Traveler probably ended up pitying Dottore in a way. Traveler's always been shown to be someone who can sympathize with someone, without excusing actions. "Being hurt doesnt mean you can hurt others" type morality. Scaramouche was not excused for his actions because of his hurt. Wanderer was not forgiven for his actions until he began to atone, even though by the time he started, the world no longer even remembered him. Raiden was not forgiven until she changed. Arlecchino was not excused for her actions, but they were understood, and she too atoned.. for some.
I doubt the Traveler sympathized with Dottore. But i think there was pity, in the end. Not because of his situation, because fundamentally, his suffering was brought about by his own actions. You reap what you sow. But no. I think the Traveler pitied him, because they came to understand that a fundamental level, Dottore genuinely cannot comprehend the concept of bonds for the sake of bonds. Dottore cannot comprehend that there was always more to the Traveler working with his coworkers than mutual interest. For every bond built of mutual interest, there was an added bond of genuine care. Traveler came to care for Arlecchino as a friend, Childe was a friend before an enemy. The Traveler liked Columbina for being Columbina.
Dottore fundamentally cannot understand that there can be nothing more to a bond than the simple desire for it. He sees the mutual interest that is apart of the friendships between his fellow Harbingers and the Traveler, and cannot comprehend that they are anything but the reason and the foundation of those friendships. He believes the Traveler desires something from Columbina as a moon goddess, so he offers to obtain it in her stead, believing that he can simply replace her role in their bond because he can fulfill what he views the same purpose. He is correct in that the Traveler is worn tired by his journey, but misunderstands that the journey is in fact, apart of the truth the Traveler seeks. He is correct in that the Traveler desires the truth above little else, but misunderstands that the truth is not just something to be learned, but rather that the truth the Traveler seeks requires the journey itself. He is correct that the Traveler desires their family above everything else, but misses that over time, the Traveler has come to view their friends as apart of their family, and Teyvat as their home.
Dottore is incredibly intelligent, and you would think with how manipulative he is, he would be able to comprehend the concept of a bond built off the care of the other end, but while his emotional intelligence is fairly high (evident by how genuinely good he is at psychological and emotional manipulation) there is such a disconnect.
And i think that that is what makes the Traveler pity him. Dottore cannot understand. As such, he cannot truly understand why he lost, he cannot understand why his actions only ever ended with him being cast out. The Traveler pities him, because for such a powerful man, such an issue is pitiful.
But the Traveler will never forgive Dottore. The Traveler will never feel bad for, or sorry for Dottore. There is a difference between pity and sympathy. Dottore unremorsefully harmed people, saw himself above others, and viewed power as rightfully his to take because he was capable of it. That is not a man deserving of anything kind.
And Dottore in particular, harmed people that the Traveler cared about. Which was likely a major component as to the Traveler's hatred of him. The Traveler is not a hero, the Traveler is incredibly morally grey, though absolutely on the lighter side than others. But the Traveler is kind, and does carry the belief that people are deserving of kindness and safety off the basis of being human. Such kindness is rescinded if you are unremorsefully, unrepentantly cruel or harmful. But the Traveler is also vindictive. The Traveler is unrelentingly protective of those they care about. Dottore harmed many people the Traveler cared for, both directly, such as Nahida, Scaramouche, Collei, Diluc, Columbina- or indirectly. Many of Dottore's actions snowballed into larger acts of harm, many actions which the Traveler knew about.
Even without the harm caused directly in Nod-Krai, Dottore was never someone that the Traveler would ever work with, would ever sympathize with.
But he is someone the Traveler can pity. Because for all his power and intelligence, Dottore can never comprehend emotional bonds. And The Traveler holds their friendships and bonds above most else, if not truly above ALL else, even the truth they so desperately seek.