Today's design dabbling: Used various methods of distressing the elements to give it a worn look. They all boil down to adding and subtracting. I also composited the sweatbands and re-kerned the title text.
I put some work into designing a version of the majuscule 'A' that looks like a hazard sign with an exclamation mark in it but still reads as an 'A'.
The upper and lower case letters we are used to today, along with spaces between words, punctuation, and enlarged initial letters, were a development of the late 8th century known as the Carolingian Minuscule. This manuscript hand not only established a uniform book hand that would be used throughout Charlemagne’s sprawling empire, but it also established the kinds of letter forms that would serve as the models for every Western typographic design to our current day. Today, we essentially read and write in the Carolingian Minuscule.
The Carolingian Minuscule itself developed from the insular uncial scripts and partly from the Roman half uncial that were used at Irish and Anglo-Celtic monasteries that had been founded all over Europe by the late 6th century. The insular monks who founded these monasteries also brought the traditions of word spacing, punctuation, and initial letters with them to the continent. The uncial scripts themselves derived from the late imperial Rustic Capitals, which themselves seem to have been based on Roman epigraphic letter forms.
The main characteristic of the miniscule is the breaking of the x-height with large capital letters and the characteristic ascenders and descenders found in such letters as b, d, f, g, h, k, l, p, q, t, and the rounding of capital letters into forms we know as “lower case” today, such as a, e, i, m, n. The precursors to these can be seen clearly in the first set of examples of the Irish half uncial from our facsimile copy of the Book of Kells (Luzern: Faksimile Verlag, 1990) and the Anglo-Celtic uncial form found in our facsimile copy of the Lindisfarne Gospels (second to last image; Olten and Lausanne, Switzerland: Urs Graf, 1956-60). The original manuscripts were produced at the monasteries of Iona in about 800 CE, and Lindisfarne around 725 CE, respectively. The difference between these and the Carolingian Minuscule is that the letter forms in these manuscripts are all majuscules, i.e., formal capital letters, not the informal miniscule hand that we associate with “lower-case” letters today.
The last example is that of the Roman half uncial, a majuscule hand, also used by Anglo-Celtic scribes on the continent. This example is from our facsimile copy of the Lorsch Gospels ( New York: George Braziller, 1967), a Carolingian manuscript originally produced at Aachen around 810 CE. Here, no spacing between words or punctuation can be seen.
It is said that Charlemagne tasked his main Anglo-Celtic scholar Alcuin of York with devising a new, uniform, manuscript book hand. Alcuin, but more likely others, turned to the informal versions of the uncial letter forms they were familiar with and the Carolingian Minuscule was born! With, of course, profound implications for how we read and write today.
View our post on the early use of the Carolingian Minuscule.
When your husband asks you to write a Thank You letter for a retiring colleague because he thinks your handwriting is prettier 😅 (that’s not my handwriting – and of course he knows that 😉. But it’s relatively quickly written with a fountain pen, much faster than with a pointed dip nib …). And I just saw that today is apparently #worldletterwritingday – so how fitting is that ☺️. :: #calligraphy #kalligraphie #kalligrafie #caligrafia #calligrafriends #capitals #majuscules #copperplate #anglaise #monoline #fountainpen #englischeschreibschrift #flourishedcapitals #flourishes #calligralove #historicalscripts #calligraphypractice #letterlove #18thcenturypenmanship #letterwriting #briefschreiben #tagdesbriefes #letterwritingday #tagdesbriefeschreibens #calligraphynote #dankesagen #sayingthanks #flourishforum #federflugcalligraphy https://www.instagram.com/p/CTReHYQDxiO/?utm_medium=tumblr
Free the Capitals! Japanese watercolor with a Brause metal nib on @hahnemuehle_global Black German Etching paper. #roman #majuscules #quill #calligraphy #lettering #handlettering #italic #handwriting #Shodo #shufa #書法 #書道 #emptiness_is_a_design_pattern #calligraphymasters #design (at Washburn, Wisconsin) https://www.instagram.com/p/B7v3UAjDQ51/?igshid=15aja7976n0a1
Employé avec une valeur d'adjectif qualificatif, le participe présent est nommé adjectif verbal. L'orthographe variant dans certains cas, il est important de les distinguer. Si par exemple le fait de mettre le mot au féminin “choque”, c'est qu'on se trouve en présence du participe présent, invariable.
des portraits de personnalités vivantes dans le Nord de la France
donc
des portraits de personnalités vivant dans le Nord* de la France
*En toute rigueur, on écrirait le nord de la France, les points cardinaux s’écrivant avec une minuscule lorsqu’ils indiquent une direction ou une situation relativement à un lieu.
Le participe passé suivi d’un infinitif ne s’accorde pas si le sujet subit l’action indiquée par l’infinitif (sens passif).
[Elle] ne s’est jamais entendu appeler que «le premier* ministre».
Rem. S'entendre est ici un semi-auxiliaire du passif, comme se voir. Un semi-auxiliaire est un verbe qui se construit avec un infinitif et qui porte une indication grammaticale (venir de, aller, faire, être en train de…), et qui perd souvent dans ce cas une partie de son sens (Bescherelle).
L’ensemble formé par un semi-auxiliaire et un infinitif est appelé périphrase verbale.
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Notons que cet article est signé d'une correctrice du journal Le Monde (personne n'est parfait), ce qui pourrait expliquer que la faute a exceptionnellement été corrigée dans la version web (c'est en effet rarement le cas).
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* Le Monde, Le Figaro et La Croix font partie des rares titres qui ne mettent pas de majuscule à premier ministre.
