What Chernow gets wrong about Angelica Hamilton's mental health
“Having been exceedingly close to her older brother, Angelica was so unhinged by his death that she suffered a mental breakdown. That fall, Hamilton did everything in his power to restore her health at the Grange and catered to her every wish. He asked Charles C. Pinckney to send her watermelons and three or four parakeets - “She is very fond of birds” – but all the loving attention did not work, and her mental problems worsened. James Kent tactfully described the teenage girl as having “a very uncommon simplicity and modesty of deportment.” She lived until age seventy-three and wound up under the care of a Dr. Macdonald in Flushing, Queens. Only intermittently lucid, consigned to an eternal childhood, she often did not recognize family members. For the rest of her life, she sang songs that she had played on the piano in duets with her father, and she always talked of her dead brother as if he were still alive. In her will, Eliza entreated her children to be “kind, affectionate, and attentive to my said unfortunate daughter Angelica.” In 1856, Angelica’s younger sister, Eliza, contemplating Angelica’s expected death, wrote, “Poor sister, what a happy release will be hers. Lost to herself half a century!””
(source — Alexander Hamilton, by Ron Chernow)
A particular misconception about Angelica's “mental breakdown”, is that I see many characterizing it as the mentality of age regression. And I think this is because of Chernow's problematic take, where he claims that Angelica entered a state of; “eternal childhood”. This wording is a bit creepy to me, and Chernow doesn't really specify what he means by “an eternal childhood”. Although it should be taken into account, that Chernow is infamous for his exaggerated vocabulary made up of needless synonyms. But by the sound of it, Chernow claims that Angelica thought it was always pre-1801, or that she really had the mind of a child. The latter being a bit unnerving to me. But just how did he come to this conclusion? (Considering he's not even a mental health professionalist, but hey he wrote a biography and is credited as a historian while only being a journalist).
In context, Chernow seems to be referring to Allan McLane Hamilton's quote on the matter, who is one of the fewest primary sources we have (Yet, he is still a bit unreliable), when he did state the following;
“Upon receipt of the news of her brother's death in the Eacker duel, she suffered so great a shock that her mind became permanently impaired, and although taken care of by her devoted mother for a long time there was no amelioration in her condition, and she was finally placed under the care of Dr. MacDonald of Flushing, and remained in his charge until her death at the age of seventy-three. During her latter life she constantly referred to the dear brother so nearly her own age as if alive. Her music, that her father used to oversee and encourage, stayed by her all these years. To the end she played the same old-fashioned songs and minuets upon the venerable piano that had been bought for her, many years before, in London, by Angelica Church, during her girlhood, and was sent to New York through a friend of her father.”
(source — The intimate life of Alexander Hamilton, by Allan McLane Hamilton)
Nowhere does McLane even imply Angelica suffered from some sort of mental age regression. He does claim Angelica played the reminiscent tunes she played on her piano as a little girl, and referred to Philip as if he was still alive — but that isn't inherently age regression. The definition age regression was; “Age regression occurs when someone reverts to a younger state of mind. This retreat may be only a few years younger than the person's physical age. It could also be much younger, into early childhood or even infancy.” Angelica reminiscing insensically about the happier times in her life isn't having the mind of a child.
A big issue about generalizing Angelica's impaired mental health as just “mental age regression”, is that we don't actually know the symptoms or characteristics of her illness. Descriptions vary, and none of them are truthfully all that descriptive or helpful in regards to determining what they were. McLane considered her insane, James Kent said that her mannerisms were “uncommonly simple”, and an anonymous visitor at the Grange referred to her as “deranged”. What are we supposed to take away from these moments other than nobody actually knew what was the problem, as we do today? Despite Angelica's illness, she still was decently lucid and enjoyed many of life's pleasures; like making friends or hosting balls. Some have argued that Hamilton's “catering” to Angelica was a sign, but we don't actually know if the purchase of birds or watermelons was actually in any form of consolence but rather just gifts.
I think Chernow came to such a conclusion because Angelica was always under a family members care (Usually her mother's), and never married. The latter being a bit of an irrelevant reason, as there were still attempts of men courting her, not any successful, but it's noteworthy;
“Got a
letter yesterday from Forman, saying that there is a young lady
from N. York, Miss Angelica Hamilton, very handsome & agreeable,
staying at McLane's. He advises me to come down & try my luck.
I expect to go down to plant trees etc., towards the end of the month,
so that I may perhaps see her.”
(source — The Dairies Of Sidney George Fisher 1838-1839)
In my opinion, it's terribly simplifying to generalize her disability. If you truly feel like slapping a title on a case that we barely know anything about, then there has to be a more efficient and reasonable terminology for her trauma than putting it under some “eternal childhood” umbrella term. Because it's insanely creepy, generalizing, and even a bit ableist. There is history of the infantilism treatment towards disabled people, and honestly I'm getting the same effect from Chernow's terrible deduction. Infantilization is often done under the guise that “this paternalistic attitude gives people with developmental disabilities even less control over their lives, reinforces their dependency on others, encourages over-compliance, and increases their social vulnerability.” Infantilisation has also been used as a tool to oppress neurodiverse people and take away their autonomy for centuries before now. And while infantilisation is a therapeutic reaction from trauma in many cases, I find it incredibly unfair to stamp it on a case we know so little about.