TYPING HELP WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
In this post Iāll try to give some indications to check and complement an analysis of the 4 letter dichotomies with one of the functions. If youāre trying to type yourself or someone else, make sure to read about the dichotomies first, and get a fairly conclusive result before starting with the Functions and then continuing here. You have an ordered list of recommended links in the FAQ.
There are 4 main sections or steps: 1) read, examine and get a result with the letters, 2) read, examine, and think about the functions, 3) place them following the diagram of your type, and 4) check the descriptions of the locations (and anything else) to see if everything fits. If there are problems you might need to reexamine your typing.
The letters and the functions are different levels of analysis. Both are important sources of information, and both need to fit. If you donāt pay attention to the dichotomies you are simply not typing people. These are some fundamental posts: post #14, post #20, post #69, post #84, MBTI Lists, MBTI Tables.
There are ātypologistsā out there who actually think things like āthere is no such thing as SP or TJā, for example, and that clearly means they just donāt know what they are talking about. The 4 letters are not random nicknames for collections of functions. They mean something very important. SP means dominant sensation (Se1 or Si1), TJ means dominant thinking (Te1 or Ti1), EF means conscious Fe, etc. So there are definitely things in common among those people than can be described with SP, TJ, EF, etc, adding another angle on top of the functions. Also, for those who think that the letters are ātoo black and whiteā, remember that thereās a granularity for each pair thatās reflected in the MBTI facets, so you can be 3/5 E, 4/5 S, etc. That is: the dichotomy is the spectrum, and the spectrum is the dichotomy. Itās the same thing.
If you know what youāre doing, sometimes you can type with the letters alone, and skip the functions. Doing it the other way around is less reliable because the definitions of the functions have been distorted for many years now, thanks to the nonexistent eiei/ieie order and all those ānew systemsā that keep coming up with new ways of misunderstanding them (Socionics included). The best solution is to check both things, and also the temperaments and any other correlation that you may find in this blog.
The two most important posts to keep in mind are post #24 and post #87. What youāll find here includes a combination of those two and bits of others that Iāll link later, but itās better if you read them all entirely.
The functions are very difficult to describe, and attempts at simplifying them are prone to misinterpretations. It doesnāt matter if they seem āeasy enoughā at first sight, because they arenāt. Anybody can read 8 words and think they just got everything right in 20 seconds. But itās not that simple. You have to understand what those words mean here, because they can have lots of meanings, and many people use them with different ones, and assume everybody else does the same. Whatās in this post alone is not enough. You need to read at least point 5.3 in post #17 (an example of what the functions are not) and then everything in post #87, but Iād recommend spending some time in the Functions section in general, and then coming back here.
You canāt explain the functions to someone ālike [s]heās 5ā, simply because a 5-year-old canāt understand them. Thatās just how it is. This is the kind of concept that requires a minimum of life experience and insight to be understood. Many people who feel confident in their knowledge of these terms are completely off, and very likely mistyping everybody. So please, as always, be careful with all this. Donāt rush it.
2.1. WHAT THE FUNCTIONS ARE NOT
This is something that needs to be clear from the beginning. Many times it can be more helpful than anything about what they are. Iām not going to repeat what I wrote in post #15 and post #17. You have to read them and then come back. Iāll talk about some things that Iāve noticed lately.
If you are angry, organized or productive doesnāt mean you have Te.
If you worry about other people and want to help them doesnāt mean you have Fe.
If you are happy and enjoy doing things with others doesnāt mean you have Se.
If you have a lot of things in your mind and canāt attend to everything doesnāt mean you have Ne.
If you like learning things and/or feel you are āoverthinkingā all the time doesnāt mean you have Ti.
If you are sad, ādepressedā, tense or āemotionalā doesnāt mean you have Fi.
If you are nostalgic or think often about the past doesnāt mean you have Si.
If you have ideas and/or plans for the future doesnāt mean you have Ni.
Everybody can be angry, worried, happy, overworked, overthinking, sad, nostalgic and hopeful. Those examples above include several widespread misconceptions and many instances of psychological state being mistaken for āpsychological typeā. Everybody can go through all kinds of psychological and emotional conditions, sometimes for a few seconds, sometimes for much longer. Everybody can have lots of interests, friends and memories.
The functions are not curses, stigmas, problems, weaknesses or flaws, either. Having a function doesnāt make you āworseā in any sense. People need to stop making this kind of meaningless comparisons and hierarchies.
