#scince

[mindblowingscience]

Ancient bone spear tip found in Russia is oldest in Europe and made by Neanderthals

An international team has unearthed the oldest spear tip ever found in Europe and notes that it was fashioned by Neanderthals. In their pape

An international team has unearthed the oldest spear tip ever found in Europe and notes that it was fashioned by Neanderthals. In their paper published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, the group describes how and where the spear tip was found, its condition and what they have learned about it through extensive study. The spear tip was found back in 2003 in a sediment layer in a cave in the North Caucasus, Russia, along with a host of bones from a variety of animals, and also the remnants of a campfire. It was only recently that the spear tip was fully examined.

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[jaubaius]

Physics is Incredible

[earthstory]

An interesting nodule When sediments are lithifying (the act of turning into rock) they often form a variety of nodules and concretions (see http://tinyurl.com/pwfs2tf), harder lumps of precipitated minerals, often surrounding a fossil or filling a worm hole. These can pass through several compositional incarnations as the zone passes through geological history, meeting a variety of conditions along the way. These interactions can become chemically complex if ore bodies are involved, as so many elements become part of the mix and they form minerals of widely varying appearance depending on their ambient chemical conditions, such as whether the zone is oxidised or reduced (see http://on.fb.me/1I4XWKt for an explanation).

Metals are refined from the mantle by magmas, and distilled towards the surface by a variety of volcanic processes. In the case of most copper deposits (such as those in Chile) they are spat out dissolved in the fluid rich late phase of cooling granites. Often some kilometres underneath volcanoes, and precipitated when these fluids encounter either a sufficient drop in temperature or pressure or a change in chemical conditions. When the metal rich fluids infiltrate country rocks they often replace existing features such as pre existing concretions in sedimentary rocks. In other cases they form directly in sediments when hot springs that gather metals from magma below (say at an ocean spreading ridge) spew out onto the ocean floor as black smokers. Depending on the redox state and what it was bound to in the fluid when it precipitated (eg chlorine or sulphur), copper can occur as a native mineral (see http://on.fb.me/1MstEXp), a sulphide, or (following further geological adventures involving oxygen rich percolating groundwater) beautiful carbonates such as the 40x37x17mm sliced azurite nodule from Siberia in the photo. These are secondary minerals formed by the alteration of primary ones later in geological time. It is hard to say whether the varied layers in the nodule are those of an original sedimentary concretion that has been replaced with glowing blue beauty, but I suspect that it is since the core seems to have started life out as a septarian nodule (see http://on.fb.me/1LOfuRt). The dark azurite in the centre seems to have filled shrinkage cracks resulting from dehydration of the sediments at some point in their history. Whether the outer layers were part of the concretion or were deposited on the outside at a later date is also hard to tell. Either way, simple beauty can reveal a lot of possibilities to a geologist, allowing us to keep in mind as we were taught in school multiple working hypotheses as to a rock's origin. Most rocks remain that way to some extent, being repeatedly reinterpreted as more knowledge is accumulated. Loz Image credit: Quebul Fine Minerals

[uzaylininblogu]

Evetttt samanyolunun ilk gezegenler arası göktaşı ticaretini başlatıyorum.....göktaşı fiyat bilgisi dm üzerindendir.....

njdvnkfshnjgkrskh

[iconwannabe]

each time i learn something new about the human body, i am left in utter shock.

from wide eyes to mouth parted to eyebrows narrowed to fingers running through one's hair to looking up at the ceiling and smiling like you found all the answers to your problems. yes I go through all this and more.

every.single.time. it never fails to amaze me .

[studypharmacy18]

Learning about HIV and SARS-CoV on molecular level 🦠

[crystalballerlive]

This guy always makes me laugh

[pendrcgn]

Here’s some science to make your life easier:

-If you get annoyed randomly and every little thing sets you off: You’re stressed or have an unknown cause of anxiety

-If you get a random wave of sadness: You’re missing someone

-If you ever want to get clothes for someone but don’t know what type of colors they like, ask them how well they can see in the dark- If they can see well buy darker clothing, if they can’t see well buy them lighter clothing like pastels (there’s a whole reason behind this that will take too long to explain)

-When studying- If you’re allowed to chew gum in school chew mint gum while you study and chew a fresh piece of the same gum when you take the test and it’ll help you remember the material but if you can’t chew gum then listen to the same song over and over until it’s stuck in your head. If you get stuck during the test, play the song in your head and it’ll help you remember (I’ve don’t both of these methods and they work)

-No matter how many times you forget a name you will never forget a face- it’s impossible. If you see someone you recognize but don’t remember their name ask them how to spell it and put it together (I do this a lot whoops)

-Did you make plans on Saturday because it’s sunny but it’s Saturday and you’re hanging out and it looks like it’s going to rain?? If it’s humid, and the clouds are thinner and more stretched out you should be fine but if it’s humid and the clouds are big and compact- run

-Drank water but don’t know if your hiccups are gone?? Hiccups will occur between 3-5 seconds of 1-3 intervals- If you count 3-5 seconds twice and you don’t hiccup- they’re gone