Capital offence
Posted by Frank Maidens
Like it or not, typography is a major part of our daily experience. Even people living more 'disconnected' lifestyles still encounter typography on bags of flour and that copy of Leviathan resting on the nightstand.
For those of us living south of Hwy 7, our daily routines are inundated with messages both printed and digital. I would even suggest that typography plays a larger role in many of our lives than sports, music, or food.
“Crazy crazy” an old friend of mine would say.
So if words and written messages are so central to our waking life, why do so few people understand the rules that govern their appearance? Most of us have been groomed to consume information our whole lives.. that much is obvious. But we now live in a world where the act of content creation has been radically democratized. More people than ever before are taking responsibility for the production of their own content; the gap between consumers and creators is closing rapidly.
This paradigm shift is fantastic for the dissemination and evolution of thought, but we humans face a difficult hurdle as more 'design' is born by the minds and hands of people with no training.
To simplify, let's forget about the intricacies of layout design for a moment and apply our focus to the rules which govern the selection and deployment of letters. Even in this isolated province of the design universe, the edicts are extensive.. certainly not captivating material for a student body already acclimatized to instant gratification. Moreover, there are millions of different methods and tools available to contemporary content creators, so it's hard to publish a single how-to that's going to be applicable for everyone.
But surely there must be a way to help stanch the bleeding? If not a comprehensive guide, then at least a basic map to lead us away from the perils of typographic ignorance. Please consider (and share!) our list of typography's four capital offences:
4) Thou shalt not use a crappy typeface
I know what you're thinking: "But Frank, how do I know if a typeface is crappy or not?" It's a fair question. Here's what you can do to find out.. when selecting a typeface to use in a design piece, look at it and ask yourself: "Is this a decent typeface?" If you're < 80% sure, DON'T USE IT – it's probably crappy.
Other notable characteristics of crap type include:
any font that is made up of pictures of little people in various poses
any font that incorporates cartoon splatters, or other non-typographic elements
any font that would look good on a Manborg poster
any font that lacks a good consistency of width, or consistency of stroke weight (you have to look close)
any font that does no come from a reputable source – avoid sites like http://toiletfonts.com
3) Thou shalt not apply gratuitous effects
People who decorate type with superfluous gradients, outlines, and other demonstrations of general tastelessness are all unknowingly part of a villainous cult of ignorant losers.
Like junkies, bored with life and looking for their next fix of 'infotainment' or hucksters who believe their audience appreciates graphics smattered with bells and whistles – purveyors of text decoration are guilty of molesting the visual landscape with their dirty, kitschy fingers, and should be shamed accordingly.
I can't put this more simply – typography itself is gorgeous, word pictures are captivating, these things don't need your shitty chrome effects to be successful. Want proof? Look at the multitude of successful visual design composed before home computers were the norm.
One of the most important things for a content creator or fledgling designer to learn is an appreciation for the power and effectiveness of simple systems.
Letters, words, sentences, and messages are already flush with details – they don't need more layers of information getting in the way of communication. Instead look to other means of creating visual interest that play into the hands of good typography: contrast & hierarchy, alignment & structure, type pairing & colour. A design that uses these fundamentals well has no need for lens flares, garish drop shadows, or anything else from Adobe's grubby bag of tricks.
2) Thou shalt not compromise the word picture
The act of reading English – be it a word, sentence, or paragraph – doesn't usually occur one letter at a time.. humans are more efficient than that. Truth is, we see thousands of words over the course of our lives, and learn to recognize most of them at a glance. Consider how you are reading each of these written words right now – scanning the sentence, you're most likely hopping from one word to the next, recognizing each group of letters as a "word picture" and moving on.
These word pictures are the foundation of our English reading experience and typography goes to great lengths to ensure they are easy for us to scan. Balanced word pictures that have an equal space between letters makes recognizing and reading those words almost effortless.
So if letters have been designed to join forces and make word pictures, why then would anyone want to deviate from that Voltron-like state of awesomeness? In a word: naïveté.
Stacking letters is for dummies Designed to help the eye travel left-to-right, letters are meant to be set in a horizontal context. That's just how they work. Stacking letters effectively shatters the word picture and creates a new totem pole of awkwardness for someone to try and decipher. It's not pretty, it's not comfortable, it's not how letters were designed.. you wouldn't use a lawn mower to make a salad, would you? Do your business (and the rest of the world) a favour and just rotate your type!
Don't make image/word hybrids We see examples of this everywhere. Clearly some people think that 'graphic design' is equivalent to swapping a letter out for a picture of something.. IDIOTS! What did I just say? Successful communication is about facilitating comfortable, effortless reading. By disrupting a word picture with a picture of something, you're making it harder for me to read. Find some other way to visually connect your words with an image or icon that doesn't make me feel like someone parked a school bus in my living room.
Kern your type At the most basic level, good word pictures are created by good kerning – an equal amount of perceived visual space between the letters of a word. If nothing else, your display text should be kerned. Your logo should be kerned. Do this and your text will sing! Messages will ring clearly. Do it not and your messages turn sour and cumbersome. Sour messages mean less engagements, less sales, less interest, less respect.
1) Thou shalt not distort letterforms
This is certainly the most serious offence when it comes to using type in design. People do it constantly, but perhaps that's only because they've never been told otherwise. Like drinking antifreeze in your garage when no one else is home – it's nothing to be proud of.
Most typefaces (most of the good ones at least) were designed by people who have dedicated their lives to the science and craft of type design. There is more heritage and history under the surface of our letters than there are holes in the moon.
Typographers are master craftspeople who create gorgeous work that the rest of us are lucky to even be allowed to install on our machines – so here's a tip: you're not going to make those letters better by stretching or distorting them. Letterforms rely on specific geometry and delicate line work. Bending, squishing, warping, or skewing type to fit in some awkward space is literally taking a dump on the cumulative hard work of some very talented people. Trust me, you aren't special enough to do that.
What if your type doesn't fit in that small, awkward space? MAKE THE TYPE SMALLER. Or choose a different, more condensed typeface (there's heaps of them). I dunno, maybe redesign the piece so there are no awkward spaces?
Do something creative or divergent to solve the problem while simultaneously honouring the craft of those who came before you.
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The fundamentals of typography and the principles of good visual design must not be ignored. Nor should a shitty piece of design be tolerated because the content producer hasn't benefitted from education or an average does of common sense. Just because "it's hard" or "it takes a long time" to make a successful design doesn't mean you should abandon all of the positive things a well-crafted message provides.
Even a basic investment of effort to create a thoughtful piece of design that incorporates typographic principles will have a positive impact:
your piece won't contribute to the already staggering cesspool of visual pollution
good typographic choices reflect positively on you as a business or a person
the work will delight your viewers with something legible and comfortable
perhaps most importantly, you'll create an effective piece of communication that actually solves a problem, leading to good relationships and repeat business
You can do it, but it takes effort. For the sake of everyone, please find the time to do it properly.