2.2. SUMMARY OF THE FUNCTIONS
The functions are essentially different layers of reality, and some people can see some of them more clearly. Important reference posts: post #17, post #31, post #39, post #87 (ā required reading), post #118 and post #137.
The following list includes in the first line the essence of each function, a name and an adjective to describe its contents in a very general way, and then a place that could symbolize it (mostly through what happens in it). The interesting part is in the contrast between them, what appears in their relationships. The second line has keywords related to the function and includes some ideas that donāt refer to the function itself, but to its possible manifestations, especially as dominant (X1).
Te = external difference | formulas | determined | factory
What is said/done, action, fact, objective data, production, text, rule, justice, imitative, materialistic.
Ti = internal difference | concepts | identified | library
What you think/know, idea, [self-]identity, intellect, questions, theories, inner structure, scrupulosity.
Fe = external concordance | agreements | shared | theatre
What/how is shared/expressed, recognition, declaration, display, social, fashion, suitability, hysteria.
Fi = internal concordance | values | good | home
What/how you like/want, responsibility, hidden desire, taste, self-admiration, coldness, indifference.
Se = external presence | realities | present | restaurant
What is there, physical world, concrete, details, conscious, realism, fresh, enjoyment, style.
Si = internal presence | experiences | useful | garden
What you perceive, inner sensations, pain/pleasure, eating, health, sleep, dreams, images, resources.
Ne = external absence | possibilities | possible | market
How things [can] change, options, potential, expectancy, newness, escape, creative, enthusiasm.
Ni = internal absence | meanings | true | sanctum
How you [can] change, inner transformation, unconscious, inaccessible essence, archetypes.
Try to picture the functions forming 4 spheres or dimensions of reality, with the usual pairs as extremes or poles: TeāFi, FeāTi, SeāNi, and NeāSi. See how they imply each other, how identity is at the other end of expression, for example, and how attending closely to one means that you canāt attend so well to the other. You can do the same with determinedāgood, marketāgarden, etc. Now you have to place those 4 spheres occupying the 8 function locations: {X1āX4}, {X2-X3}, {G1āG4} and {G2-G3}, following one of the 16 diagrams and the guidelines below.
These diagrams are the 16 specific variants of the general one in post #24, made with the colors of post #27. Like I said in #24 (another post that you should read if you havenāt yet), the layout is just an abstraction of an average state. The functions are not perfectly distinct circles floating around like bubbles, this is only an approximate reference to talk about them. I hope thatās clear. Conscious functions are those on the left half (black text for extraverts, white for introverts), and the unconscious ones are on the right half (text color inverted). The 4 proper functions of each type are above, and the 4 ghosts are below (G1 is ābehindā X4). Dominant functions are bigger, auxiliaries are smaller. The color/light of the dominants extends to their corresponding auxiliaries to denote their particular interrelation, the way the auxiliary is derived from, depends on and follows the dominant (serving or magnifying it). This can be seen quite clearly in X1>X2, X4>X3 and G4>G3. G1>G2 can be harder to see because G1 is eclipsed by X4, so thereās only its reflection on the right upper side of G2. The colors of ghost functions are slightly faded to indicate their unreal quality.
This isnāt very important, but the reflected colors show also how the auxiliaries are never perfectly āsharedā between types, only dominants are. For example: both ETPs have Te2, but ESTPās has a touch of white and ENTPās a yellow one. (Itās just a curiosity because in reality all functions crystallize differently in each individual, so not even the dominants are really āsharedā with anyone).
This image is a summary of the general characteristics that go from one extreme to the other along the conscious-unconscious line. Those of the unconscious (right column) are essentially synonymous with the effects of the separation between each proper function and its ghost. As their number grows, each X appears more difficult to grasp for our conscious mind because we start getting two increasingly disparate views of the same thing (X2/G2, G3/X3, G4/X4). The concept of time comes out of this perceived difference (more on this below).
The memory-forgetfulness line includes the fact that the more unconscious a function is, the more often we [have to] rediscover it. X2 is found and stays with us, so we can see how it changes (if it does). X3 and especially X4 are more easily forgotten (ālostā) and they seem to change on their own, X3 sometimes, but X4 basically always, continually.
