in Peruvian Andes and was left for dead, but a voice lead him out
Reinhold Messner’s (famous mountaineer) brother died while they were climbing Nanga Parbat together, but he said there was always a third ‘climber’ a few steps away, which kept him alive.
Polar explorer is on 50 day mission to North Pole, felt someone wrapping his arm around him, comforting him as he struggled to reach his goal multiple times.
Man on high floor of Twin Towers went down stairs to escape but on floor where plane hit, blocked by smoke, almost collapsed from smoke inhalation, but he said something grabbed his hand and lead him out.
Multiple stories of people solo sailing around the world to find they’re not alone. One even described the presence offering to take the helm
Stories on this were popular in early 2000s, particularly with Christian crowd, as it appealed to the idea of guardian angels.
However, a lot of these people who genuinely experienced it don’t attribute it to spiritual causes. Messner, for example, from story above, believes it’s clearly a survival mechanism of the brain.
From the stories I’ve read, it’s generally when someone is isolated and near death, especially when physical exertion is required.
Basically, when you have to decide whether to keep going or just to lay down and die, that’s when there’s the third man factor.
In fact, one study found one third of high altitude mountain climbers experienced it. Studies on it found its most common among mountain climbers, solo sailers and shipwreck survivors, and polar explorers.