so on this post abt autism is not (but common comorbid w) intellectual disability, pixie @pixierainbows ask:
transcript:
“Pixie little confused because Pixie have autism diagnosis (level 3 if make a difference ) and cognitive disability diagnosis.
But that not same as intellectual disability right?
But both cognitive disability and intellectual disability are measured by
" adaptive functioning " skill tests and intellectual / cognitive / reasoning /
" cause and effect " difficulties...?
Not know if bread (or others ) can or want explain how is different, Pixie just be not want upset anybody .
Pixie thought difference was : intellectual disability from IQ test, and cognitive disability from adaptive functioning test.”
end transcript
——
in short:
autism =/= intellectual disability =/= (neuro)cognitive disability, three be different
but someone can have two or even all three
intellectual disability & autism (etc): neurodevelopmental
neurocognitive disorders: neurocognitive
intellectual disability (& autism, etc): n symptom start in developmental period (childhood)
(neuro)cognitive disability: can be any time.
intellectual disability: affect everything (both intellectual & adaptive functioning)
(neuro)cognitive disability: affect one or more cognitive area, sometimes everything
——
long answer:
obligatory am not doctor. use medical sources & info but can always get things wrong. for other ppl seeing this, do not use this post to diagnose. most these things you should not be self diagnosing. always fact check if can.
intellectual disability (ID, sometimes called intellectual development disorder / IDD), a neurodevelopmental disability. & according to both DSM & ICD, need all 3:
- struggle w intellectual functioning (often this get measured by IQ tests in practice. so what pixie say abt reasoning & cause n effect & learning & etc all around. nuance nuance etc but it what be used)
- struggle w adaptive functioning. (include: conceptual category: learning skills. social category. practical category: skill need to do everyday activities independently, basic & instrumental activities of daily living & more.)
- symptom start in developmental period (childhood), so like born with (genetic, in womb or birth complications, or just happens, etc) or acquired brain injury (traumatic, or non traumatic brain injury like brain infection / encephalopathy, etc), or stuff like childhood dementia, etc.
cognitive disorder / cognitive disability =
broad term! find it vaguer & so will see different source tell different thing n may see ppl use it for any disability that affect cognitive ability.
medical ppl nowadays use more of “neurocognitive disorders” (different from intellectual disability which be neurodevelopmental). this word be more specific.
it include: delirium (short term), mild neurocognitive disorder / mild cognitive impairment (MCI), major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)
it affect: complex attention, learning, executive function, language, memory, social cognition, etc.
this can be cause by many things, like: stroke, traumatic & non traumatic brain injury, toxin, brain infection, brain inflammation (encephalitis etc), neurodegenerative disorders like alzheimer’s & parkinson’s. many genetic / neuromuscular / disorders like hunchington’s, mitochondrial myopathy & encephalomyopathy, some ppl w ALS, too.
bc it can be caused *by*, n as effect of another main disability, some people talk & identify w that main disability more often.
n plus when u say dementia, ppl typically think of late stage alzheimer’s.
generally many ppl use cognitive disability to mean this.
autism =
diagnosis criteria:
- affect social communication abilities (back & forth interaction, nonverbal communication, understand & make & keep relationships w other ppl, etc)
- restrictive & repetitive behaviors & interests (stimming, special interests, etc. sensory issue also technically group under this.)
- it be neurodevelopmental disability, so it also symptom start in developmental period (childhood).
- significant affect functioning, aka disables u
often also affect adaptive function.
——
what complicates this:
- u can have neurocognitive disorder without intellectual disability - u get neurocognitive disability in adult (see long list of causes).
- u can technically also be diagnosed with both intellectual disability AND neurocognitive disorder. this can happen when 1) child w ID get head injury & lose cognitive abilities (& assume child without both to begin with would be dx w both of meet both? am not doctor), 2) adult with ID get alzheimer’s or list of other things that counts (fun / not so fun fact, ppl w down syndrome, which sometimes comorbid ID, also have higher risk of alzheimer’s)
- u diagnose / assess / see how u affected wi cognitive & neurocognitive disabilities also with neuropsych testing. neuropsych include what we call IQ test. (or diagnose with brain scans depend on type, etc.)
- autism not classified / group as (neuro)cognitive disability, it be classify as neurodevelopmental disability, but it can affect stuff like adaptive functioning.
- sometimes people use cognitive disability to mean intellectual disability. sometimes bc they not want say intellectual disability.
- for ppl w more than one of these, can blend together n be v hard tell which be which (esp w level 3 autism, but can be level 3 autistic with or without ID)
- ppl w cognitive disability & ppl w intellectual disability can have similar experiences. so do feel sense of solidarity w ppl w ID as someone cognitively disabled :3
ok to rb