Another effect of the unconscious is an increased chance/range of projection (this is related to the availability-inaccessibility line). The more a function is unconscious, the more we might look for it and/or expect it to be in another person, place, object, etc. Sometimes we know itās part of us but we would prefer or we simply act as if it came from someone or somewhere else, not only to save us the associated trouble but also because of our insecurities regarding those functions. Thatās why introverts might take/use some external components (Te, Fe, Se or Ne) just as they are, and extraverts might do the same with internal ones (Ti, Fi, Si or Ni).
In the next sections Iām going to include a series of keywords for every proper function location, expanding on the global description above. Youāll see they are quite varied, and sometimes apparently contradictory, but thatās because they refer to different angles of interpretation, different possibilities (for example the two directions of XāG transference), different stages or states in the individual psychology of the person, etc. You can combine those keywords with the function ones and see what comes up. (For example, for Ti1: created + theories, for Fe2: consecutive + agreements, etc).
Iāll also write something about the X-G [dis]connection in each location. The general idea is this (remember that X=proper and G=ghost):
āø When the X is conscious, the greater, better, faster or more intense that function goes, the lesser, worse, slower or less intense its corresponding G becomes. This is the classic compensatory effect of the unconscious, of course, and even though itās more severe in X1-G1, itās often easier too see between X2-G2 because G1 is entirely unconscious and the auxiliaries arenāt. The result is somehow surprising but actually logical: we donāt really mind the X1//G1 separation because itās a given, but we notice and [might] care about it between X2//G2 because that ghostly auxiliary is closer to consciousness.
āø When the X is unconscious things get complicated, and the ghosts can make it hard for us to focus on the Xs. Thatās partly because it implies spending more energy in order to attend to whatās true for us, and probably expose ourselves to certain (apparent) inconveniences (like the very fact that our actual standpoint is X3 and not G3, for example, which demands a sort of courage). As I said in post #131, the point is not to deny the ghosts entirely, but to be conscious of the disparities, not use them to feed any kind of illusions, and dismantle possible confusions.
Remember that different people might be centered on different functions and interrelations inside their own psychology, and this can change with time. Some follow their dominant and auxiliary, of course, but many are fascinated by their unconscious, sometimes all their lives, and their interests and work reflect that. Lots of people identify with their unconscious side, and believe they are the opposite of their true type, especially Eā"I", but also Sā"N", FāāTā and even TāāFā. Be aware that one of the most difficult tasks when typing someone (including yourself) is getting this right.
Keywords: clear, detailed, nuanced, demystified, self-evident, manifest, ever-present, created, unrestricted, unlimited, absolute, independent, discernible, controllable, manageable, personal, global identity.
This is the most important location. If you identify your X1 correctly you already know your X4, your G1, your G4, and 3 of your MBTI letters.
Jung called the dominant āprime power of convictionā, but many people donāt even recognize their own X1 as a function, because itās basically what life is for them. Jung himself pointed this out for ESPs, saying that sensation for them āis simply real life lived to the fullā. Many ESPs donāt realize that their very focus on being conscious of everything is a manifestation of their dominant function: Se1. Many ENPs donāt know that their peculiar interest in exploring all kinds of possibilities comes from their Ne1. Etc, etc. This is a very important issue, and it can cause lots of mistypes. Thereās a tendency to go directly to X3 or even X4 and think one of those is dominant (for example in these Puzzle mistypes), and thatās assuming the person got at least one pair of functions right about him/herself, of course.
To avoid that, you have to try and step outside yourself. Donāt focus just on one corner, on the things you like/think about, the words you use to describe yourself, or the people you admire, for example. You have to zoom out and look at everything you do, not just in your mind, but with your behavior, your very presence, your influence, etc, all day and night included, everyday, and you have to put that next to other people, always as if you were an impartial observer, and then compare and notice what stands out, what sort of constants are there, what makes others not-like-you, etc.
Sometimes if you canāt do this the reason might be that youāre not truly interested in knowing your inner self, and/or other peopleās, because both go hand in hand: you need to understand others to understand yourself (in the end, itās the same thing). You might be only looking for an excuse, for some kind of external āseal of approvalā that others have to āobeyā, for a way to put yourself above the rest, etc. Psychological type is not about that. Itās about you knowing yourself better. So thereās a need for honest humility here, for appreciation of those things that others can do better than you, and for realizing that you canāt control everything.
Your true dominant is related to the things you control best. And identifying it doesnāt make you āless intelligentā or āworseā in any sense (quite the contrary). But holding on to some fabricated image of yourself does. Donāt use your supposed type to build a persona that others will like or ārespectā, or ignore the facts of your existence among others to keep intact some imaginary āidentityā that you prefer. Read post #120 and post #130, too.
