Hey, are you planning to put torture in your story? It is important to remember that torture does not work. There are a lot of reasons why torture happens, and some people do perform torture thinking that it is effective, but it is not. All the research says otherwise. People lie, make things up, dissociate, panic, become cognitively impaired, or resist out of spite, fear, loyalty, or trauma. Torture actively impairs memory and recall as it occurs, and torturers are typically not good at picking out lies from truths.
Also, don't underestimate the damage and trauma that 'clean' tortures can cause. If your story takes place in a modern setting, 'clean' tortures are much more common. You can still die from them. You will still likely have life-long complications, physical or mental, from them. This is also true for non-contact torture. People who have experienced torture are significantly more likely to go on to develop chronic illnesses and mental health conditions. Survivors do not all react the same way. Some become fearful and withdrawn; others become emotionally numb, angry, hypervigilant, dissociative, or outwardly functional.
Also, torture harms both the torturer and the person being tortured. Organizations that utilize torture are usually very dysfunctional within the unit(s) that it is being performed in. PTSD, moral injury, emotional dysregulation and damaged self-control, interpersonal violence, and mood disorders are common in torturers and the larger group they are typically operating in, whether that is as sanctioned and organized as the police or military or on a much smaller and less organized scale. Organizations using torture often become less trustworthy internally. Fear, secrecy, corruption, scapegoating, dehumanization, and normalization of abuse tend to spread beyond the interrogation room. Dominance, power, revenge, ideology, and poor emotional regulation are often the core drivers behind torture.
If you are writing a character and want an alternative to them using torture that actually is shown to work, rapport-building, patience, consistency, and offering safety or dignity are historically far more effective interrogation methods than coercion.
If torture works instantly and cleanly in a story, it can unintentionally reinforce myths that real governments and abusive groups have historically used to justify torture.
You can have torture in your stories! I do. But it is important to know whether and how torture apologia might accidentally be in your work, as it is very mainstream.