X1āG1: Time is not a factor here. We donāt even have the concept of X1-G1 transmission because we simply donāt care about G1. Some people might say they do, of course, but ultimately they donāt. They might try to solve problems related to their G1, but they always do it from the standpoint of X1. Some ESPs (Se1), for example, are quick to explain their health problems and take [a lot of] medicine[s] to remedy them, or use some other external method[s], tool[s] or element[s] to ācompensateā what they feel inside, which in many cases only makes the problem worse (or adds a different one). They have an extremely hard time approaching the issue from the other side. Thatās what we all do with our dominant.
Keywords: found, filtered, screened, derived, deduced, dependent, not personal, usable, advantageous, improvable/improved, manifold, diversified, ordered, consecutive, with ālevelsā or āpathsā, sequential, hierarchical, recursive, [pre-]determined, circumscribed, restricted, limited.
The auxiliary depends on the dominant. You can read about this in post #25 (point 3) and post #31 (point 2). What X2 canāt do is go against X1. Thatās ultimately what this comes down to. The dominant is the limit and the āmasterā of the auxiliary. That dependence makes X2 adopt some kind of limits or ārulesā for itself, and always be and evolve under them, never freely. It doesnāt mean that we automatically go and change X2 because of X1, thatās not what this is, many times we simply find X2 and make it work for the dominant. This interrelation means that X2 elements are always taken and interpreted in a way that X1 can āunderstandā them, in a way that obeys, serves, enhances and/or magnifies X1. If you picture the functions as lenses, X1 is the main one, and we can never look through X2 alone, we can only see it through X1, which is inescapable.
If you are much more or much less unsure about your S/N than your T/F you can use that doubt as a factor in the identification of your dominant (which includes J/P), because Judgers tend to have doubts about their S/N, and Perceivers about their T/F. Itās not always like that, but it has to be mentioned. Itās a manifestation of X2 and G3 being closer than X1 and G4.
X2āG2: I talked about this in post #82. You know how to differentiate between the two (youāre quite literally conscious of the difference), and you see the contrast very clearly. Sometimes you make a point out of the fact that they are not [and should not be] the same. Other times you just find that your behavior reflects that gap. You might try to make G2 more like X2, but you can also leave it, ignore it, and focus solely on X2, which then gets better but at the same time farther away from G2, which gets worse. (All this makes some people believe their auxiliary is their dominant). Part of the pulling away from G2 comes from that little reflection of G1ās color in the diagrams: we know G2 has a master thatās incompatible with us.
Keywords: interesting, fascinating, sought, pursued, hoped-for, amassed, collected, disordered, chaotic, addictive, dangerous, mapped, experimental, reexamined, reworked, trials, disguises, but also distilled, artistic, concentrated in something both beautiful and meaningful, perhaps even sublime, like some kind of treasure, like a jewel.
The tertiary is sometimes seen as āthe key to everythingā, because it is the bridge to the unconscious. Many people are obsessed with this function, and might even believe itās their dominant or auxiliary. Thatās part of the reason behind many Puzzle mistypes, for example. Itās also at the center of Jungās concept of the āsymbolā or ātranscendent functionā.
One way to look at X3 is to take the specific and detailed order of X2 and think how an opposite could be, with the influence of the unconscious. Maybe the result can be pictured as something like the contrast between a regular army and guerrilla forces. The first is somehow āestablishedā and always works well. The second might not be very efficient, but their victories are really inspiring. (Donāt imagine them fighting each other, though: they are actually partners).
X3 depends on X4 (see post #35), but many times what we notice the most is its connection to G3. So Iāll talk about that first.
X3āG3: You need to read post #122 first. You like the idea of putting/taking G3 in[to] X3 form,Ā in the most efficient way possible, looking for something special, something exceptional that you havenāt found yet. This is a big part of X3ās attraction. At the beginning you are probably not very skilled at this, and the result is often quite chaotic: the good things are difficult to distinguish from the not-so-good, itās all a bit of a mess. Then you try to improve, with some kind of (everchanging) attempts at learning, regulation and/or uniformity. But you realize that itās hard, never easy. Sometimes you even try to stop yourself, because you know this transference can be very addictive.
Something I didnāt mention in post #122 (which is only one particular angle of analysis) is that sometimes we misinterpret X3 as if it was āonly G3ā or āactually just G3ā because we donāt want to face the consequences of that X3 being proper to us. In this case extraverts need courage to admit their subjectivity, and introverts their objectivity. So itās not that we are mistaken about X3, but about the fact that X3 is not G3.
A particular instance of X3 can only be accepted by the personās mind when itās also seen, validated, reflected or included in/as/by X4, that is: when it obeys X4ās ārulesā, when it serves or magnifies it. This is the unconscious counterpart to the X1>X2 dependence. For example for INTJs: Se3 is only āvalid/solid/realā when it follows Fe4, when it serves as a vehicle for Fe4, when Fe4 ārecognizes itā or is helped by it, etc. This is another reason why we keep trying different X3s, of course. We donāt automatically discard those X3s that donāt work, sometimes we collect them or leave them hanging around ājust in caseā, because we think we might find a use for them later. When enough time passes we often forget about some (or many) of them (after all, we are already in our unconscious side).
Keywords: lost, separate, independent, unreachable, non-participable, missed, glimpsed, dreamed, kaleidoscopic, bewildering, all-or-nothing, trusted/suspected, loved/feared, coveted/forgotten, treasured/neglected, revered/condemned, sacred/demonic, heaven/hell.
The second half of those Ā·/Ā· pairs is mainly applied to artificial, manipulated or āunnaturalā forms of X4, while the first word goes with natural or āpureā examples of X4 (= archaic, age-old, primitive, infantile, etc).
You might have an inaccurate measurement of your inferiorās elements, its parts, etc. You might fear or despise it, or something related to it, some form of it, etc. You need to make a great effort to focus on it. When thereās a problem with your X4, itās always the worst kind of problem. Sometimes you wish you could live without your X4. But you canāt do that. This is crucial. You have to learn how to live with it, how to integrate it in your life, in the best way possible. You have to do it, somehow. Otherwise, it will start working against you. And you wonāt know where the blows are coming from.
X4āG4: You have to read post #131. It covers what this point is all about, and some general things about the functions. Iāll add a few comments here. (Remember that there are lots and lots of possible variations inside all of this).
We donāt want our consciousness to be interrupted, and G4 is the location that feels the most like an intrusion, so we try to block the X4āG4 transference (or at least keep it to a minimum) by not touching X4 at all. Thatās why the ādefault stateā of G4 is basically being empty or absent. When/if we gather enough energy/will to interact with X4 we get mentally or physically āready" for the expected G4 invasion, and we enter in the āallā mode of the inferior function. This manifests many times in a sudden chain of activities that involve X4, like an ENP (Si4) who tends to skip meals and never sleep but one day eats everything in the fridge and then sleeps for 20 hours.
The transference from X4 to G4 is often perceived and/or represented as an avalanche, an explosion, a flash, lightning, or some kind of disaster, because itās essentially a sudden discharge of energy, all at once. (In the tarot these manifestations or effects are symbolized by the Tower). In that sense this is the most demanding separation, obviously. It doesnāt seem to provide any kind of āvictoryā, not even the sporadic ones that we get in G3/X3. In general, it seems more like a question of avoiding severe defeats. But thatās not the whole picture.
This separation leads some people to develop a sort of faith, belief, or trust in smooth/right outcomes regarding X4āG4, and/or in the ultimate goodness of it (this would be the Star in the tarot). In fact, for certain people that faith becomes the basis for their life mission, or for different kinds of religious, ritualistic or artistic practices. (Something similar might happen with X2āG2 for some people, but you can probably notice the difference because in that case the X function is not unreachable or mystified, and the activity looks less like faith and more like work. X3āG3 would be an intermediate point).
Another aspect of G4 (quite the opposite of the previous one) comes from its ghostly quality. Our proper functions (X) are true for us, and our ghosts (G) are what we consider false, so, in a similar way as that of G3, but even more extreme because G4 has a sort of independence, we can sometimes manipulate it and put there something to deceive others and/or ourselves. That is: G4 is consciously falsifiable, in different degrees, sometimes to the point of being impossible. And even though this doesnāt necessarily imply a negative use, sometimes it takes the form of a lie that we tell [ourselves]. (This is part of the Moon in the tarot). When we stop doing that we go back to the reality of things, to the truth (symbolized by the Sun).
(Temperance includes the idea of undifferentiation, and the Devil includes differentiation and, of course, the ego. Judgement is related to the expansion of consciousness, and the World is a symbol of the Self).